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Biomedical subjects

U Berg

Publications and source records attributed to U Berg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Influence of chlorhexidine in ethanol and in isopropanol on the bacterial colonization of the umbilicus of newborns.

The effect of daily treatment with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol and in 70% isopropanol, respectively, on navel colonization and on rates of infection in newborns has been studied in 438 infants in two maternity wards during a 3-month period. In spite of isopropanol being reported as a more efficient skin disinfectant than ethanol in several experimental models, no significant differences were seen in the frequency of navel colonization or in infection rates between the two treatment groups. The colonization rate with S. aureus was lower in this than in an earlier investigation on navel disinfection with chlorhexidine in ethanol performed in the same wards. This may reflect a progressive effectiveness of the treatment due to fewer S. aureus sources in the nursery. For practical reasons we continue to recommend daily navel disinfection with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol on healthy newborns in hospital nurseries.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1985

Renal clearance of fluoride in children and adolescents.

Renal function and fluoride excretion have been studied in 38 children. The children were divided into three groups according to their glomerular filtration rate: normal (92 to 136 mL/min/1.73 m2 of body surface area [BSA]), low (less than 92 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA, and super-normal (greater than 136 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA). Standard clearance technique with infusion of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid during water diuresis was used. Mean renal fluoride clearance was 45.0 +/- 9.8 (SD) mL/min in the group of children with normal glomerular filtration rates and 31.4 +/- 8.8 mL/min in the group with low glomerular filtration rates. This difference was statistically significant. There was a close linear relationship between renal fluoride clearance and glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow, and free water clearance. The fractional fluoride excretion did not differ between the groups. About 60% of the filtered fluoride was reabsorbed. No evidence for tubular secretion exceeding the reabsorption could be found. The results suggest that children have lower renal fluoride clearance rates than adults and indicate that a moderate impairment of the renal function could lead to increased retention of fluoride.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Foot process fusion and glomerular filtration rate in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), not due to hypovolemia, has been reported in patients in the proteinuric phase of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). A group of children with MCNS was studied to investigate the possible relationship between the fusion of glomerular epithelial foot processes and the reduction in GFR. The degree of foot process fusion was estimated as the harmonic true mean of foot process width and the length density of epithelial slit pores as determined by quantitative electron microscopic stereology. In the patients investigated GFR ranged between 40 and 127 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface area, the filtration fraction between 6.9 and 22.5%, and the serum albumin concentration between 14 and 46 g/liter. The mean foot process width, which varied between 330 and 870 nm, showed a close correlation with GFR (r = -0.859) and the filtration fraction (r = -0.812), as well as with the serum albumin concentration (r = -0.756). As expected, a reduction of epithelial slit pore length occurred concomitant with the broadening of the foot processes. These results agree with the hypothesis that the reduction in the total length of glomerular epithelial slit pores, due to the fusion of foot processes, results in a reduced glomerular capillary permeability to water and small solutes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Renal sodium handling in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

Renal sodium handling was studied in 23 children at three different stages of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome--the oedema forming state, proteinuric steady state, and remission. Clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid and urinary sodium excretion were determined basally, after intravenous infusion of isotonic saline and hyperoncotic albumin, and after furosemide injection. Absolute and fractional basal sodium excretion were significantly lower in oedema forming patients than in proteinuric patients in steady state, and non-proteinuric patients. In contrast to proteinuric patients in steady state and non-proteinuric patients, the oedema forming patients failed to respond to isotonic saline infusion with increased sodium excretion. After diuretic blockade with furosemide, the fractional sodium excretion of the oedema forming patients increased to values no different from those of the non-proteinuric patients, whereas the fractional sodium excretion of the steady state patients increased to significantly higher values. The plasma aldosterone concentration was within normal limits in 11 of 14 proteinuric patients, and did not correlate with the basal sodium excretion. Thus, sodium retention in the minimal change nephrotic syndrome was found only in oedema forming patients, and since this is not related to the plasma aldosterone concentration it may be caused by an intrarenal mechanism, probably sited in distal parts of the nephron.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ultrasonographic renal parenchymal volume related to kidney function and renal parenchymal area in children with recurrent urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria.

A comparison of the relationship that might exist between ultrasonographically calculated renal parenchymal volume and renal parenchymal area assessed from urography and also between renal parenchymal volume and kidney function was conducted in a series of 26 children with recurrent urinary tract infection or asymptomatic bacteriuria. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by the clearance of inulin, renal parenchymal area was measured from urography and renal parenchymal volume was calculated from sequential longitudinal scans of the kidney using an automated water-delay ultrasonographic equipment (Octoson). High correlation was found between 1) renal parenchymal volume and GFR, 2) renal parenchymal volume and renal parenchymal area and 3) renal parenchymal area and GFR. Octoson ultrasonographic determination of renal parenchymal volume is a reliable method to evaluate glomerular filtration rate and renal parenchymal area in children with recurrent urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Unstable fractures of the pelvis treated with a trapezoid compression frame.

