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Biomedical subjects

U Kaboth

Publications and source records attributed to U Kaboth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Treatment of polycythemia vera by isovolemic large-volume erythrocytapheresis.

Excess red blood cells (RBC) in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) are usually removed by repeated phlebotomy. In order to improve the efficacy of this treatment, we used isovolemic large-volume erythrocytapheresis (EA) by a cell separator. A retrospective analysis of our experience with 69 PV patients (206 EA procedures) is reported. EA induced a rapid, well-tolerated, and long-lasting reduction of Hct, Hb, and RBC counts, as well as an immediate disappearance or reduction of clinical symptoms of PV, while tissue oxygen tension - as measured in 8 patients - increased. Hct was reduced by EA from 56.8% +/- 5.6% to 41.9% +/- 6.6%, Hb from 17.5 +/- 2.3 to 12.7 +/- 2.4 g%, RBC counts from 7.4 +/- 0.9 to 5.4 +/- 0.9 x 10(6)/mm3. The mean volume of the apherisate was 1410 +/- 418 ml, (mean Hct 79.7% +/- 9.3%), and the actual RBC volume removed 1113 +/- 367 ml. The isovolemic procedure was well tolerated and the acceptance by patients seemed to be better than with repeated phlebotomy. In 21 patients whose Hct values (Hct before and after EA 58% +/- 5.7% and 41.5% +/- 4.9%) were regularly followed after EA the mean period with Hct less than 50% after a single EA procedure was 6.1 +/- 4.1 months (median, 6); in 14 out of these 21 patients a Hct of less than 43% after EA was reached and their mean period with Hct less than 50% after EA was 7.6 +/- 4.0 months (median, 7.5). For three patients this period was 11, 13, and 15 months, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Component Removal↗
PubMed1988

Microheterogeneity of paraproteins. I. Diagnostic value of isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting.

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels followed by immunoblotting on nitrocellulose membranes is presently the most sensitive method in the routine detection of IgG paraproteins. With this technique, immunoglobulin class and light chain composition can be as reliably identified as in immunoelectrophoresis. The problem of firm adherence between IEF polyacrylamide gels and nitrocellulose membranes can be overcome by brief incubation in sodium dodecyl sulfate. After isoelectric focusing, IgG paraproteins display a characteristic pattern of limited electrophoretic heterogeneity. This pattern is easily recognized even in the few cases with a constant tendency to aggregate under IEF conditions and in the surprisingly high percentage of paraproteins with very alkaline isoelectric points in which it is altered due to a cathodal collection effect. It is independent of the total amount of IgG in serum and remains stable intraindividually over extended observation periods. On the other hand, there is a very high degree of interindividual variability while common paraprotein characteristics still remain recognizable.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of large-volume plasma exchange in patients with chemotherapy-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer.

23 patients with advanced metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma and measurable metastases were treated with chemotherapy until resistance to chemotherapy was evident. Chemotherapy was then not discontinued but administered for at least a further cycle combined with large-volume plasma exchange (PE). 15 of 23 patients responded again for 4-45 weeks, an average of 13. This effect was thought to be due to dilution or elimination of serum-blocking factors, which could be measured by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) assay. 16 of 20 patients showed a positive correlation between the clinical course and MLC activity, if the basic MLC reactivity was compared with the MLC levels at the start of each subsequent PE in each patient. It is postulated that in some tumors there is a resistance to chemotherapy mediated by plasma-blocking factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Metastasizing adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary tumor].

Metastatic adenocarcinoma without demonstration of the primary tumour was diagnosed within a period of 42 months in 13 women and 11 men, median age 68.5 years. Analysis of initial symptoms, cardinal findings on first examination and pathological laboratory values pointed predominantly to a primary site in the abdomen. The following conclusions were drawn from this study, with all the disadvantages of retrospective analysis: in a majority of patients (14) the tumour mass could be localized in the upper abdomen. Primary sites include pancreas, biliary tract and gallbladder and possibly colon in the differential diagnosis. There is usually not a good response to chemotherapy. On the other hand, it is important to examine all organs for possible primary site of a carcinoma the metastases of which can be successfully treated by chemotherapy or hormones (mammary, ovarian, testicular, thyroid and prostate carcinoma). Taking into account a median survival time of 28 weeks and the fact that 73% of all technical investigations were normal, diagnostic measures should be as few as possible, restricted predominantly to clinical and biochemical ones, radiography of the thorax, abdominal ultrasound, digital pelvic examination, mammography, and serological and cytological tumour parameters.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Immune complex-like material in the serum and plasma exchange in patients with metastatic cancer.

Clinical significance of immune complex-like material in the serum was investigated in tumour patients undergoing plasma exchange with albumin-saline solution and subsequent chemotherapy. Immune complexes were detected by the Clq binding assay or the Raji cell radioimmunoassay in nine out of forty-five patients before this therapy. Levels of immune complexes were decreased to 10-30% of the initial value by plasma exchange depending on exchanged plasma volume. In contrast to other serum proteins like alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin, which showed protein specific increase during follow up after plasma exchange in all patients, recovery rates of immune complexes and IgG were highly individual but parallel in each patient. Clinical response to this protocol did not correlate with immune complex status, suggesting that removal of the measured immune complex like material had little clinical significance or was not longlasting enough to provide therapeutic benefit.

Albumins↗
PubMed1984

[Cytostatic therapy of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A randomized study comparing cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) and bleomycin with methotrexate and vindesine].

