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Biomedical subjects

T Yao

Publications and source records attributed to T Yao.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Thyroid neoplasia and familial adenomatous polyposis/Gardner's syndrome.

This study was conducted to clarify the actual morbidity and clinicopathologic features of thyroid neoplasia in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. We analyzed the clinical records of 49 Japanese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed at our institute. Six of these patients had thyroid neoplasias (3 carcinomas, 2 adenomas, and 1 of unknown histology). Among 17 patients (11 men and 6 women) who had been examined by thyroid ultrasonography or in whom postmortem examination was performed; we categorized 6 patients with thyroid tumor as the TT group, and the remaining 11 without thyroid tumor as the NTT group. The clinical features of the two groups were compared. Thyroid neoplasia was detected by physical examination in 2.3% of 43 patients so examined and was detected in 25% of 8 patients examined by thyroid ultrasonography, and in 44% of the 9 patients subjected to postmortem examination. There were no significant differences between the TT and NTT groups in gender; age at first admission, colectomy, and last follow-up visit; number of colonic polyps; or in presence of colorectal cancers, gastroduodenal adenomas, gastric fundic gland polyposis, retinal pigmented lesions, or extraintestinal tumors. The thyroid gland is frequently affected in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, but there may be no association between thyroid neoplasia and other clinical manifestations.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1997

Improved prognosis of solid-type poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study.

AIMS: We rarely encounter solid-type poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma, and their histogenesis and biological behaviour are not fully disclosed. METHODS AND RESULTS: A review of 60 poorly differentiated carcinomas of the colorectum was undertaken, 36 (59%) of which were located in the right side of the colorectum. Although, on the basis of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification solid carcinomas are included among undifferentiated carcinomas, the poorly differentiated carcinomas were divided into four types; 27 solid carcinomas (Sol.), 17 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (PDA), six signet-ring cell carcinomas (Sig,) and 10 mucinous carcinomas (Muc.). Solid carcinomas revealed a solid alveolar growth of fairly uniformly sized tumour cells with occasional mitotic figures. This type of tumour had a relatively lower percentage of lymphatic permeation and lymph node metastasis compared with the other three types. The 5-year survival rates were 31% for all poorly differentiated carcinomas, 47% for the Sol. type, 32% for the PDA type, and 0% for both the Sig. and the Muc. types, with a rate of 72% for well-differentiated adenocarcinomas selected as controls. Immunohistochemically, bcl-2 protein expression was demonstrated in 38% of the Sol. type, but in only 12% of the other three non-solid types, this difference being significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that solid carcinomas of the colorectum should be regarded as a distinct type of poorly differentiated carcinoma, leading to a good prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Long-term outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation in obstructive gastroduodenal Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although balloon dilation is widely used in nonmalignant pyloric stenosis, little information is available on either the short-term or long-term results of this type of therapy in patients with obstructive gastroduodenal Crohn's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients with Crohn's disease who had obstructive gastroduodenal lesions were treated using endoscopic balloon dilation. RESULTS: All the initial dilations successfully provided symptomatic relief. However, three of the five patients developed recurrent obstructive symptoms during a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years. Due to symptomatic recurrence, three patients required successive or regularly scheduled repeat balloon dilations, which were successful without any complications, and all of the patients were able to avoid surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that over a prolonged period of time, patients who have undergone balloon dilation for obstructive gastroduodenal Crohn's disease have a high rate of recurrence of symptomatic gastric obstruction. However, repeat dilations are successful in continuing to prevent the need for surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis/Gardner's syndrome.

To clarify the clinical risk of desmoid tumors developing in familial adenomatous polyposis, we reviewed the cases of 49 Japanese patients diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis at our institute. In six patients who manifested desmoid tumors at a mean age of 31 years, we reviewed the clinical features and compared various phenotypic manifestations with those in the 43 patients without desmoid tumors. During the observation periods (mean, 6.5 years), two of six patients with desmoid tumors died because of the tumors, which measured > 10 cm in diameter at the initial diagnosis, whereas the remaining four patients with desmoid tumors < 5 cm did not experience complications. The patients with desmoid tumors tended to be women (5 of 6 vs. 17 of 43; p = 0.05) and more frequently had gastric fundic gland polyposis (5 of 6 vs. 17 of 43; p = 0.05) than did the patients without desmoid tumors. There were no apparent differences in other clinical manifestations, including the incidences of colonic polyposis, gastroduodenal adenomas, and extraintestinal tumors. Desmoid tumors can be serious complication in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. There may be some association in the genesis of desmoid tumors and gastric fundic gland polyposis.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1997

Strip biopsy to treat esophageal granular cell tumor.

