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Biomedical subjects

U Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to U Pedersen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Treatment outcome after laser excision of early glottic squamous cell carcinoma--a literature survey.

Two treatment options are widely used for the cure of T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma: radiotherapy and surgical removal. There is ongoing controversy about whether laser excision should be offered to patients with T1 glottic carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to present a review of studies dealing with treatment outcome after laser excision of T1 glottic carcinoma. Eighteen original papers on outcomes were identified. Recurrence rates ranged from 4% to 35%. The disease-specific survival rate at 5 years was found to be from 89% to 100% and crude survival from 74% to 100%. Of the six studies dealing with voice quality, radiation therapy was found to be more effective in preservation of the voice in three, while in the other three studies, no significant difference could be detected. With respect to costs of treatment, in three out of four studies laser surgery was found to be the more economical treatment option. Laser surgery seems to provide comparably low recurrence rates and high disease-specific survival as compared with radiotherapy. In T1 cancer, laser resection leaves the patient with a poorer voice quality than is the case with radiation therapy, but laser treatment seems to be the cheaper option.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1994

Effect of epidural blockade and oxygen therapy on changes in subcutaneous oxygen tension after abdominal surgery.

The effect of oxygen therapy (37% by face mask) and epidural local anesthetic blockade (9 ml 0.5% bupivacaine at Th9-11 level) on wound oxygenation was evaluated in eight otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective colorectal resection. The patients were monitored continuously for subcutaneous oxygen tension, arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate, and skin temperature on the day after operation, and arterial blood for gas analysis was drawn every 15 min during the study. A fluid challenge (10 ml saline/kg body wt) did not alter any of the measured values. The epidural blockade did not change any of the measured values. Oxygen therapy before epidural blockade increased median subcutaneous oxygen tension from 60 to 71 mmHg (P < 0.02) and, after epidural blockade, from 64 to 71 mmHg (P < 0.02) Time to reach steady state in subcutaneous oxygen tension with oxygen therapy was 30 (15-55) min without epidural blockade and 15 (10-20) min with blockade (P < 0.03). In conclusion, epidural local anesthetic blockade did not increase subcutaneous oxygen tension with or without oxygen therapy after elective uncomplicated major abdominal surgery.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

[Malignant tracheal tumor--differential diagnosis in bronchial asthma].

Primary tumours of the trachea are rare and most of the symptoms relate to obstruction of the air passage leading to inspiratory and expiratory stridor. Unfortunately, the inclusion of malignant tracheal neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of onset of wheeze in adults is even more rare than the tumours themselves. We report a case where a tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma presented symptoms suggestive of bronchial asthma. It is emphasized that delay by the physician in diagnosing tracheal tumours is the principal problem, and that adult patients who experience onset of stridor and dyspnoe and do not respond to accepted medical treatment deserve systematic radiographic and endoscopic evaluation of the entire air passage.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The diagnostic role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in AIDS patients with suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was carried out in 17 consecutive AIDS patients with suspected opportunistic infections. A total number of 23 bronchoscopies were performed and a comparison was made about the effectiveness of the available diagnostic techniques, which included bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchial brushings. The most common cause of pulmonary parenchymal disease was Pneumocystis carinii (7 patients). In 6 of these HIV-positive patients the detection of infection was decisive in making a diagnosis of AIDS. The most effective procedure for diagnosing P. carinii pneumonia was transbronchial lung biopsy (5 patients), while bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial brushings showed P. carinii and 5 and 4 patients respectively. Complications were minor and occurred only in those patients subjected to transbronchial biopsy. Our findings showed that transbronchial biopsy has the highest yield in the diagnosis of P. carinii infection. When all diagnostic components of the bronchoscopic procedures are carried out, very few cases with these infections should be missed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Fractures in polyvinyl chloride tracheostomy tubes.

Fracture in polyvinyl chloride tracheostomy tubes in infants and children has not previously been described. On the basis of two events in the same infant a theory for the pathogenesis is outlined, and measures to prevent future cases are described.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1986

Hearing improvement after stapedectomy: up to 19 years' follow-up period.

