Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Yano.
A case of jugular foramen meningioma is presented with a review of the related literature. The value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of the lesion and in the planning of the operative approach is discussed.
We cultured lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) from lung cancer patients in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2). The ability of LNL to respond to rIL2 was not affected by the advance of cancer stage when tested for proliferation and for lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity. The LAK activity of LNL was comparable to that of the corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes. The rIL2-induced proliferation of macrophage-depleted LNL was augmented by the reconstitution with autologous alveolar macrophages while the LAK activity was not affected. However, macrophage-reconstituted LNL expanded rapidly and reached higher cell densities and exhibited a significantly lower LAK activity than macrophage-depleted LNL. The diminished LAK activity in macrophage-reconstituted LNL were markedly augmented by the subculture at a low cell density. From these results, we conclude that LNL can be a good material for the postoperative LAK therapy and that macrophage is useful in culture of LAK cells.
We had an outbreak of 14 cases of enterocolitis due to Clostridium perfringens (Cl. perfringens) in a hospital for the severe multiply-disabled, where the 100 disabled were admitted, in summer in 1985. The signs and symptoms shown by this enterocolitis were primarily diarrhea without fever and loss of appetite. The feces of 10 cases were examined bacteriologically. The test showed 10(3) to 10(6) cells of Cl. perfringens per one gram of their feces and all the strains isolated were untypable by the classification of Hobbs. Nine out of 10 cases were randomly selected and all of the 9 cases were proved to have enterotoxin producing strains. All the strains were highly sensitive to many kinds of antibiotics except kanamycin and gentamicin. Eleven out of the 14 cases were admitted in the same ward and the 7 out of the 11 cases were in the same room of this ward. Considering the spreading route of this infection, it is unlikely that this outbreak occurred due to food supplied from kitchen in this hospital, because all of the disabled, admitted in this hospital, had little chance by which some of the disabled only in a specific ward or room were supplied with bacteriologically contaminated meals from the point of view of cooking and supplying system of this hospital. Adding to this fact, if this outbreak was due to food-born infection, the symptoms of most patients should occur within 1-2 days, because the incubation period of this disease is within a day, however, the patients increased day by day for more than a week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
We examined the relationship among intracellular sodium activity (aiNa), intracellular pH (pHi), and delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) in guinea pig ventricular papillary muscle fibers exposed to K-free solution in vitro, using Na+- and H+-selective microelectrodes. In unstimulated papillary muscles, exposure to K-free solution caused a rapid increase in aiNa of 16.2-22 mM at the end of a 20-min superfusion period with rates of 0.51-0.73 mM/min. This was paralleled by a decrease in intracellular pH of 0.10-0.15 units. DADs were induced after a train of driven action potentials 5-15 min after superfusion with K-free solution at the elevated aiNa from the steady-state level. Prevention of intracellular acidosis associated with the increased aiNa in K-free solution by external alkalosis at pH 8.0 enhanced the amplitude of the DAD, whereas restoration of external pH to 7.4 and a further acidification of external pH to 6.4 suppressed DADs. We concluded that intracellular acidosis associated with the increased aiNa per se increased the likelihood for inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in spite of increased cytosolic Ca2+.
A 26-year-old primipara with a cerebral venous angioma suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage just after delivery. Venous thrombosis was considered a possible cause of the intracerebral hemorrhage on the basis of the neuroradiological findings.
The clinical course of 50 patients with conservatively treated intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) was followed, most of them for more than 5 years. The average follow-up period was 13.4 years. The initial symptom was intracranial bleeding in 29 patients (58%) and seizure in 15 patients (30%). Small and deep-seated AVM's were associated with a high incidence of bleeding; however, repeated hemorrhages were not necessarily indicative of a poor prognosis. Children younger than 15 years had a better prognosis than adults. There was no correlation between pregnancy and bleeding. In the hemorrhage group, the incidence of rebleeding was 6.9% in the 1st year after initial rupture, 1.91% per year after 5 years, and 0.92% per year after 15 years. The overall incidence of rebleeding was 34.5% in the hemorrhage group. Of the 50 patients, 37 (74%) had a good clinical outcome, four (8%) had a fair outcome, and four (8%) had a poor outcome; five patients died.
The effects of Gn-RH and its agonists on the activity of aromatase were examined by means of a rat granulosa cell culture system. A potent Gn-RH agonist, buserelin ([D-Ser (but)6 des-Gly-NH2(10)] Gn-RH ethylamide), alone stimulated aromatase activity in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations between 10(-13) and 10(-6) M. Both Gn-RH and another Gn-RH agonist, TAP144 ([D-Leu6, des-Gly-NH2(10)] Gn-RH ethylamide), also exhibited a stimulatory effect. Buserelin enhanced the activity of aromatase stimulated by FSH at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml. However, it decreased the activity stimulated by a higher level of FSH (100 ng/ml). These results indicate that Gn-RH agonist increases the activity of aromatase in the absence of FSH. However, in the presence of FSH it exerts different effects on the aromatase activity depending on the concentrations of FSH.