Esophageal granular cell tumors are rare neoplasms. We successfully treated a 35-year-old Japanese man with an esophageal granular cell tumor without any complications using strip biopsy. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic tumor with a diameter of 8 mm that was confined to the submucosal layer. A strip biopsy done with a two-channel endoscope completely resected the tumor. Six months later, no abnormal findings were recognized in the resected area. Therefore we propose that strip biopsy be considered as a viable alternative treatment for esophageal granular cell tumor, depending on the histologic character, tumor size, and depth of tumor infiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Diffuse cystic malformation and neoplasia-associated cystic formation in the stomach. Endosonographic features and diagnosis of tumor depth.

We have evaluated the endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) features of cystic malformation of the stomach and the depth of associated neoplasia. We included 15 patients with multiple cystic components identified on EUS: 6 patients with multiple cysts restricted focally to gastric neoplasia and 9 patients with diffusely distributed cysts. We categorized the former findings as focal cystic malformation (FCM), and the latter as diffuse cystic malformation (DCM) of the stomach and reviewed the endosonographic features. Both FCM and DCM tended to show male preponderance and develop in older patients. Cystic changes in FCM extended from the neoplastic lesion to the submucosa regardless of the location in the stomach. Diffuse cystic malformation was located predominantly in the gastric body and mainly was shown as the thickened submucosa and/or deep mucosa with multiple cystic components. The boundary between the mucosal layer or the tumor echo and the submucosal layer was indistinct in eight patients, which led to a lower accuracy in EUS diagnosis of tumor depth. Diffuse cystic malformation has characteristic EUS features and occasionally is accompanied by gastric neoplasia. Endoscopic ultrasonography is inaccurate in determining tumor depth when multiple submucosal cysts are present.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Juvenile polyposis of the stomach: clinicopathological features and its malignant potential.

AIMS: To clarify a clinical entity of juvenile polyposis of the stomach compared with generalised juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis. METHODS: The clinicopathological features of juvenile polyposis dominantly involving the stomach at initial presentation were reviewed in 12 patients (three new patients and nine from the literature). These were compared with 29 cases of generalised juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis. RESULTS: There were three men and nine women with juvenile polyposis of the stomach, aged 10-63 years. Hypoproteinaemia was present in nine patients, anaemia in seven, and a family history of intestinal polyposis in seven. No patient presented with a congenital abnormality. During the observation period, two patients developed colonic juvenile polyps. Gastric polyps invariably affected the antrum and extended to the fundus, eventually becoming more numerous, larger, and more pedunculated. Ten patients required gastrectomy for associated malignancy or uncontrolled protein losing gastropathy. Histological examinations of the resected specimens demonstrated neoplastic tissue arising from juvenile polyps in four of the 12 patients. Atypism in these mixed polyps varied from adenoma to well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Juvenile polyposis of the stomach has malignant potential, and may be a separate entity from generalised juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Tableting of coated particles. I. Small particle size chitosan as an agent protecting coating membrane from mechanical damage of compression force.

Formulation of sustained release tablets containing coated particles whose coating membrane is not damaged during compression was studied and several kinds of chitosan of different particle size were evaluated as protective agents for the membrane. Comparison was made with the dissolution rate of the coated particles. Ethylcellulose or ethylcellulose/hydroxypropylcellulose was chosen as a coating agent. When the coated particles were compressed with the small particle size chitosan (Marine Chito), the coating membrane was not ruptured, and the protective effect was not influenced by the compression pressure. Both the Eudragit RS-coated particles and the tablets manufactured by compressing the coated particles with Marine Chito were orally administered to dogs, and the plasma theophylline levels of the two dosage forms were compared to determine the drug release characteristics in the gastrointestinal tract. It was found that the plasma concentration-time curve of the tablets coincided with that of the coated particles, and the compressed tablet would disintegrate instantly and redisperse into many particles in the body after oral administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Mechanical ventilation therapy with permissive hypercapnia on ARDS].

