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Biomedical subjects

T Zimmermann

Publications and source records attributed to T Zimmermann.

231 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemiluminometric determination of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in comparison with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in follow-up of breast cancer.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in 314 sera of breast cancer patients and in 58 sera of women without breast cancer. VEGF was determined using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA) and the tumour markers TPA, CA 15-3 and CEA with an immunoluminometric assay (ILMA). The breast cancer patients were staged according to the TNM classification stages 0-IV (by UICC) in patient groups with a compatible prognosis. Median and range of each stage were investigated. The cut-off values (95th and 97.5th percentile of control group) of VEGF, TPA, CA15-3 and CEA were determined; sensitivities for each parameter and for all combinations of two parameters were investigated for these cut-offs and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. The differences between the control group and stages 0-3 were shown to be non-significant for CA 15-3 and CEA but significant for VEGF and TPA. Significant differences were found in stage 4 for VEGF and all three markers. The increase in sensitivity of VEGF from stage 0 to stage 3 and the decrease from stage 3 to stage 4 can be interpreted based on the role of VEGF in the angiogenesis. The quantification of VEGF could give additional information for selecting patients for systemic adjuvant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of free radicals and NO by chemiluminescence to identify the reperfusion injury in renal transplantation.

Oxygen free radicals are generated during the reperfusion of ischaemic organs. Several experimental studies have demonstrated that the damage produced by reperfusion can be prevented by a scavenger of free radicals. Furthermore, a significantly improved 5 year graft survival rate after cadaveric renal transplantation has been reported in patients treated with scavengers of free radicals (Land et al., 1993). Therefore, a question remains to be answered: whether a routine monitoring of the radical-mediated reperfusion injury with renal transplantation is useful, and whether there is a necessity for a generalized protective treatment in transplant patients. In a prospective trial, we evaluated a group of eight patients during and after renal cadaveric transplantation (three men, five women), using the chemiluminometric measurement of serum free radicals and NO. The serum quantities of free radicals and NO were significantly increased after reperfusion of the transplant kidney (p < 0.02). The mean time of noticeably increased levels of serum free radicals was 4.8 +/- 1.2 h after reperfusion. The results thus showed an increased liberation of free radicals in the peripheral blood of transplant recipients as possible evidence of free radicals-mediated reperfusion injury in renal transplantation. The generation of free radicals measured by chemiluminescence allow a controlled therapy to decrease the generation of free radicals with antioxidants during the early transplantation period e.g. in older recipients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nocturnal changes in cortisol, catecholamines, cAMP and histamine in children with nocturnal bronchial asthma and in healthy children].

We analyzed the concentration of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and C-AMP and urinary cortisol, histamine and creatinine in 28 children over a period from 4 p.m. to 8 a.m. 15 children were suffering from nocturnal asthma, 13 had no asthma problems. The cortisol-levels of both, the asthmatic and the healthy children were almost identical, the minimum cortisol-concentrations were found at 8 p.m. The concentration of plasma epinephrine in the asthmatic children was significantly higher than in the control group. Both groups showed minimum levels at 12 p.m. Plasma norepinephrine showed a continuous course with a raise in the early morning hours in both groups. Children without asthma had a continuous decrease of norepinephrine during the sleeping period and an increase in the early morning. Dopamine was significantly lower in the asthmatics. C-AMP was also on a lower level, but the difference between both groups was not significant. Histamine showed an extreme variability in the asthmatic children and was on higher levels during the whole period compared to the control group. The raised epinephrine levels in children with nocturnal asthma could be understood as compensation to a dysfunction of the receptor-transducer-adenylcyclase-complex of beta 2-receptors. A reduction of beta 2-receptors by anti-asthmatic therapy could also be responsible for these epinephrine levels. The significant difference in dopamine levels between children with and without nocturnal asthma is poorly understood. The increase of epinephrine and the decrease of dopamine could be caused by a modulated synthesis of catecholamines in children suffering from nocturnal asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioavailability of fluconazole in the skin after oral medication.

Fluconazole is an antimycotic drug which until now has been used mostly in the systemic therapy of yeast infections. We have now demonstrated the presence of this drug in various skin structures. After administration of 50 mg of fluconazole per day for 12 days to healthy volunteers, the following mean drug concentrations were measured: serum 1.81 micrograms ml-1, sweat 4.58 micrograms ml-1, dermis-epidermis (without stratum corneum) 2.77 micrograms g-1 and stratum corneum 73 micrograms g-1. Thus, 4 h after the last dose the antimycotic attains a 40-fold higher concentration in the stratum corneum than in serum. One week after ending the oral treatment, 5.8 micrograms g-1 fluconazole was present in stratum corneum. After daily ingestion of 200 mg of fluconazole for 5 days there was a further increase in the mean concentration of fluconazole in stratum corneum, to 127 micrograms g-1. Even 4-5 months after completing the oral treatment, fluconazole was detectable in the head hair and toenails of healthy volunteers. Fluconazole is eliminated from the stratum corneum about 2-3 times more slowly than from serum or plasma. After oral administration fluconazole evidently accumulated rapidly and intensively into the stratum corneum. The concentrations then attained or exceeded the in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations of fluconazole for most of the dermatophytes and yeasts which are involved in cutaneous mycoses.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new pharmaceutical concept for the treatment of oropharyngeal and oesophageal candidosis with fluconazole.

