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Biomedical subjects

U Rao

Publications and source records attributed to U Rao.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Three possible cytogenetic subgroups of leiomyosarcoma.

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on short-term cultured tumor cells from ten patients diagnosed as having leiomyosarcoma. Of these, five tumors from five unrelated patients had clonal chromosome abnormalities. The combined data from this report and previous studies on leiomyosarcomas indicate that at least three subtypes may be identified chromosomally within leiomyosarcomas. One subtype is characterized by a hypodiploid chromosome number ranging from 41 to 43 and a common chromosome pattern of monosomies of chromosomes specific to this subgroup, including partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p13----pter), monosomy 18, and consistent monosomy 22. In contrast to the previous subtype, for the pathogenesis of which the "tumor suppressor gene" hypothesis may be suggested, another subtype was characterized by a pseudodiploid chromosome number associated with simple reciprocal translocations; so far, these translocations are unique to individual tumors, the pathogenesis of which may involve a translocation-mediated gene deregulation pathway. A third subtype contained tumors with heterogeneous karyotypic findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cytogenetic subtype involving chromosome 13 in lipoma. Report of three cases.

We report three lipomas with rearrangements of chromosome 13. The karyotype of the tumors studied were 45,XX,-8,+der(8)t(8;13)(q22;q12),del(10)(p12),-13; 46,XY,del(13)(q12q22), and 46,XY,t(11;12)(q23;q13),del(13)(q12q22), respectively, revealing common involvement of band 13q12 in the rearrangement. Three other lipomas with aberrations of bands 13q12-q13 have been reported, suggesting that such tumors with abnormalities of chromosome 13 could represent a subgroup of lipoma in addition to those already reported with abnormalities of chromosomes 12q and 6p. The rearrangements of #13 in all these cases also involved loss of the band 13q14 to which the antioncogene associated with retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma is localized. Detailed clinical, histopathologic, and molecular studies should help to further characterize the various cytogenetically defined subgroups of lipoma.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1988

Selective combination of modalities in soft tissue sarcomas: limb salvage and survival.

One hundred fifty-two consecutive patients with soft tissue sarcomas were operated in the period 1977 through 1985. Eighty-seven patients with minimum resection margin of 2 cm or greater had no further local therapy, whereas 65 patients with minimum margin less than 2 cm had adjuvant postoperative radiation. Of 121 patients with extremity sarcomas, only 5 (4%) were managed with amputation. The overall 5-year survival rate is 58%, and for patients with extremity tumors, 67%. The 5-year local recurrence rate in extremity sarcomas was 10% for patients with minimum surgical margins 2 cm or greater and no further local therapy, and 6% for those with lesser surgical margins and adjuvant postoperative radiation. With selective combination of modalities limb salvage can now be practiced in 96% of the patients with acceptable local control and survival rates.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Translocation (7;21) in a lipoma.

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on a solitary lipoma from the flank of a 38-year-old male. A translocation t(7;21)(p22;q11.2) was found as the sole clonal chromosomal abnormality. The results are discussed in relation to other cytogenetic abnormalities found in benign adipose tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Recurrent breakpoints at 9q31 and 22q12.2 in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.

A cytogenetic study of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma cells revealed a complex t(9;22;15)(q31;q12.2;q25) as a primary chromosome change. A reciprocal translocation involving identical breakpoints on chromosomes #9 and #22 in this tumor has been reported in the literature. We suggest that the breakpoints 9q31 and 22.q12.2 are associated with extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, a comparatively rare tumor of adulthood.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Suppressive therapy of thyroid nodules in patients with previous radiotherapy to the head and neck.

This is a prospective, randomized study of 431 patients with palpable thyroid nodules who had previous radiotherapy for benign disorders of the head and neck area to determine the response of the thyroid nodules to suppressive therapy and the incidence of thyroid cancer in patients who could not be suppressed and had surgery. A complete response was achieved within 6 months in 18.3 percent of the patients, and in an additional 26 percent of patients between 7 and 12 months postoperatively. Twenty percent of the patients showed complete disappearance of nodules after 1 to 2 years of suppressive therapy. Twenty-two percent who underwent surgery showed carcinoma. If suppressive therapy is to be used, a trial of 1 year rather than 3 or 6 months, as often recommended, may be appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Changes in survival with clinical stage I malignant melanoma.