OBJECTIVE: Study of mechanical ventilation (MV) therapy of ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). METHODS: Ten cases of ARDS were observed. Depending on patients' kidney compensation for respiratory acidosis, low tidal volume (VT, mean = 6.5 ml/kg) was used and certain respiratory acidosis was permitted in order to decrease airway plateau pressure and lung barotrauma. On the premise of keeping patients' PaO2 about 7.3 kPa (1 kPa = 7.5 mmHg), lowest possible FiO2 (mean = 0.51) and PEEP (mean = 0.92 kPa, 1 kPa = 10.2 cmH2O) were used. RESULTS: Seven of the ten survived. Three of them had respiratory acidosis and two had lung barotrauma during MV. CONCLUSION: Using lower VT and permitting certain respiratory acidosis are worthy to be considered in MV therapy of ARDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Chiral separation of racemic 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin by RP-HPLC using eluents containing beta-cyclodextrin].

A chiral RP-HPLC method was developed to assay the 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-Phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) enantiomers, the major metabolite of antiepileptic drug phenytoin, in rat hepatic microsomes. A 50 mm FLC-C8 column was used as the analytical column, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) as chiral mobile phase additive and phenobarbital as the internal standard. The detection wavelength was 250 nm. The linear range of p-HPPH enantiomers was 0.5-110 mg/L. The detection limit was 5 ng (S/N = 3). The recoveries of S- and R-p-HPPH were 93.6% +/- 2.8% and 94.7% +/- 1.8% respectively. The RSD within day and between days were less than 2%. The concentration of beta-CD played an important role in separating chiral enantiomers. When the concentration of beta-CD was between 8.8 and 13.2 mmol/L the resolution of p-HPPH enantiomers had the largest value Rs = -1.1. In this work, 8.8 mmol/L beta-CD solution (4 g beta-CD, 6 g urea, and 1.5 g ammonium acetate in 400 mL water) was selected in considering some factors such as column efficiency, solubility of beta-CD etc. Urea can increase the solubility of beta-CD. When urea: beta-CD = 1:1-1.5:1 (g/g), the solubilization of beta-CD was significant. Methanol concentration in mobile phase affected retention time, resolution of p-HPPH enantiomers and solubility of beta-CD.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Beclomethasone dipropionate administration via cecostomy in ulcerative colitis.

Beclomethasone dipropionate was administered via a cecostomy to four patients with active ulcerative colitis that was refractory to conventional glucocorticosteroid therapy. From a tube cecostomy, beclomethasone dipropionate solution was administered continuously throughout the day. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and endoscopic and/or radiographic findings markedly improved within 1-2 wk. A serial decrease in the index of disease activity was observed from the time administration began (mean score, 226.0) to 2 wk later (137.4 points). An excellent clinical response was recognized without any significant side effects, and the urgent need for total colectomy was avoided in all four patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Quantitative evaluation of diabetic gastrointestinal paresis by measuring transit time of the stomach and the digestive canal].

Our subjects comprised eighty six diabetes mellitus (DM) patients without severe complication. To evaluate gastrointestinal motility quantitatively, we measured gastric emptying time by acetaminophen (APAP) method using serum APAP value and oro-cecal transit time (OCTT) by lactulose hydrogen breath test in the subjects and normal controls (NC). Comparing DM patients and NC, mean APAP value was lower and mean OCTT was prolonged in the former. Analysing DM patients' background, patients with peripheral neuropathy had prolonged OCTT than patients without neuropathy did. Comparing patients with higher HbA1c levels and patients with normal HbA1c levels, mean APAP value, which was closer to normal levels, was higher in the former. Analysing symptoms, some of them were apparently related to abnormal gastrointestinal motility. From these results, it was concluded that measuring both gastric emptying and OCTT was a useful method to evaluate slight abnormal motility in DM patients.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1997

[Enteral nutrition and total parenteral nutrition in Crohn's disease; factors influencing induction of remission].