Out of 39 premature infants admitted to the NICU in Toho University Hospital from January 1983 to December 1985 and surviving for 2 months after birth, 22 extremely premature infants who were closely matched in terms of gestational age and body weight at birth were divided into 4 groups (operated group, non-operated A group, non-operated B group and broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) group) to assess the effect of respiratory management on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). ROP occurred at a high frequency in extremely premature infants weighing less than 1,000 g. In most of the infants who underwent operation (cryocauterization), PaCO2 values were low for 1 month after birth, whereas pH tended to rise. In the non-operated B group, PaCO2 was almost normal, and pH tended toward acidosis. BPD, which causes severe respiratory disturbance, was observed in 4 cases, 3 of whom showed a rise in PaCO2 within 1 month after birth, but mild ROP. Thus, it was considered that PaCO2 and pH exacerbated ROP.
51 SCLC patients who had received prior chemotherapies and had measurable lesions were randomized to CDDP, CDDP-CQ, and CDDP-etoposide treatment group. Prior chemotherapies of 49 complete cases were AVA (ADM, VCR, ACNU; 16 cases), TAVA (THP-ADM, VCR, ACNU; 17 cases), CAV (CPA, ADM, VCR; 4 cases) and others. The median period of 49 cases from prior chemotherapy to this chemotherapy was 4 weeks. In the CDDP alone group, CDDP was given at a dose of 80 approximately 100 mg/m2/4-5 weeks on Day 1, and in CDDP-CQ treatment group, patients were given the same dose of CDDP and CQ 6 mg/body on Day 1, 2. In CDDP-etoposide treatment group, the same doses of CDDP and etoposide 60 mg/m2 Day 1-5 (Total 300 mg/m2) were given. Response rate of the CDDP alone group was 6.7% (PR 1/total 15), that of CDDP-CQ group was 6.3% (PR 1/total 16), and in CDDP-etoposide group it was 16.7% (PR 3/total 18). In CDDP-CQ treatment, the main side effect was strong hematotoxicity (WBC; Grade 3, 5 patients, Grade 4, 2 Pl: Grade 3, 5 Grade 4, 3), and main hematotoxicity of CDDP-etoposide was leukopenia (W BC; Grade 3, 4 patients, Grade 4, 2 Pl; Grade 4, 1). In these patients, it was thought that CDDP was not useful in second chemotherapy, as not only CDDP alone but also the combination with CQ or etoposide.
The work load for the treadmill test is generally controlled by changing the slope of the treadmill (vertical method). Recently a new loading method was devised in which the subject pulls a weight horizontal from behind on the treadmill (horizontal method). The present study was conducted to compare the oxygen uptake (VO2 between the vertical and horizontal methods. The VO2 was 8 to 15% higher with the horizontal than with the vertical method on the same load levels. The difference was significant for 700 kpm/min (p less than 0.05). When unloaded, the frequency of steps was 109 +/- 9.3 steps/min. The frequency of steps was substantially unchanged with increasing external work rate in both methods. There was no difference in the frequency of steps between the two methods. The present paper discusses the significance of the VO2 difference resulting from the difference ways of loading, but the effect of frequency of steps was regarded as insignificant. The present study discussed the assumptions in calculating delta efficiency, delta efficiency per one step and net efficiency, and proposed the necessary conditions for the calculations. Although the efficiency from the three calculation ways was scattered, after selecting the efficiency under the necessary conditions, its value was almost the same and showed about 23%.
Experiments were carried out on rats in order to find out the implications for psychiatry of the basic biological effects of rubidium (Rb). The forced swimming test (FST), used to evaluate the effects on rats of treatment with Rb, was conducted after 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb was given chronically or subacutely. The weight of rats treated with 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb, once daily, was observed daily for two weeks. Rb levels in the blood and brain of rats treated with Rb chronically or subacutely were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The rectal temperature was observed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after injections of 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb. The increase in the mean body weight of treated rats was almost the same as that of the control. The rectal temperature in rats treated with Rb showed a hyperthermic response. With both the 1 and 3 mEq/kg Rb treatments, Rb levels in the brains were significantly higher in the chronic experiments than in the subacute experiments. The experiments conducted to determine the effect of chronic and subacute treatment of Rb are hereafter termed 'chronic experiment' and 'subacute experiment' respectively. Almost the same significant difference was also observed in the Rb levels in the blood. In the FST, a decrease in the mean immobility time was not observed in either the subacute or the chronic experiments. Thus, antidepressant effects, as judged from the FST, were not observed although Rb did actually accumulate in both brain and blood.
A case of 29-yr-old woman with an ectopic pancreas in the stomach, presenting as an inflammatory mass, is presented. Physical examination revealed a tender mass in the upper abdomen. Laboratory data showed leukocytosis and an increase of ESR and CRP. A computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated a solid mass adjacent to the gastric antrum. Endoscopy disclosed a submucosal mass at the antrum. With a diagnosis of inflammatory mass lying near the gastric antrum, laparotomy was done. A mass 3 cm in diameter was found at the gastric antrum, and partial gastrectomy was performed. Surgical specimen showed a submucosal mass with a central umbilication. Histological examination revealed an ectopic pancreas with an abscess formation. The white cell count, ESR, and CRP returned to normal within 1 wk after surgery. From a review of the English and Japanese literature, we believe that ours is the first report of an ectopic pancreas, presenting as an inflammatory abdominal mass.
