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T Yano

Publications and source records attributed to T Yano.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Changes in the chest on CT examinations after endoscopic intravascular sclerotherapy of the esophageal varices].

Between June 1985 and December 1986, 24 endoscopic intravascular sclerotherapies (5% ethanolamine oleate) were carried out in 17 patients. CT examinations were performed prior to and within 48 hours after all procedures. 1. Esophageal wall thickening was demonstrated by CT scanning within 48 hours after all 24 procedures. Mean diameter of the esophagus before sclerotherapy was 27mm, and after operation, 49mm. Changes of esophageal wall were: 1) 8 cases of the homogeneous wall thicking (33%), 2) 4 localized low density lesions in the wall (17%), and 3) 12 low density lesions of extraesophageal wall in the mediastinum (5%). Chest pain, high fever and esophageal mucosal ulcerlation were seen in patients who had low density lesions of extra-esophageal wall. 2. Pleural effusion occurred after 20 of the 24 procedures (84%). Various pulmonary changes were recognized: Ten cases of atelectasis (42%), 16 dilatations of peripheral pulmonary vessels (66%), and 5 small nodular or irregular shadow (21%). Changes in the mediastinum and pleural space were ascribed to spreading of inflammation from the esophagus, but the changes in the lung field, especially dilatation of peripheral vessels, suggested the penetration of the sclerosant into the lung periphery on the blood stream of pulmonary vessels. 3. CT showed changes of the mediastinum after all 24 procedures (100%), but X-ray examination revealed dilatation of the mediastinum only after 2 procedures (8%). Changes in the pleural space and in the lung field on CT were recognized after 20 procedures (92%), but only after 12 procedures (50%) by X-ray examination. In particular, X-ray examination failed to show shadows on the lung field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Molecular analysis of the short arm of chromosome 3 in small-cell and non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

Previous studies have suggested that the loss of DNA sequences on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) is associated with small-cell lung carcinoma. We therefore looked for loss of 3p alleles in tumor tissue from 42 patients with either small-cell or non-small-cell lung carcinoma. All 13 patients with small-cell lung carcinoma who were heterozygous for one or more alleles at 3p in normal tissue had the loss of at least one codominant allele in the tumor tissue. Cell lines of small-cell lung carcinoma from an additional eight patients were homozygous for 3p alleles; this result was significantly different from the predicted frequency of homozygosity. The tumor tissue studied included cell lines of small-cell lung carcinoma obtained from biopsy specimens, an autopsy sample, and an excised lymph node containing tumor cells. Loss of alleles at 3p was observed in tumor samples obtained before and after chemotherapy. Four of 15 evaluable patients with non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung had loss of 3p alleles. We conclude that loss of alleles at 3p is a change found consistently in small-cell lung carcinoma and occasionally in non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

Antitumor activity of pleural cavity macrophages and its regulation by pleural cavity lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer.

Antitumor activities of pleural cavity macrophages (PCM) and pleural cavity lymphocytes (PCL) in lung cancer patients were examined. The effect of coculture supernatants of PCL and autologous tumor cells on the cytostatic activity of macrophages was also examined. Cytostatic activity of PCM was not affected by an advance of metastasis to regional lymph nodes or increase of tumor size and difference of histological type. However, the cytostatic activity of PCM was markedly augmented when pleural invasion was limited to within the visceral pleura although it was low when pleural invasion was absent or extended beyond the visceral pleura. On the other hand, PCL did not exert any cytolytic activity against various tumor target cells. However, coculture supernatants of PCL and autologous tumor cells exhibited the activity of macrophage-activating factor against guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, the higher the cytostatic activity of PCM, the higher the macrophage-activating factor activity of the coculture supernatant of PCL and autologous tumor cells was. These results suggested that antitumor activity of PCM was controlled by specifically sensitized PCL through lymphokines.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Immunoaffinity purification and characterization of nucleotide pyrophosphatase from human placenta.

