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Biomedical subjects

U Berg

Publications and source records attributed to U Berg.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Children with chronic renal failure in Sweden 1978-1985.

A survey of chronic renal failure (CRF) in Swedish children was carried out for the period 1978-1985, using age-related cut-off levels for creatinine concentrations corresponding approximately to a glomerular filtration rate of 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The mean annual incidence of CRF was 6.9 and of terminal renal failure (TRF) 4.4/million children. The prevalence increased during the study period, for preterminal renal failure from 14.1 (1978) to 26.1 (1985) and for TRF from 12.4 to 16/million children. The main groups of primary renal disease were malformations (42%), hereditary disorders (27%), and glomerular diseases (14%), while pyelonephritis with vesico-ureteral reflux only made up 5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Factors related to renal haemodynamics in young type-1 diabetes mellitus patients.

The influence of metabolic control (HbA1c), noradrenaline (NA) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) on renal function and size was investigated in 11 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients aged 11-17 years. Renal function was evaluated in terms of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). Renal size was determined as renal parenchymal volume (RPV) by ultrasonography. The patients' HbA1c values ranged from 8.2% to 12.9% (normal range 5.5-8.5%) and their GFR and ERPF were higher than normal. Their IGF-II values were higher, and NA and IGF-I levels were lower than those of healthy controls. Inverse correlations between NA and GFR (r = -0.66) and NA and ERPF (r = -0.63) were found. No correlation was found between serum IGF-I and renal functional parameters. The IGF-II values correlated with GFR and HbA1c (r = 0.63, r = 0.70 respectively). There were linear correlations between RPV and GFR, RPV and ERPF, HbA1c and GFR, and ERPF and RPV. Decreased NA concentrations and increased IGF-II values appear to be factors contributing to renal hyperfunction in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Central nervous system complications in children treated with ciclosporin after renal transplantation.

Severe complications involving the central nervous system occurred in 7 of 36 children (19%) after renal transplantation. The children, aged 1.6-13.1 years at transplantation were treated with ciclosporin and prednisolone. Six of them had azathioprine as well. The neurological symptoms consisted of seizures, drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations, visual disturbances, and mental changes. In all cases electroencephalograms were severely pathological, showing diffuse abnormalities with or without focal abnormalities and epileptic activity. In all but one case the ciclosporin trough blood levels were within the therapeutic range. Blood glucose and electrolytes were normal. Several factors might contribute to the central nervous system complications: ciclosporin, corticosteroids, hypertension, rejection, and as yet unknown ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect on renal function of essential fatty acid supplementation in cystic fibrosis.

Changes in renal hemodynamics, sodium homeostasis, renal acidifying capacity, and aldosterone excretion were studied before and after long-term intravenous essential fatty acid supplementation for a period of 3 years in 11 patients with cystic fibrosis. The mean (+/- SD) glomerular filtration rate was high at the start of the study (133 +/- 18 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface area) and decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) to within normal values after 1 year of essential fatty acid supplementation. The urinary elimination of an oral sodium load initially was very low (3.6 +/- 2.5 mmol/hr/1.73 m2 body surface area vs control subjects' values of 7.9 +/- 2.0; p less than 0.001) and increased during treatment but was not normalized (p less than 0.05 vs control subjects' values). Free water clearance and distal tubular sodium delivery, which were significantly decreased before treatment (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001 vs control subjects' values, respectively) did not increase significantly. The mean urinary aldosterone excretion did not significantly differ from that in control subjects before and after treatment. The acidifying capacity was disturbed, indicating a low renal bicarbonate threshold, and was changed during treatment in only 2 of 10 patients. These data indicate that essential fatty acid deficiency may contribute to the renal disturbances in cystic fibrosis.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1989

Long lasting respiratory depression induced by morphine-6-glucuronide?

We report a case of long lasting respiratory depression after intravenous administration of morphine to a 7 year old girl with haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The plasma concentrations of the active metabolite M6G were more than 10 times those normally seen and the half-lives of M6G and morphine were prolonged.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Influence of hydrophobicity on the adjuvant effect of particulate polymeric adjuvants.

The hydrophobicity of particulate polymeric acrylic adjuvants was altered by insertion of hydroxyl groups, exchange of a methyl group against a cyano group or elongation of the ester side chain length. These adjuvants were tested by determination of the antibody response after immunization using bovine serum albumin or by measuring the protection against infection using influenza as the antigen. In addition, the hydrophobicity was determined by measurement of the water contact angles. The adjuvant effect increased with increasing hydrophobicity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Comparison between renal parenchymal sonographic volume, renal parenchymal urographic area, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in children.

