[Skin incision simulation at cerebral surgery planning system by using CT 3D images].
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Brain↗
Biomedical subjects
T Yasuda
Publications and source records attributed to T Yasuda.
Genetic polymorphism of human serum ribonuclease I (RNase I).
One of the human urinary ribonucleases (RNases) was isolated and purified to homogeneity (SDS-PAGE) by means of a series of column chromatographies. The enzyme, designated RNase 1, is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 16,000. Rabbit antibody to the purified RNase 1 reacted with human urine and sera, as well as with the purified RNase 1. The genetic polymorphism of serum RNase 1 was studied by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (IEF-PAGE) in a pH range of 5-8, followed by immunoblotting with antisera specific for RNase 1. Two common phenotypes, RNASE1 1 and RNASE1 1-2, were easily recognized. The homogeneous phenotype, RNASE1 1, consisted of four major bands with different pI values, and the heterogeneous phenotype, RNASE1 1-2, was presumed to represent a mixture of each of the homogeneous phenotypes 1 and 2; however, the other homogeneous phenotype, RNASE1 2, was not detected in our samples. Family studies are in agreement with an autosomal codominant transmission of the two alleles. Population studies indicate that the frequencies of the RNASE 1 and RNASE1 2 alleles are .988 and .012, respectively.
Adult↗
Cultured rat Schwann cells express low affinity receptors for nerve growth factor.
Schwann cell cultures prepared from postnatal Sprague-Dawley rat sciatic nerves were used to demonstrate the presence of specific receptors for the beta-subunit of nerve growth factor (NGF) on rat Schwann cells. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with a monoclonal antineuronal NGF receptor (NGFR) antibody indicated that NGFR antigen was expressed on the surface of Schwann cells but not of endoneurial fibroblasts. Studies with 125I-NGF confirmed this distribution of NGFR in the cultures and showed that the Schwann cell NGFR had a single NGF binding affinity (Kd of 1.8 x 10(-9) M). 125I-NGF binding by the cultured Schwann cells increased with time in vitro, reaching a plateau level on the 4th day, but decreased with increasing age, reaching 40% of the neonatal value in Schwann cells isolated from 12-day-old rats. Treatment of the cultures with NGF did not alter Schwann cell phenotype, survival or proliferation.
Animals↗
Production of neutral strange particles KS0
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Journal Article↗
Antitumor effect of adriamycin entrapped in liposomes conjugated with anti-human alpha-fetoprotein monoclonal antibody.
The monoclonal antibody, 19-F-12 (IgG2b), against human alpha-fetoprotein was conjugated to liposomes containing Adriamycin, and the therapeutic effects of the conjugate were experimentally studied using the alpha-fetoprotein-producing human hepatoma strain, Li-7, maintained in BALB/c nu/nu male mice. Three i.v. injections of liposomes containing Adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) into tumor-bearing mice significantly inhibited the tumor growth, and the therapeutic effect of the antibody-conjugated liposomes was greater than that of unconjugated liposomes, as judged from the tumor weights and histological findings. Furthermore, the experiments were repeated with Adriamycin (4-5 mg/kg) in free form, since administration of Adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) in free form was highly toxic for the mice. The results still indicated that the therapeutic effect of Adriamycin in 19-F-12 conjugated liposomes was superior to that of free Adriamycin or Adriamycin in unconjugated liposomes. In contrast to the treatment for Li-7 in nude mice, the therapeutic effect of Adriamycin in 19-F-12 conjugated liposomes was not much different from that of Adriamycin in normal mouse IgG (IgG2b fraction) conjugated liposomes against alpha-fetoprotein-negative human breast cancer strain MX1. Tissue distribution studies after i.v. injection of Adriamycin in various forms into mice revealed that preferential delivery of Adriamycin to tumors occurred to some extent with antibody-conjugated liposomes as compared to the unconjugated liposomes. In addition, reduction of the distribution of Adriamycin to the heart was achieved by administering the drug in the liposome-entrapped form, and this enabled the use of a higher dose (7.5 mg/kg) of Adriamycin without toxic side effect.