Nucleotide pyrophosphatase [EC 3.6.1.9] was purified to homogeneity from human placenta using a monoclonal antibody affinity column. By sodium dodecylsulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme showed a major band at a molecular size of 130 K. The enzyme was a glycoprotein with N-linked oligosaccharides consisting of both complex- and oligomannoside-types. Substrate specificity to hydrolyze phosphodiester and phosphosulfate linkages as well as other properties were similar to those of nucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase from other sources.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells by intrapleural instillations of recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with malignant pleurisy due to lung cancer.

Intrapleural instillations of recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL-2) were performed in 11 patients with malignant pleurisy due to lung cancer. Kinetic studies on RIL-2 concentration in the pleural effusion and serum revealed relatively long-term maintenance of detectable levels of RIL-2 (over 24 h in the pleural effusion and over 8 h in the serum). Clinically, pleural effusions and cancer cells in the effusions disappeared in 9 of the 11 patients 4 to 10 days after the start of the treatment. Lymphokine-activated killer cells were induced in the effusions of responders who exhibited the disappearance of pleural effusion and cancer cells from the effusion, but not in those of the nonresponders. This induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells may result in the disappearance of cancer cells and pleural effusions. Cytological examination of pleural effusions revealed increases of lymphoblasts, immunoblastic large lymphocytes, and eosinophiles in number and proportion in the responder, although such a phenomenon could not be observed in the nonresponders. Main and frequent side effects of intrapleural instillations of RIL-2 were fever up to 39 degrees C, transient increase of pleural effusion, and eosinophilia. No serious side effect was encountered in our experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Role of antitumor activity of alveolar macrophages in lung cancer patients.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the significance of antitumor activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) in lung cancer patients. AM from tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing segments were obtained separately by the lavage of bronchoalveolar tracts of resected lungs of 74 patients with primary lung cancer. Cytostatic activity (CTS) of AM obtained from non-tumor-bearing segments was stable in spite of enlargement of tumor size or progression of N factor. In contrast, CTS of AM obtained from tumor-bearing segments may be augmented at Stage II as compared with Stage I, and suppressed with an advance of stage from II through IV, although the number of Stage II patients was as small as three. Moreover, CTS of AM from tumor-bearing segments was suppressed in N2 as compared with N0 or N1, and also it was suppressed as compared with that of AM from non-tumor-bearing segments in N2 disease. CTS of AM from smokers was suppressed as compared with that of nonsmokers in both tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing segments. These results suggest that lung cancer cells or their products may suppress antitumor activity of AM in the tumor-bearing segments at advanced stages, and cigarette smoking is a suppressive factor on antitumor activity of AM.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Man's place in Hominoidea as inferred from molecular clocks of DNA.

Divergence dates among primates were estimated by molecular clock analysis of DNA sequence data. A molecular clock of eta-globin pseudogene was calibrated by setting the date of divergence between Catarrhini and Platyrrhini at 38 million years (Myr) ago. The clock gave dates of 25.3 +/- 2.4, 11.9 +/- 1.7, 5.9 +/- 1.2, and 4.9 +/- 1.2 Myr ago ( +/- refers to standard error) for the separation of rhesus monkey, orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee, respectively, from the line leading to humans. In placing confidence intervals of the estimates in a robust way, a bootstrap method was used. The 95% confidence intervals are 20.5-29.5, 9.0-14.8, 4.1-7.8, and 3.1-7.0 Myr ago for the separation of rhesus monkey, orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee, respectively. By a molecular clock dating of the Prosimii-Anthropoidea splitting, it was suggested that the evolutionary rate of the eta-globin gene was high early in primate evolution and subsequently decreased in the line of Anthropoidea. And, by a relative rate test using bootstrap sampling, the possibility of further decrease of the rate (more than 10%) in the line of Hominoidea compared with that of Cercopithecoidea was suggested. Therefore, the above dating of the splittings within Hominoidea may be biased slightly toward younger dates. On the other hand, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) seems to have evolved in mammals with a more uniform rate than the eta-globin gene. The ratio of the dates of orangutan splitting to chimpanzee splitting is larger for the mtDNA clock than that for the eta-globin clock, suggesting the possibilities of mtDNA introgression among the early hominids and the early African apes, and/or of mtDNA polymorphism within the common ancestral species of orangutan and the African apes that obscures the date of the true species separation of orangutans.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Rebleeding of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the acute stage.

