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Biomedical subjects

T Young

Publications and source records attributed to T Young.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
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Allevyn adhesive.

Allevyn Adhesive is a development of Allevyn Hydrocellular produced by Smith & Nephew Healthcare. Allevyn Adhesive comprises three layers and has the same absorbency as Allevyn Hydrocellular. The dressing is waterproof and requires no secondary dressing, tape or bandages. It is able to conform to the most awkward body areas such as the sacrum, heels and elbows. It is suitable for use on a variety of exuding wounds and can be used in conjunction with a hydrogel for sloughy wounds.

Aged↗
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Prevention and management of pressure sores: role of education.

If and when the clinical practice guidelines on the prevention and management of pressure sores are launched by the Department of Health, nurse educationalists should be prepared for their implementation as they play a major role in educating nurses in this area and in ensuring that theory is translated into practice. This article discusses the issues surrounding educational requirements and addresses the problems of ensuring that education has a positive impact on clinical practice.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
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Classification of pressure sores: 1.

It is anticipated that the forthcoming national clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of pressure sores will attempt to clarify pressure sore classification. There are many classification systems available, but to date not one has emerged as all-encompassing. A classification system has to be sufficiently detailed to allow accurate assessment of pressure sores. So far this has been difficult to achieve, particularly for pressure sores that do not involve a break in the skin. The assessment forms the basis upon which the patient's care will be planned. There are ethical, legal and financial implications if the assessment is unable to reflect accurately the true nature of the patient's pressure sore. Nurses have attempted to integrate pressure sore classification into the holistic patient assessment process. Their attempts are often thwarted by the limitations of the classification systems currently available. As a result a patient's pressure sore is allocated a classification in which the criteria chosen are nearest to the visual description of the sore, but do not accurately represent the true extent of tissue damage. This article, the first of two parts, highlights the problems of patient assessment and the limitations of current classification systems.

Humans↗
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Dressing selection: use of combinations of wound dressings.

There are many wound dressing products available. In certain circumstances they are used in combination. In order to protect the patient, the use of dressing combinations should have a clear purpose and the support of the manufactures. Inappropriate combinations are costly and ineffective and serve only to perpetuate practice that does not have a sound research base. This article highlights the issues surrounding dressing selection and offers guidance on appropriate dressing combinations.

Bandages↗
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Pressure sores: incidence, risk assessment and prevention.

Pressure sores have a physiological basis which, in common with other disease processes, is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors unique to the individual. A comprehensive patient assessment will identify factors affecting the individual and consequently direct preventive intervention. The issue of pressure sores should be addressed at a patient, trust or regional level to ensure that preventive strategies/policies cross all healthcare boundaries. Identification of the size of the problem is the starting point upon which a preventive strategy can be built. A comprehensive strategy for pressure sore prevention has existed in the USA since 1992, and its contents demonstrate the multidisciplinary input required to develop and implement the recommendations. Nurses have a key role in the prevention of pressure sores; however, they need educational, managerial and financial support in order to function effectively within this role.

Humans↗
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Wound care in the accident and emergency department.

Wound assessment in the accident and emergency (A&E) department has a different focus from that in other clinical areas because of the lack of available clinical information about the patient. A wound may have had a greater-physical impact than is immediately apparent and therefore a comprehensive skin assessment is often necessary. The wound will require thorough exploration and debridement to enable healing to take place with minimal complications. The methods of debridement and cleansing used in the A&E department are often unique because of the complexity of wound contamination. The variety of wounds encountered in this setting necessitate a large repertoire of dressing regimens. Modern wound management products can be adapted to meet the needs of the wounded patient in the A&E department.

Bandages↗
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Management of the diabetic patient: causes of leg ulceration.