Inclusion of patients referred to our cancer center following recurrence, by retracing the history and characteristics of these patients back to when they were in stage I, produced a bias that lowered the estimated disease-free survival rates. However, taking into consideration only patients referred and managed in our center when they had clinical stage I melanoma, significant differences in disease-free survival over time were revealed (P = 0.03). Thus, the estimated five-year disease-free survival rate for 86 patients treated in the period 1971-75 was 65%, whereas that from 115 patients treated in the period 1976-80 was 81%. There was no significant increase in disease-free survival for patients who had an elective node dissection in addition to wide excision.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Metastatic patterns in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck.

This retrospective study on 832 head and neck cancer patients who died between 1961 and 1985 was carried out to determine the incidence and sites of distant metastases. All patients were staged prior to definitive treatment and were autopsied. The overall incidence of distant metastases was 47 percent. The hypopharynx had the highest incidence of distant metastases (60 percent), followed by the base of the tongue (53 percent) and the anterior tongue (50 percent). Of the 387 patients with distant metastases, 91 percent died with uncontrolled tumor either at the primary site or in the neck. The lung was the most common site of distant metastases (80 percent), followed by the mediastinal nodes (34 percent), the liver (31 percent), and bone (31 percent). Overall, 6 percent of the patients had stage I disease, 20 percent had stage II disease, 32 percent had stage III disease, and 43 percent had stage IV disease. The highest incidence of distant metastases was found in those patients with stage IV disease (193 of 350 patients, 55 percent). We believe that the initial stage of disease does appear to be related to the ultimate development of the distant metastases.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1987

Real-time analysis of Doppler waveforms.

The usefulness of objective analysis of Doppler waveforms is now well established but to date such measures have generally not been available in real-time. This Paper describes a real-time data analysis and collection system in use with a duplex scanner which is capable of producing objective measures of waveform shape during the investigation. It is shown as an example that this information can be used to identify, with high accuracy, babies likely to be classified at birth as distressed as early as the 34th week of pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Involvement of chromosome X in primary cytogenetic change in human neoplasia: nonrandom translocation in synovial sarcoma.

A translocation that involves chromosome X (band p11.2) and chromosome 18 (band q11.2) was observed in short-term in vitro cultures of cells from five synovial sarcomas and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma. In four of these tumors, the translocation t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) was reciprocal. The two other tumors had complex translocations: t(X;18;21)(p11.2;q11.2;p13) and t(X;15;18)(p11.2;q23;q11.2). A translocation between chromosomes X and 18 was not detected in other histological types of soft tissue sarcoma. The X;18 rearrangement appears to characterize the synovial sarcoma and is the first description of a primary, nonrandom change in the sex chromosome of a human solid tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Translocation (13;22) in a hemangiopericytoma.

Cytogenetic studies on primary hemangiopericytoma tumor cells from a 28 year old woman showed a single karyotypic change: t(13;22)(q22;q11). The relationship of this aberration to previously described abnormalities of chromosome #22 in other solid tumors is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Feasibility of limb salvage and survival in soft tissue sarcomas.

One hundred nine consecutive patients with soft tissue sarcomas were treated in the period 1977 through 1983. Of 85 patients with extremity sarcomas, only 3 patients (4%) were managed with amputation, whereas in the previous decade, 40% of such patients were treated with amputation in our institute. The current 5-year survival rate is 63%; in the previous decade it was 45%. In the current series, for extremity locations, patients with minimum surgical margins of 2 cm or greater and no further local therapy had a 5-year local recurrence rate of 17%, whereas those with minimum surgical margins of less than 2 cm and who were treated with adjuvant postoperative radiation had a local recurrence rate of 7%. In the previous period, the local recurrence rate was 30% after wide resection and 66.6% after local excision. With a combination of modalities, limb salvage can be practiced currently in the majority of patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas without any adverse effect on recurrence rates and survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Groin dissection in malignant melanoma.