Animals↗
Tunneling spectroscopy of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu
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Journal Article↗
Cardiac response to daily activities and exercise in normal subjects assessed by an ambulatory ventricular function monitor.
The cardiac response to a variety of daily activities was assessed in 18 healthy adult subjects (mean age 31 years, range 21 to 39) with an ambulatory ventricular function monitor (VEST), which records serial beat-to-beat radionuclide and electrocardiographic data. The VEST was positioned and calibrated using data recorded during a multigated blood pool scan. It was worn for an average of 3.0 +/- 1.1 hours, while the subjects performed the following activities: sitting quietly (baseline); standing in place; walking; climbing stairs; bicycle or treadmill exercise; eating; sitting in a room at 4 degrees C for 20 minutes; and urinating. To calculate ejection fraction (EF), relative end-diastolic counts, relative cardiac output and heart rate, the beat-to-beat data were averaged over 15 to 30 seconds. Compared with baseline, standing increased EF by 0.03 +/- 0.04 and decreased end-diastolic volume by 10.9 +/- 4.7%. Walking and climbing stairs increased EF by 0.10 +/- 0.05 and 0.18 +/- 0.09, respectively, and increased end-diastolic volume by 7.8 +/- 5.3% and 12.8 +/- 4.3% (p less than 0.001). Eating increased EF by 0.02 +/- 0.03 and decreased end-diastolic volume by 11.3 +/- 6.1% (p less than 0.001). Cold stimuli and urinating decreased EF by 0.05 +/- 0.04 and 0.03 +/- 0.04, respectively (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.05). Serial left ventricular function monitoring during graded bicycle and treadmill exercise revealed a rapid increase in EF in the early stages of exercise, with no further change in the late stages. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure increased progressively with each successive stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Activities of Daily Living↗
Membrane-damaging action of staphylococcal alpha-toxin on phospholipid-cholesterol liposomes.
The mechanism of membrane damage by staphylococcal alpha-toxin was studied using carboxyfluorescein (internal marker)-loaded multilamellar liposomes prepared from various phospholipids and cholesterol. Liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin and cholesterol bound alpha-toxin and released carboxyfluorescein in a dose dependent manner, when they were exposed to alpha-toxin of concentrations higher than 1 or 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. In contrast, the other liposomes composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidylinositol plus cholesterol were not susceptible to the toxin even at high concentrations up to 870 micrograms/ml. The insensitive liposomes containing either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylglycerol were made sensitive to alpha-toxin by inserting phosphatidylcholine into the liposomal membranes. In addition, phosphorylcholine inhibited the toxin-induced marker release from liposomes. These results indicated that the choline-containing phospholipids are required for the interaction between alpha-toxin and liposomal membranes. Susceptibility of liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin increased with the increase in cholesterol contents of the liposomes. Based on these results, we propose that the choline-containing phospholipids are possible membrane components or structures responsible for the toxin-membrane interaction, which leads to damage of membranes. Furthermore, cholesterol may facilitate the interaction between alpha-toxin and membrane as a structural component of the membrane.
Bacterial Toxins↗
Positron emission tomographic evaluation of radiochemotherapeutic effect on regional cerebral hemocirculation and metabolism in patients with gliomas.
Hemocirculatory and metabolic changes in tumor regions and the remote brain structure were analyzed using oxygen-15 and fluorine-18 positron emission tomography (PET) in eight patients with gliomas after radiation and chemotherapy of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and N-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207). In the tumor regions after the radiochemotherapy, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral blood volume (rCBV) varied widely and there was a tendency for oxygen consumption (rCMRO2) to fall. The change in glucose consumption (rCMRG1) was especially noteworthy with regard to clinical correlations. Six patients with decreased rCMRG1 values had 16% to 29% regressions in tumor size measured by X-ray computerized tomography (CT), and showed some period of clinical relief. In contrast, one patient with an increased rCMRG1 value had some progression of tumor growth, and there were no clinical amelioration. The hemocirculation and metabolism of the contralateral gray matter seem to fluctuate by various factors as intracranial pressure and the effectiveness of the therapy. In gliomas therapy, tumor rCMRG1 values can be a good indicator of therapeutic effectiveness.