A comparison of renal size, expressed as ultrasonographic renal parenchymal volume and urographic renal parenchymal area, and renal function, measured as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), was made in two groups of children: (1) 21 patients with normal urograms and no signs of current disease and (2) 26 children with recurrent urinary tract infections or asymptomatic bacteriuria. Renal parenchymal volume was calculated using a water delay ultrasonographic device (Octoson). Renal parenchymal area was measured urographically. GFR and ERPF were determined from the clearances of inulin and PAH, respectively. In both groups a good correlation was found between both GFR and ERPF and total renal parenchymal volume as well as renal parenchymal area. The determination of renal parenchymal volume could possibly replace the determination of GFR and ERPF in healthy children and in children with urinary tract infections with normal and abnormal urograms.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1988

Renal function and albumin excretion during exercise in children during remission of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

Six patients with the minimal change nephrotic syndrome in remission and seven healthy controls were investigated with regard to renal haemodynamics and albumin excretion before, during and after exercise. The glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were determined by a standard clearance method, employing continuous infusion of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid. Microalbuminuria was measured by an immunoturbidimetric method. The work load was standardized at 70% of the maximal working capacity and was applied for 20 min. During exercise there was a significant fall in the glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow and a significant rise in the filtration fraction. The pattern of renal haemodynamic changes did not differ between the groups. Nor was there any statistically significant difference in urinary albumin excretion, although the exercise-induced increase in albumin excretion of the controls did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that the renal haemodynamics and urinary albumin excretion of children having long remissions of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome are normal at rest as well as during and after a submaximal exercise test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Renal parenchymal volume during and after acute pyelonephritis measured by ultrasonography.

A total of 47 children with acute pyelonephritis were investigated using water delay ultrasonographic equipment (Octoson) for determination of renal parenchymal volume by the stepped section technique. Thirty two patients were repeatedly investigated every to every other week up to seven weeks. Median renal parenchymal volume during acute pyelonephritis of the right kidney was 2.70 cm3/kg body weight and of the left kidney 3.10 cm3/kg; this was significantly larger than the volume of control kidneys, which was 1.82 and 2.07 cm3/kg, respectively. The most enlarged kidneys were found among the youngest children. A significant successive decrease in renal size was found during the first four to five weeks after the acute pyelonephritis. Because of enlargement of the kidneys during acute pyelonephritis we suggest that the first renal size determination to be used for following renal growth should be performed after at least four to six weeks.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Exercise-induced changes in renal function and their relation to plasma noradrenaline in insulin-dependent diabetic children and adolescents.

Exercise-induced changes in renal haemodynamics, water homoeostasis, urinary albumin excretion and their possible relation to plasma noradrenaline were studied in seven insulin-dependent diabetic children and adolescents without signs of autonomic or somatic neuropathy. Six age-matched clinically healthy patients in remission from the minimal change nephrotic syndrome served as controls. The diabetic patients had a higher glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow and a lower venous plasma noradrenaline level in the basal state. They also had a higher systolic blood pressure compared with the controls. During exercise the diabetic patients showed a less marked reduction in glomerular filtration rate and urinary flow and a greater increase in filtration fraction. Their heart rate increase during exercise was lower. An inverse correlation between the percentage changes in noradrenaline and glomerular filtration rate during exercise was noted solely in the diabetic patients. They also showed a less marked increase in the ratio between potassium and sodium clearances during and 20 min after exercise. Albumin excretion did not differ between the two groups. We suggest that the sympatho-adrenergic effects of exercise on heart rate, renal haemodynamics and water homoeostasis are blunted in our diabetic patients. Hence, signs of impaired sympathetic activity might be disclosed in young diabetic patients with a disease of fairly short duration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Short-term effect of low and high protein intake on renal function in children with renal disease.

The short-term effect of different levels of protein intake on renal function was investigated in 18 children with moderately (51-85 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA) or severely (9-50 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA) reduced glomerular filtration rates (GFR). The GFR and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), estimated as the clearances of respectively inulin and para-aminohippuric acid during uncontrolled (2-2.5 g/kg bw), low (1.2 g/kg bw for 12 days) and high (3-5 g/kg bw for 24 h) protein intake were determined by a standard clearance method employing continuous infusion and spontaneous voiding. There were no significant differences in GFR or ERPF during uncontrolled and low protein intake. During high protein intake the GFR and ERPF increased significantly in patients with GFRs above 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA and ERPFs above 150 ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA. It is concluded that these findings might indicate a functional reserve capacity in children with only moderately reduced renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Influence of the particle size on the adjuvant effect of particulate polymeric adjuvants.

The influence of the particle size of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene particles on the adjuvant effect of model vaccines was investigated in mice using bovine serum albumin as the antigen. The particle sizes of the adjuvants were between 62 and 306 nm. Smaller particles yielded a much better adjuvant effect than bigger particles. The adjuvant effect of the small polymer particles was better than that of 0.2% Al(OH)3. All adjuvants yielded a higher antibody response than the fluid antigen preparation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