Administration of fluconazole in capsule form has proved effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of mucosal candidosis, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. An additional topical effect in oropharyngeal and oesophageal candidosis might be expected with a fluconazole suspension. This hypothesis was therefore tested in a crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers in whom the concentrations of the antimycotic were measured in saliva and plasma after oral administration of 100 mg fluconazole as either a capsule or a suspension. The time courses of the fluconazole concentrations were very similar with the two formulations in plasma, but significantly different in saliva. Thus, the mean Cmax for fluconazole in saliva of 551 micrograms ml-1 was reached 5 min after ingestion of the suspension, compared with a value of 3 micrograms ml-1 some 4 h after taking the capsule. The mean concentration of the antimycotic in saliva over the observation period (0-96 h) was more than 80% higher with the suspension than with the capsule.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in psychic and somatic well-being and cognitive capabilities of peri- and postmenopausal women after the use of a hormone replacement drug containing estradiol valerate and levonorgestrel.

A multicenter, prospective, open-label postmarketing surveillance study examined to what extent 2-month oral hormone replacement therapy (estradiol valerate and levonorgestrel; Klimonorm) could produce changes in psychosomatic well-being, self esteem and cognitive capabilities in 78 peri- and postmenopausal women. The women included were 42-58 years of age and had approached the physician due to climacteric symptoms. The following tests were used: Kupperman index, Menopause Rating Scale (MRS II), General Depression Scale (ADS), Zerssen's Symptom List (B-L), Frankfurt Self-Concept Scales (FSAL, FSAP, FSEG, FSSW), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), d2 Test of Attention and Number Square Test. The results showed a clear improvement in subjective psychosomatic well-being and improvements to a lesser extent in the concentration and cognitive capabilities in women in the third treatment cycle.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human microsporidiosis].

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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness and mechanism of action of isoprenaline sulfate and clemastine hydrogen fumarate on histamine wheal-induced pruritus. A placebo-controlled proband study].

In order to investigate the effect of a gel containing isoprenaline and a gel containing clemastine hydrogen fumarate on histamine-induced skin reactions compared with placebo, a histamine solution was injected intradermally in four given fields on the backs of 12 healthy volunteers 15 min and 60 min after application of the gel preparations. The study was controlled by a non-treated field on the volunteers' backs. The main points of interest in this study included the size of the erythema reaction, the capillary blood flow and onset and intensity of itching. With respect to the size of the erythema reaction, both clemastine hydrogen fumarate and isoprenaline proved more effective than placebo in most cases. This superiority was, in some cases, statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the gel preparations for the other parameters investigated. Clemastine hydrogen fumarate is regarded as a classical antihistamine, whereas a possible effect on the superficial circulation of the skin is being discussed for isoprenaline.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bronchial asthma in children].

Asthma occurs worldwide as a chronic disease of the lungs in children and in adult. Recently there were some reports on the increasing prevalence of asthma in children from western countries and from other areas of the world. There are numerous different triggers of asthma such as allergens, dust, gases, cold air, infections and malformations of the bronchial system. The release of preformed and new generated mediators is the cause of chronic inflammation in the lungs. The basic defect causing bronchial hyperreagibility of the lungs is still unknown. The therapy of asthma is a longtime treatment, the composition depends of the type and the severety of the asthma to be treated. In addition to the drug therapy, physiotherapy, asthmasports and appropriate climatic conditions are essential tools for the treatment of asthma. The aim of the therapy is a symptom free patient. The prognosis of children suffering from asthma is good.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of beta-stimulation and beta-1-blockade on the motility of the upper urinary tract].

18 patients with severe congestion of the urinary tract in pregnancy were treated by implantation of ureteral catheters for intermittend exoneration. Before and during the infusion of 2 micrograms/min Fenoterol the basal tone, the frequency and amplitude of the contractions of the renal pelvis were measured after retrograde filling with increasing volumes. 45 min after the i.v. application of 10 mg Metoprolol the measurements were repeated under the same conditions. During the infusion of Fenoterol there was a significant decrease of the frequency and amplitude of the contractions of the renal pelvis. Whereas at low retrograde filling volumes the basal tone in the renal pelvis decreased, at higher filling volumes - because of the concomittant deteriation of the urine transport capacity - an increase of the basal tone could be found. The relaxant effects of the beta-stimulation on the upper urinary tract could be diminished by the application of the beta-1-blocker Metoprolol; a complete compensation however was not possible.

Adolescent↗