Adolescent↗
New detection method for uropepsinogen (PGA) using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting techniques.
Uropepsinogen (PGA) was isolated and purified from human urine using a column chromatography series. The purified PGA was injected into a rabbit and a PGA-specific antibody was obtained. PGA isozymogen in human urine could be detected reproducibly by immunoblotting using this antibody after isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF) on polyacrylamide gels. This technique may prove to be useful in the genetic study of PGA polymorphism.
Child↗
Newly characterized genetic polymorphism of uropepsinogen group A (PGA) using both isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting.
Genetic polymorphism of uropepsinogen group A (PGA) was characterized in human urine using a technique involving both polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting with an anti-PGA antibody. PGA was clearly separable into five fractions, termed I to V in order of decreasing anodal mobility. The most slowly migrating fraction V was composed of F (fast) and/or S (slow) band(s). The population frequencies of the three patterns of fraction V (F, FS, and S) and family studies indicated that PGA V is controlled by a pair of alleles, PGA V*F and PGA V*S, at a single autosomal locus, and that both are codominant. The frequencies of the genes are 0.07 for PGA V*F and 0.93 for PGA V*S.
Humans↗
Measurement of both left ventricular function and regional myocardial perfusion with 133Xe in dogs.
A technique to measure left ventricular (LV) function and myocardial perfusion was validated in 12 dogs. 133Xe in saline was injected into the left atrium (LA) or LV and two data sets were obtained using gamma camera imaging: 1) A first pass gated scan for LV function; followed by 2) Sequential images for regional myocardial perfusion. LV ejection fraction and wall motion measurements from the 133Xe blood pool images were compared to ejection fraction (r = 0.88, P less than 0.01) and wall motion (r = 0.83, P less than 0.01) data from 99mTc labeled blood pool scans. The perfusion measurements obtained with the 133Xe method were compared to microsphere data (r = 0.79, P less than 0.01). Measurements after LV 133Xe injection were similar to data following LA injection. Thus, quantitative assessment of global LV function, regional wall motion and myocardial perfusion is possible with LA or LV 133Xe injection and gamma camera imaging.
Animals↗
Evolutionary changes in left and right ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction.
To determine the evolutionary changes in right and left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction, 3 serial gated blood pool scans were performed in 76 patients within 24 hours (24 H), at 10 days (10 D) and 3 months (3 M) following the onset of myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into 3 groups: ANT (anterior MI), INF (inferior MI without right ventricular dysfunction) and RVF (inferior MI with right ventricular dysfunction). LVEF in ANT was significantly lower than that of INF and RVF at 24 H, 10 D and 3 M. The ratio of right ventricular volume to LV volume (RVV/LVV) was compared among 3 groups. The mean values of RVV/LVV in RVF were 1.3 through 24 H and 3 M and they were significantly higher than the other two groups. The RVV/LVV in ANT and INF were around 1.0. LVEDVI in RVF was rather smaller than that of ANT and INF. LVESVI in ANT at 24 H was significantly larger than that of INF and RVF and the mean value of LVESVI in ANT were around 60 ml/M2 from 24 H to 3 M. LVEF in ANT, RVF and INF did not increase significantly during peak exercise at 3 M. However, quantitative regional wall motion analysis revealed that regional wall motion of R2 (posterolateral wall motion) in ANT and R5 (septal wall motion) in INF decreased significantly during peak exercise. These impairments in regional wall motion might be due to the exacerbation of ischemia of non-infarcted area.
Adult↗
A simple and efficient liposome method for transfection of DNA into mammalian cells grown in suspension.
For a highly efficient plasmid transfection into mammalian cells grown in suspension, DNA was entrapped in liposomes prepared by the phosphatidylserine calcium-induced fusion method. Employing this technique, a transfection efficiency of about 2% was achieved, with 22 tk+-transformants obtained from 10(3) of mouse mammary carcinoma FM3Atk- cells transfected with a plasmid carrying the thymidine kinase (tk+) gene of the Herpes simplex virus. As compared with a previous report [Ayusawa et al., J. Biol. Chem. 258 (1983) 48-53], this transfection method was more than four orders of magnitude higher than the calcium phosphate method used for FM3Atk- cells. It was shown that the tk+ gene was integrated into the chromosomal DNA and was expressed in all the tk+-transformant clones tested. The described method could be applied to various types of DNA and cells, including those grown as monolayers.