The long-term results of 925 stapedectomies were analysed after a mean follow-up period of 15 years. Patients who had the operation before the age of 30 were analysed separately. The entire group deteriorated by an average of 0.91 dB/year at 500-2000 Hz, while the under-30 group deteriorated by 0.67 dB/year. There were but slight differences in the conductive component, considering frequencies and age. The perceptive loss/year was not far from that in a normal population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Histopathology of the stapes in osteogenesis imperfecta.

Conventional histological studies of stapes footplates from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta revealed, in nine out of 15 stapes examined, an otospongiotic-like lesion. Although the morphology of the stapedial lesion was comparable to the early otosclerotic focus, a greater structural disorganization and larger resorption spaces in osteogenesis imperfecta distinguished the two conditions. The histopathology of the stapes was related to the morphology of cortical and trabecular bone from the iliac crest. Various degrees of immature, osteogenic bony tissue were found in the iliac crest, showing no resemblance to the otospongiotic-like focus in the footplate. Even though the histologic appearance of the stapes footplates differed from the findings in peripheral bone, the present study indicates that the stapedial lesion in osteogenesis imperfecta is most likely a manifestation of the generalized bone and connective tissue disorder. The study further supports the view that osteogenesis imperfecta and otosclerosis are of different aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Reduced strength of skin in osteogenesis imperfecta.

The biochemical properties and ratio collagen type I/type III of skin biopsies from nine patients with osteogenesis imperfecta and nine age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Four of six patients with osteogenesis imperfecta Sillence type I had pronounced reductions in skin tensile strength, decreased ratios of collagen type I/type III, primarily accomplished by reduced amounts of collagen type I, moderate or no disability. The three patients with osteogenesis imperfecta Sillence type III had severe skeletal deformities, but normal skin tensile strength, and ratios of collagen type I/type III within the normal range. These observations may be explained as resulting from various structural defects in the type I collagen of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lack of effects of human calcitonin in osteogenesis imperfecta.

The effects of human calcitonin on bone mineral content and certain biochemical markers of bone metabolism were evaluated in a 2-12 month treatment period in seven patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. S-calcium, S-alkaline phosphatase, S-immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone and the urinary excretion of calcium were found to be within the normal range before and during the treatment period. After 4-5 months of therapy, a slight increase in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was observed, but the values were still within the normal range. The bone mineral content, measured in the forearm, remained unchanged during the treatment period. Side effects were common, in two cases resulting in discontinuation of the treatment. We concluded that, with the dose of human calcitonin used, it was impossible to detect any beneficial effect in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Rheumatoid arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joints: a case of laryngeal obstruction due to acute and chronic joint changes.

A 63-year-old female with severe rheumatoid arthritis and respiratory obstruction with stridor due to cricoarytenoid (c.a.) arthritis is described. Low voltage radiography of the neck revealed erosive changes in the c.a. joints. At laryngoscopy the arytenoids were fixed in adduction, and there were signs of active arthritis. Corticosteroid therapy was instituted with remarkable effect on the obstruction. After the active arthritis had subsided, there remained limited arytenoid mobility with a glottic chink of about 5 mm, but no laryngeal symptoms.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1984

Histological investigation of skin biopsies in otosclerosis and osteogenesis imperfecta.

Histological investigation of skin biopsies in four patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, nine patients with otosclerosis and 13 sex- and age-matched normal controls was carried out blindly. The dermal thickness was markedly reduced in osteogenesis imperfecta and slightly reduced in otosclerosis. Minor degenerative changes in the elastic fibres were seen in otosclerosis, while the elastic fibres were found to be more degenerated and more numerous in osteogenesis imperfecta. Our study does not support the hypothesis of otosclerosis being a localized form of osteogenesis imperfecta. The minor changes in the elastic fibres in otosclerosis indicate that further studies of the elastic fibres and of collagen will be necessary to determine whether otosclerosis is a localized disease or part of a general connective tissue disorder.

Adult↗