The aim of this study was to clarify factors influencing the induction of remission and to compare the short term remission rate of EN with that of TPN. From 1985 to 1992, 87 active patients treated for more than 4 weeks with EN and 71 active patients treated with TPN were analysed. Excluding the case with severe complications (abdominal abscess, external fistula, sub-ileus), 132 patients were divided to two groups (patients with remission and non-remission) based on clinical response to the treatment. Remission was defined as Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) < 150 and ESR < 20 mm/hr after 4 weeks of treatment. Clinical characteristics and radiographic findings were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the relative importance of various clinical or radiographic factors associated with remission. Remission rate at four weeks with EN was 77% and that with TPN was 62%. By a multiple logistic regression analysis using 15 factors, which were significant by a single variable analysis, four factors (times of previous nutritional treatment, IOIBD, WBC, polyposis score of the colon) in EN cases and three factors (ESR, platelets, extent of Crohn's disease) in TPN cases were selected as independent prognostic factors after adjusting for the effect of other factors. Moreover, mode of therapy was not selected as a valuable factor. From the above mentioned results, it was concluded that EN and TPN were equivalent in the efficacy of short-term therapy and patients having had several previous nutritional therapy, high IOIBD score, high WBC count, severe cobblestoning of the colon were tended to be resistant to EN therapy and high ESR value, high platelet count, broader extent of Crohn's disease were tended to be resistant to TPN therapy. Both clinical and radiographic features are important prognostic factors in predicting response to nutritional therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Quantitative analysis of mRNA level by PCR method using single basemutated template as inner standard].

Using simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, a single base changed mutant was generated, to which an EcoR I restriction site was added at a specific position of the primer template. The copies of the mutant could be quantified after amplification by PCR. Then the diluted mutant used as an inner standard was added into the samples to be detected. In the same PCR reaction, the mutated and primer template DNA were amplified. After digestion by EcoR I, the PCR products were electrophoresed in 2% agarose gel. The DNAs of different size were separated by electrophoresis and the copies of the primer template in the samples was quantified. The experimental results showed that the cDNA copies of AVP V1 receptor in reverse transcription products from 1 microgram of total RNA isolated from liver tissue of Sprague Dawley rats was about 1.25 x 10(-20) mol.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of stressful stimulations on hypothalamic vasopressin mRNA level of rats].

Experiments were carried out in stressful foot shock and noise stimulated male Sprague Dawlay rats. 3'-end digoxigenin-labeled 26 mer oligonucliotide probe was used to detect the vasopressin (AVP) mRNA in hypothalamic tissues. Dot blotting technique was used in the assessment of AVP mRNA level. The results showed that the tail systolic arterial pressure of rats increased gradually after stressful stimulations of foot shock in combination with noise. The difference in tail systolic blood pressure between control and stimulated rats was statistically significant after 5-day stimulation. By the ninth day, the systolic blood pressure of the stressed rats reached the highest level and maintained thereafter for several days. No significant difference was observed in the AVP-mRNA level between control and stressed rats by the time when stimulated for 4 days, but it significantly increases when stimulated for 6 days or longer (by the 6th day: P < 0.005; by the 15th day: P < 0.001). No difference was found in plasma osmolalities between control and stressed animals. These results indicate that the stressful foot shocks in combination with noise stimulations may cause an increase in AVP-mRNA level in the hypothalamus, which was accompanied by an increase in systolic arterial pressure. The mechanism of increase in AVP-mRNA level upon stress stimulation remains to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of indomethacin suppositories on rectal polyposis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

BACKGROUND: Oral sulindac is known to reduce polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The authors speculated that rectal administration of indomethacin would be effective therapy for adenomas in the rectal remnant of FAP. METHODS: Eight patients with FAP who had been treated by total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis were administered an indomethacin suppository (50 mg) once or twice daily during a period of 4 or 8 weeks. The number of polyps at the same site within the rectum was counted under proctoscopy prior to, at the end of, and after the treatment. In four patients, proliferative activity of the rectal mucosa was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for MIB-1. RESULTS: In six of the eight patients who initially had ten or more polyps, the number of polyps decreased to fewer than five, whereas such a decrease could not be observed in the remaining two patients. In the six patients, the number of polyps increased after indomethacin was discontinued. The proliferative activity of the rectal mucosa was higher at the end of treatment than it was prior to indomethacin administration. CONCLUSIONS: Indomethacin suppositories may be effective in the management of rectal adenomatosis in patients with FAP.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