We analyzed early aneurysmal rebleeding in 150 consecutive patients who suffered an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and who were admitted within 6 hours of the initial SAH. Of these patients, 33 patients rebled. The first rebleed occurred within 24 hours in 29 patients, among whom 23 cases rebled within 6 hours. The rebleeding rate within 6 hours after the initial SAH was not related to age or sex of the patient; blood pressure on admission; size, shape, or site of aneurysm; or presence or absence of intracerebral hematoma or intraventricular hemorrhage on computed tomography (CT) scan. The patients' clinical condition and SAH on CT scan were graded I-V. Evaluation of rebleeding of those patients with grade V was difficult. In examining the rebleeding rate in grades I-IV, the higher the grade, the greater the rebleeding. Rebleeding developed during angiography conducted within 6 hours from the initial SAH in four cases. This is approximately twofold higher than the rebleeding rate within 6 hours for the total series. It is concluded that rebleeding in the acute stage is predominant within 6 hours from the initial SAH and that this rebleeding rate is higher the more severe the initial SAH is.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly with other defects. A necropsy case of Meckel syndrome and a review of literature.

Meckel syndrome, which is diagnosed by 2 of 3 main congenital malformations such as a occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly, is an autosomally inherited recessive disease. We have experienced a case of Meckel syndrome and performed necropsy. Necropsy findings revealed multiple congenital malformations with occipital meningo-encephalocele and agenesis of the cerebellum, 6 digits on the hands and feet, polycystic kidneys. The criteria of Meckel syndrome is still unclear. We propose that the diagnosis of this syndrome may be accompanied by the presence of all triad of main malformations. Ninety four cases satisfying this criteria have been reported in the world literature. Several discussion were made from a review of the literature.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Multiple regression analysis of sixteen risk factors including serum apolipoproteins in angiographically documented coronary artery disease.

Multiple regression analysis of 16 risk factors, including serum apolipoproteins in angiographically measured coronary stenosis, was carried out in 239 consecutive patients (159 males and 80 females, ranging in age from 30-80 years and mean 56.4 years) who underwent coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease during the past five years (1981-1985). The risk factors (independent variables) were age, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C/TC, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, E, YRSMOK (average number of packs per day X years of smoking), weight index (WI), glucose tolerance (GT), and blood pressure (BP). Severity of coronary atherosclerosis was scored as the extent of disease seen at arteriography (coronary score: CS). The order of importance of risk factors to CS in the five groups of subjects studied were as follows. (1) All patients: YRSMOK greater than Apo A-I greater than TC greater than GT, (2) Male group: Apo A-I greater than TC greater than Age greater than GT, (3) Female group: TC, (4) Young group (age below 54 years): BP greater than YRSMOK, and (5) Old group (age over 55 years): YRSMOK greater than TG greater than TC greater than GT. The results clearly indicated the importance of Apo A-I but not other apolipoproteins including Apo B in males, and that of blood pressure in the young group of the patients studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The differences in CO2 kinetics during incremental exercise among sprinters, middle, and long distance runners.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in kinetics of CO2 output (VCO2) during incremental exercise in sprinters (S), middle (MD), and long distance runners (LD). In the steady state exercise, the VCO2 was linearly related to the O2 uptake (VO2). In the incremental exercise below anaerobic threshold (AT), the VCO2 was also linearly related to the VO2. The difference between the VCO2 estimates from the regression lines obtained in steady state and incremental exercise was added from the start of exercise up to a given time. The added values were defined as CO2 stores. The CO2 stores per body weight were significantly related to mixed venous CO2 pressure (PVCO2) determined by the CO2 rebreathing method. The slopes of the regression lines between PVCO2 and CO2 stores per body weight were not different among three groups. If VCO2 above AT is estimated from the VO2 using the regression line obtained in incremental exercise below AT, the estimated VCO2 is lower than the measured VCO2. The sum of the differences in VCO2 up to a given time was defined as CO2 excess. The CO2 excess per body weight was significantly related to delta LA (the difference between blood lactates at 5 min after exercise and at rest). The ratios of CO2 excess per body weight to delta LA were 3.30 +/- 1.49, 4.16 +/- 2.33, and 5.55 +/- 2.05 for sprinters, middle, and long distance runners, respectively. This ratio obtained in sprinters was significantly lower than that in long distance runners (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Changes in intra- and extracellular potassium and intracellular sodium activities induced by repetitive stimulation and their relation to membrane potential in guinea-pig papillary muscle.