One hundred seventeen patients with malignant melanoma who had groin dissection were reviewed. The estimated 5 year survival rate for patients with node involvement was 40 percent. For patients with involved inguinal nodes only, the 5 year survival rate was 47 percent. The estimated 5 year survival rate for patients with clinically enlarged and histologically involved nodes was 37 percent and the incidence of involved deep nodes in this group was 44 percent. For patients with clinical and histologic involvement of the inguinal and deep nodes, the estimated 5 year survival rate was 30 percent. In patients with clinical involvement of the inguinal nodes, radical groin dissection with in-continuity removal of the deep nodes appeared to improve the previously reported survival rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cytogenetic studies of adipose tissue tumors. I. A benign lipoma with reciprocal translocation t(3;12)(q28;q14).

Detailed clinical histories and cytogenetic investigations using short-term cultures are reported in three typical benign lipomas. Although a diploid (normal) karyotype was observed in two cases, a reciprocal chromosome translocation t(3;12)(q28;q14) was found in the third case, which was briefly reported previously. These data are discussed in light of a lipoma with similar karyotypic changes reported by Heim et al. and a similar translocation observed by us in malignant myxoid liposarcomas. The nonrandom involvement of segment 12q13-q14 in benign and malignant lipomatous tumors suggest a common basis for at least one of the possible multiple steps in the genesis of neoplastic processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cytogenetic studies of adipose tissue tumors. II. Recurrent reciprocal translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) in myxoid liposarcomas.

Detailed chromosome studies, briefly reported previously, from short-term cultures of tumor cells from myxoid liposarcomas are reported. A common reciprocal translocation, t(12;16)(q13;p11), was found in three cases and a complex t(1;12;16)(p11;q13;p11) in the fourth one. This nonrandom primary change, not described before in solid tumors, could characterize the myxoid form of liposarcoma. The involvement of a closely located breakpoint on chromosome #12 in a reciprocal t(3;12)(q28;q14) described in a lipoma in the previous article of this series, suggests a common basis in the biological process of proliferation of tumors sharing a common histogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Membrane-associated glycoprotein (gp 160) identified on human lung tumors by a monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody (5E8) has been used to identify and structurally characterize a previously unreported macromolecule present on the surface of human lung tumors. This antibody was derived from a hybrid clone that was produced using spleen cells of mice immunized with a surgically excised squamous cell carcinoma. Using immunofluorescence, the 5E8 antibody was observed to stain many different human lung tumor cell lines and surgically excised human lung tumors including squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, alveolar carcinomas, and a portion of the large cell tumors tested. With few exceptions, notably the basal layer of the skin, little or no detectable staining of 5E8 to normal human tissues (lung, brain, kidney, heart, stomach, breast, erythrocytes, or lymphocytes) was observed. The 5E8 antibody was used to immunoprecipitate detergent lysates of biosynthetically labeled or surface radioiodinated lung tumors. Analysis of the immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed a major band and a faster migrating second minor band. The molecular weights of these two proteins were estimated to be 160,000 and 120,000, respectively. The addition of a reducing agent to the gels did not alter the migration pattern of the immunoprecipitated macromolecules. The removal of a terminal carbohydrate, sialic acid, did not restrict the binding of 5E8 to the tumor-associated antigen. However, labeling studies using galactose oxidase and tritiated borohydride revealed the presence of galactose on the immunoprecipitated protein. This major Mr 160,000 glycoprotein that was identified on two different human lung tumor cell lines was also found on a human large cell tumor tissue obtained by surgical biopsy. The 5E8 antibody and the Mr 160,000 glycoprotein that it recognizes represent two very useful components with which to test several new antibody-mediated drug delivery systems in the treatment of human lung tumors. The tumor-associated glycoprotein also represents a potential analyte for a diagnostic or prognostic immunoassay for lung cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