79 patients were randomized and treated either with cis-DDP 33 mg/kg i.v. day 1 and BLM 15 mg/m2 i.v. continuously day 2-6 (arm A) or less aggressively with MTX 30 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 + 6 and VDS 3 mg/m2 day 2 + 7 (arm B). Patients with inadequate response were further treated with the alternative regimen ("cross over"). Regarding response rates therapy A was superior to B (p = 0.01) respectively p = 0.05 for the cross over patients. Not pretreated in comparison to pretreated patients demonstrated not significantly better results. Pretreated patients had statistically superior response rates with arm A than with arm B (p = 0.05). All other prognostic factors were without any influence on treatment results. CR induced by chemotherapy (2 X) in not pretreated patients could be increased by additional surgery and X-ray therapy (CR = 26X). Survival times demonstrated no difference between both regimes. Chemotherapy was of less influence on median survival times after 39 months than in comparison to post-chemotherapeutically performed surgery +/- radiotherapy in 44 not pretreated patients. Chemotherapy: CR + PR to MR + NC + PD 16 respectively 13 months with 38 respectively 48% survivors (p = 0.25). Surgery +/- radiotherapy: CR + PR median not reached yet, MR + NC + PD 13 months with 60 respectively 18% survivors (p = 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The efficacy of large volume plasma exchange in chemotherapy resistant malignancies.

Chemotherapy resistance in cancer patients may be due to serum blocking factors, which can be diminished or eliminated by large volume plasma exchange (PE). This procedure was performed with the IBM blood cell separator in 69 patients resistant to chemotherapy. Immediately after PE the chemotherapy was given but it was reinstituted, if clinical evaluation revealed partial remission, minor response or no change. 37 out of 69 patients (53.6%) responded again, 32 (46.4%) did not. Response duration ranged from 2 to 45 weeks. Best clinical results were obtained in patients with colorectal cancer, 15 out of 23 showed improvement between 4 to 45 weeks. Serum blocking activity was measured using a modified mixed lymphocyte culture assay (MLC). There was a 80% positive correlation between clinical course of patients and MLC levels, if basic activity before the first PE was compared to MLC inhibition before the following PE's.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Plasmapheresis: First clinical results in malignant tumors].

32 patients (10 females and 22 males) with chemotherapy-resistant tumors were again treated with the previously ineffective chemotherapy after plasmapheresis. 19 of 32 patients showed a minor response or no change lasting more than 3 1/2 weeks; in 10 of the 32 patients it lasted for more than 8 weeks.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Serum complement factors in human acute pancreatitis.

C3, C4 and total haemolytic activity of serum complement were measured in 35 patients with acute pancreatitis, and were found to be normal or raised in 24 patients (23 survivors). In 3 further patients complement values were low initially, but returned to normal with clinical recovery. In the remaining 8 patients serum complement factors were generally lowered or declined during the course of the disease; all of them died from haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Thus lowered complement factors may be an unfavourable prognostic sign for the course of the disease. Reasons for the decline may be protein loss, blood coagulation disturbances or intrapancreatic activation of complement. The latter possibility is supported by the immunohistological detection of C3 deposits surrounding parenchymal necroses in two patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

HLA-antigens in acute and chronic pancreatitis.

HLA-A and B-antigens were determined in 22 patients with acute and in 65 patients with chronic pancreatitis as well as in 165 healthy controls. There was a tendency of over- and underrepresentation of certain antigens indicating that there may be a genetically linked susceptibility of some patients to acute and chronic pancreatitis respectively. For further evaluation of these tendencies on a larger scale a multi-centre study is required.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Complement system in sodium taurocholate pancreatitis in the rat.

The role of the complement system was studied in Na-taurocholate pancreatitis in rats. Complement activity (CH 50) was determined at various times in the course of pancreatitis. Immediately after induction of acute pancreatitis, serum complement activity declined and massive C 3 deposits could be detected in the vicinity of acinar necroses and necrobioses. After a phase of recovery three to six hours postoperatively a second complement consumption occurred. Lethality rate increased as serum complement activity fell below 50% of preoperative values. The degree of C 3 deposition increased up to six hours. Decline of serum complement activity and deposition within the pancreas seemed to be correlated with histologically demonstrable tissue lesion. The first decline of complement activity in serum is thought to be caused by liberation of complement activating substances within the pancreas due to the detergent action of Na-taurocholate itself. The second decline, however, may be due to the liberation of complement activating and/or destroying enzymes into the blood stream.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Involvement of the exocrine pancreas in Wilson's disease? (author's transl)].

A normal exocrine pancreatic function was demonstrated by the secretin-pancreozymin-test in five patients with Wilson's disease either without (n = 2) or with cirrhosis of the liver but without portal hypertension (n = 3). In another patient with cirrhosis of the liver without portal hypertension the pancreas was normal at post mortem examination. In two patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension bicarbonate (n = 1) and amylase secretion (n = 2) were diminished. The regression of portal hypertension under therapy with penicillamine in one of the latter cases was paralleled by the return to normal of exocrine pancreatic function. It is concluded that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in Wilson's disease is dependent on the development and the progression of chirrhosis of the liver and not due to a primary manifestation of the disease itself.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Asymptomatic chronic-persisting hepatitis B in a young child as source of infection of hepatitis B within a family (author's transl)].

Five members of an eight-member family fell ill with an acute icteric hepatitis B of the same subtype within eleven months. In all probability the source of the infection was a just over one-year-old fostered child with asymptomatic chronic persisting hepatitis B and signs of massive viraemia (usually high HBs antigen concentration, high virus-specific DNA-polymerase activity and positive HBe antigen test). No relation could be demonstrated between HLA constellation and illness in the family members. Since no specific treatment is available, the only possible prophylactic measure is to isolate the child in the present environment, to avoid further cases of the disease.

Acute Disease↗