A 17 year-old male accidentally fell into a loading shute filled with sharp particles of sawdust. He aspirated a large amount of sawdust and suffered from acute airway obstruction accompanied by barotrauma, probably due to severe cough and tissue damage from the needle sharp sawdust particles. Ordinary mechanical ventilation was not enough to keep normal gas exchange. To sustain life, a venovenous extracorporeal lung assist, ECLA, with two Kolobow membrane lungs was performed. Under ECLA, the sawdust particles were removed from the airway one by one with a bronchofiber scope taking almost 10 hours. Then the left lung lavage was performed with normal saline to remove finer sawdust. The patient survived these procedures and was weaned from ECLA after 36 hrs. His recovery was uneventful.
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The purpose of this study is to quantify leg muscle perfusion with 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Six normal controls and 21 patients with peripheral arterial disease underwent this examination. Thallium-201 leg SPECT of both stress and redistribution was performed using a dual-headed digital gamma camera. Each slice of transverse images was normalized with pixels and whole-body counts. In normal controls, the activity of posterior tibial muscle components was significantly higher than that of anterior tibial muscle components (p less than 0.001). In 14 components, where patients had insignificant lesions, profile curves were normal in 10 (71%). In 62 components, where patients had arteriographically significant lesions, stress profile curves were abnormal in 57 (92%) compared with normal controls. Approximately, in half (28/62) components which had significant lesions, profile curves showed redistribution after 3 hr compared with normal redistribution curves. In three patients who underwent successful bypass graftings, the activity of each muscle component returned to a normal range.
Infrapopliteal bypass with autogenous vein graft was performed in twenty-three patients of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease) during the past 8 years. The outflow vessel of the graft had the direct connection with the pedal arch in 3 cases. In 20 cases the graft was anastomosed to the solitary tibial or peroneal segment, in which the occlusive lesion existed between the outflow vessel and pedal arch, or otherwise, the pedal arch was not opacified in the arteriogram. The length of the solitary tibial or peroneal segment of the successful cases ranged from 11.5 cm to 29.0 cm. The cumulative patency rates of the 23 bypass grafts at 3 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years were 86.7%, 77.3%, 77.3%, 77.3% respectively. This result is comparable to those of other authors. When the solitary tibial or peroneal artery is found out and is longer than 12 cm in the arteriogram of Buerger's Disease, we are going to perform bypass surgery to the vessel. If the foot is already necrotic, the amputation should be carried out several days or several weeks after the successful reconstructive surgery.
In previous papers we reported that nucleotide pyrophosphatase (NPPase) activities are markedly elevated in skin fibroblasts from patients with Lowe's syndrome. To reveal the molecular basis for this elevation, we investigated to see whether or not the activities are proportional to the amounts of enzyme protein. Determination of the amounts of NPPase proteins by a radioimmunoassay using monoclonal antibodies revealed that the amounts of NPPase proteins were proportional to the enzyme activities. The NPPase proteins from patients' and normal cells were indistinguishable, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, on Western blot analysis with staining with polyclonal antibodies raised against denatured NPPase. These data suggested that the elevated NPPase activities in fibroblasts in this disorder resulted from increased amounts of the enzyme proteins.
The effects of high pressure mechanical pulmonary ventilation at a peak inspiratory pressure of 40 cmH(2)O were studied on the lungs of healthy newborn pigs (14-21 days after birth). Forty percent oxygen in nitrogen was used for ventilation to prevent oxygen intoxication. The control group (6 pigs) was ventilated for 48 hours at a peak inspiratory pressure less than 18 cmH(2)O and a PEEP of 3-5 cmH(2)O with a normal tidal volume, and a respiratory rate of 20 times/min. The control group showed few deleterious changes in the lungs for 48 hours. Eleven newborn pigs were ventilated at a peak inspiratory pressure of 40 cmH(2)O with a PEEP of 3-5 cmH(2)O and a respiratory rate of 20 times/min. To avoid respiratory alkalosis, a dead space was placed in the respiratory circuit, and normocarbia was maintained by adjusting dead space volume. In all cases in the latter group, severe pulmonary impairments, such as abnormal chest roentgenograms, hypoxemia, decreased total static lung compliance, high incidence of pneumothorax, congestive atelectasis, and increased lung weight were found within 48 hours of ventilation. When the pulmonary impairments became manifest, 6 of the 11 newborn pigs were switched to the conventional medical and ventilatory therapies for 3-6 days. However, all of them became ventilator dependent, and severe lung pathology was found at autopsy. These pulmonary insults by high pressure mechanical pulmonary ventilation could be occurring not infrequently in the respiratory management of patients with respiratory failure.