Animals↗
Comparative properties of two clinical preparations of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
The biologic properties of two clinical preparations of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator were studied in 52 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The first preparation (G11021) has been used in all clinical trials reported to date, whereas the second preparation (G11035) is now produced for future clinical use. When both preparations were infused intravenously for 90 minutes at rates of 4 to 11 micrograms/kg per min, plateau levels of the drug in plasma ranged from 0.52 +/- 0.15 to 1.8 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml and were linearly correlated with the infusion rate. However, G11035 yielded plasma levels that were approximately 35% lower than those obtained with G11021 (p less than 0.025). The postinfusion disappearance rate of the drug from plasma could be described by a two compartment disposition model with the following pharmacokinetic variables. For G11021, an alpha half-life of 4.1 to 6.3 minutes, a beta half-life of 41 to 50 minutes, a central compartment volume of 3.5 to 5.4 liters, a total distribution volume of 28 to 44 liters and a plasma clearance of 450 to 640 ml/min. For G11035 these variables were 3.6 to 4.6 minutes, 39 to 53 minutes, 3.8 to 6.6 liters, 27 to 40 liters and 520 to 1,000 ml/min, respectively, indicating that G11035 is cleared more rapidly from the circulation. G11021 at 4 micrograms/kg per min and G11035 at 7 micrograms/kg per min did not effectively produce thrombolysis. A coronary reperfusion rate of 81% (13 of 16 patients) was obtained with 5.3 micrograms/kg per min of G11021 and a rate of 86% (6 of 7 patients) was obtained with 9.4 micrograms/kg per min of G11035.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
Thrombolytic therapy for unstable angina pectoris: rationale and results.
The coronary lesion in unstable angina consists of disrupted atherosclerotic plaque with nonocclusive intraluminal thrombus, which frequently persists despite heparin anticoagulation. A 12 hour infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator combined with heparin effectively lyses the thrombus and stabilizes the clinical syndrome but is associated with a high incidence of bleeding. Therapeutic schemes of thrombolytic therapy associated with a lower bleeding frequency may be useful for the treatment of unstable angina.
Angina Pectoris↗
Free D-amino acids in human plasma in relation to senescence and renal diseases.
Minute but appreciable amounts of D-amino acids were detected in normal human plasma. The content was significantly higher in an elderly population (age 76 +/- 6 years, mean +/- SD, n = 41) than in a younger group (age 42 +/- 4 years, n = 26), i.e. 6.9 +/- 4.8 nmol/ml (mean +/- SD, range 0-18.8 nmol/ml) and 2.5 +/- 1.8 nmol/ml (range 0-6.3 nmol/ml) for the elderly and the younger groups, respectively. Elevation of plasma D-amino acid level was observed in a group of patients with renal disease (3.6-52.6 nmol/ml), in proportion to the serum level of creatinine (n = 50, r = 0.726, P less than 0.001), beta 2-microglobulin (n = 34, r = 0.551, P less than 0.005), and to glomerular filtration rate (n = 39, r = 0.556, P less than 0.001).
Adult↗
Purification of a young age-related glycoprotein (Ugl-Y) from normal human urine.
Ugl-Y is a glycoprotein that is detected in normal urine samples from young men and women aged 0 to 17 years. It was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and various column chromatographies including affinity chromatography using anti-adult urine antibody coupled to Sepharose 4B. The homogeneity of the glycoprotein was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, column chromatography on Sephadex G-75, and the precipitation reaction with anti-Ugl-Y antibody. It was shown to have a molecular weight of 29,000 by gel filtration, and to contain 5.2% neutral sugars (mannose and galactose) and 4% hexosamine (glucosamine). Amino acid analysis of the glycoprotein indicated high contents of acidic and hydroxylic amino acids. Its origin is unknown.
Aging↗