We measured changes in membrane potential (MP), extra- and intracellular potassium and intracellular sodium ion activities (aKo, aKi, and aNai) in papillary muscle of the guinea-pig heart induced by repetitive stimulation at various frequencies and periods in vitro, using double-barrelled ion-selective microelectrodes. Stimulation (2-4 Hz) depolarized the cells, and termination of stimulation induced hyperpolarization. The aKi and aNai (stimulated at 0.2 Hz) were 92.3 +/- 4.6 and 7.8 +/- 2.0 mM (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. Prolongation of the stimulation period (0.5-2 min) increased aNai time-dependently, but there was no further increase by stimulation for longer than 3 min. The increase in aNai was dependent on stimulus frequency. After termination of the stimulation aiNa declined exponentially. aKi slightly decreased by the stimulation (3-4 Hz). aKo increased during the stimulation period, and decreased below the initial level after termination of the stimulation. Results suggest that in guinea-pig papillary muscle, the contribution of an electrogenic component of Na-K pump to the hyperpolarization after stimulation would be small, since the hyperpolarization could be explained mostly by depletion of aKo induced by Na-K pump activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Three cases of thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm successfully treated with cell saver].

During a three-month period from January to March 1986, reconstructive surgery was performed on three patients with thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm using a temporary bypass procedure. To reduce the amount of blood transfusion required during operation, an autologous blood recovery system, Cell Saver, was used in these three cases. The amount of blood loss, including the blood passing through the Cell Saver, was 7,020g in Case 1, 6,600g in Case 2 and 16,700g in Case 3. The amount of blood transfusion given to these three cases was 1,400g, 4,400g and 6,800g, respectively. The results indicated that the ratio of transfused blood amount to blood loss during operation was successfully reduced to a level of 20-67% of two other cases with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, operated upon without using Cell Saver. Cell Saver was especially effective in Case 3 in which the blood for transfusion was restricted, for it was difficult to collect enough donors to complete operation because of rare blood type of Rh(-) in this case. That is, Cell Saver withdrew 15,000ml of blood through the sucker from the patient and returned it as concentrated and washed RBC during operation.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1987

[Serum NSE (neuron-specific enolase) levels in small cell lung cancer, with special reference to the measurement of serial serum NSE levels].

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was measured in 105 patients with lung cancer without prior therapy. Increasing serum levels of NSE were observed in 84% of cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). 11% of adenocarcinomas, 18.5% of squamous cell carcinomas and 37.5% of large cell carcinomas. Serum NSE levels changed in parallel with the effect of initial treatment. Although two of 5 patients with SCLC, in whom serial NSE levels were measured after treatment, showed elevation of serum NSE levels before clinical relapse, elevated serum NSE levels were not observed in 3 patients at clinical relapse. These data seem to suggest that measurement of serial NSE is useful for predicting relapse prior to clinical recognition. However, it still remains an important point to carry out clinical general surveillance for relapse.

Adult↗