The diabetic patient is at risk of developing numerous complications, including foot ulceration. The ulcer may contain a neuropathic and ischaemic element. Regular preventive checks can assist in early detection of foot problems. Failing eye sight and absence of sensation often result in patients relying on the healthcare professional detecting abnormalities on their behalf. The long-term effects of foot ulceration in the diabetic patient are immobility, septicaemia and amputation. Treatment options exist for the neuropathic and ischaemic foot but they vary in complexity. Accurate assessment and early recognition of the clinical signs of neuropathy and ischaemic ulceration will ensure early detection and optimum treatment interventions for the diabetic patient.

Bandages↗
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The Flo-tech range of pressure-reducing cushions.

Early rehabilitation of bed-bound patients has highlighted the need for pressure-reducing seating to complement pressure-reducing mattresses. The technology within cushion manufacturing has responded with a customized contouring principle for cushions. This has previously only been available on an individual patient basis. The range of Flo-tech cushions has attempted to provide the general patient population with a cushion that will reduce pressure, provide support and improve posture. The importance of seating in pressure sore prevention cannot be overemphasized. The provision of pressure-reducing cushions can assist in providing a total package of pressure reduction for the patient.

Equipment Design↗
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Pressure area management in an orthopaedic setting.

Pressure area care for patients who have undergone a hip replacement is extremely difficult as patients' mobility tends to be restricted because of fear of dislocation. Orthopaedic surgeons influence the positional changes and techniques utilized by nurses in the postoperative period. This article reviews factors that prevent early rehabilitation and highlights methods of pressure relief for this patient group. Alternating-pressure mattresses are a main source of pressure-relieving equipment. A pilot study using the Nimbus II mattress was carried out to establish the role of alternating-pressure mattresses in the postoperative management of patients undergoing elective/emergency hip replacement surgery. None of the patients in the pilot study suffered prosthetic dislocation and 87% did not develop pressure sores. Three patients did develop a grade 2 pressure sore postoperatively. The results reinforce the use of alternating-pressure mattresses in the postoperative management of patients undergoing hip replacement surgery.

Aged↗
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Nursing management of skin grafts and donor sites.

Skin grafting is one of the most commonly used techniques in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The patient undergoing split-thickness skin grafting may pose a variety of wound care problems for the nurse. The issues that may need to be addressed include: the reasons for grafting; type of graft used; preoperative and postoperative care of the recipient and donor sites; and the provision of general measures required to promote wound healing and successful graft take for the patient.

Bandages↗
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[Staphylococcal colonization rate on neonatal nares and umbilical cord in a newborn nursery].

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most important gram positive pathogens found in a five-year study (1985-1989) of nosocomial infection in this hospital. They caused 56.2% of all nosocomial infections in this newborn nursery, particularly skin infections. To determine the reasons, and to decrease effectively the neonatal staphylococcal colonization rate, three different disinfection methods were selected for management of neonatal umbilical cords. A total of 1578 swabs from neonatal nares and umbilical cords were collected. During the first period no disinfectant was applied to the cord after bathing the baby. Beta-iodine in alcohol and bacitracin ointment were used for the second and the third periods, respectively. The result showed a significant difference (P less than 0.05) in staphylococcal colonization rate on neonatal umbilical cord using different disinfectants even after the first day. The same result for neonatal nares was also found, after infants had been in the nursery for two days. During the third period, no case of skin infection was found. Most Staphylococcus aureus isolated were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin. The percentage of this antibiogram found in neonatal nares and umbilical cords was 44% and 56% respectively. Besides nosocomial infection control and surveillance of medical personnel, environment, materials, instruments and isolation techniques, it is really necessary to choose an effective disinfectant (bacitracin ointment is recommended) to reduce the staphylococcal colonization in newborn nurseries.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
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[Tyrosinemia].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
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Early diagnosis of breast changes. Risk management and quality of care approach.

Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosis among women. Systematic use of mammography and other screening modalities can reduce mortality. The gap between potential benefit and clinical reality appears to be widening, however, as suggested by the fact that failure to diagnose is now the number one cause of malpractice lawsuits against physicians.

Breast Neoplasms↗