Sixteen patients with unstable pelvic fractures were treated by early reduction and fixation of the pelvic ring with a trapezoid compression frame. This provided firm fixation of the fractured pelvis in all but one patient. External fixation afforded relief from pain and greatly facilitated nursing. At follow-up, all the fractures but one had healed in the position secured initially by the frame.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Renal water handling in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

Renal water handling was studied in proteinuric and non-proteinuric phase in 25 children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Clearance of inulin was determined during water diuresis and in hypodropenia followed by intravenous saline infusion. The diluting capacity, evaluated both as minimal urinary osmolality and as free water clearance did not differ from that in controls. An inverse correlation was found between distal tubular sodium delivery and serum albumin concentration during proteinuric phase. The concentrating capacity, evaluated as maximal urinary osmolality did not differ in proteinuric and non-proteinuric phase. Free water reabsorption, however, was significantly lower in proteinuric phase than in remission. The correlation of severe hypoalbuminemia with high distal tubular sodium delivery indicates a decrease in proximal sodium reabsorption in proteinuric phase, and the normal diluting capacity supports an intact, probably increased, distal tubular sodium reabsorption. The normal ability to excrete a water load suggests that the water retention in the nephrotic syndrome is secondary to sodium retention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Long-term effect of Boston brace treatment on renal function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

The long-term effects of Boston brace treatment on renal function were studied in 20 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Renal function was tested by clearances of inulin and para-aminohippurate sodium (PAH) when the brace was first applied as well as after four and 12 months of brace treatment. Each function test was performed without and with the brace. The glomerular filtration rate decreased when the brace was first applied, was unchanged after four months, and increased after 12 months. Renal plasma flow decreased when the brace was first applied but was unchanged after four and 12 months. Urinary sodium excretion decreased to values lower than those of control subjects when the brace was first applied, but an adaptive increase was noted after four and 12 months of brace treatment. The acute effects of brace application were observed even after four and 12 months of treatment; an increase in urinary sodium excretion was found when the brace was removed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Renal function in cystic fibrosis with special reference to the renal sodium handling.

Renal function was studied in 16 patients with cystic fibrosis, aged 5 to 19 years. The mean glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction were increased compared to those in controls. Basal urinary sodium excretion as well as renal responses to oral and intravenous sodium loads were low, indicating an increased renal sodium reabsorption. Diluting capacity, measured as free water clearance, was decreased because of a low distal sodium delivery which might indicate an increased proximal sodium reabsorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The immediate effect of Boston brace on renal function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

The immediate effect of the Boston brace on renal function was studied in 18 patients with idiopathic scoliosis ranging in age from ten to 17 years. Renal function was tested by clearances of inulin and PAH without and with brace applied. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow decreased significantly when the brace was applied, but to values within normal limits. When the brace was applied, the urinary sodium excretion, however, was significantly reduced to values significantly lower than that of controls. This might cause sodium retention if the pressure effect of the brace persists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Renal hemodynamics in minimal change nephrotic syndrome in childhood.

Renal hemodynamics were studied in 16 children with biopsy-verified minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Clearances of inulin and PAH (CPAH) were performed during proteinuric and non-proteinuric phase. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and filtration fraction (FF) were found significantly decreased during proteinuric phase compared to controls., while CPAH was within normal limits. A significant correlation was found between GFR and serum albumin concentration during proteinuric phase. GFR and FF increased significantly to normal and super-normal values respectively in those patients restudied in non-proteinuric phase, while CPAH remained unchanged. It is concluded that the normal CPAH during proteinuric phase contradicts hypovolemia as the main cause of the simultaneously reduced GFR. The low GFR is suggested to be caused by a reduced glomerular permeability and/or a reduced filtering surface area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Renal function in acute febrile urinary tract infection in children: pathophysiologic aspects on the reduced concentrating capacity.

In an attempt to elucidate the reduced concentrating capacity in acute pyelonephritis, we studied the renal function in 14 children, 5 to 16 years of age. Clearance of inulin, PAH, and free water, urinary sodium excretion, and maximal urine osmolality after 18 hours of thirst have been determined at and within 10 months after infection. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were found to be increased during infection and normalized after infection. Urinary sodium excretion, distal sodium delivery, and maximal urine osmolality were decreased during infection and increased afterwards. Kidney size was also increased during infection. It is postulated that the reduced concentrating capacity is due to a washout effect mediated by an increased medullary blood flow and to a low distal tubular sodium delivery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Neonatal meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type c.

Haemophilus influenzae type c was isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid in a 3-day-old fullterm boy with clinical signs of serious infection. Ampicillin, cloxacillin and gentamicin were instituted initially. After 3 days of therapy the child developed a hemiparesis. Treatment was changed to chloramphenicol and the baby improved. The implications of H. influenzae serotype c as a possible pathogen, early diagnostic procedures and therapeutic problems are discussed.

Electroencephalography↗