Biomedical subjects

T Yano

Publications and source records attributed to T Yano.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

DNA ploidy pattern of each carcinomatous component in adenosquamous lung carcinoma.

The relationship between adenocarcinomatous and squamous carcinomatous components in 12 surgically resected adenosquamous lung carcinomas was analyzed using DNA flow cytometry. Well-preserved parts of the tumor showing either adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were identified on paraffin blocks. The cells obtained from each component were stained with propidium iodide for DNA flow cytometry. In the analysis of DNA flow cytometry, both components in the same tumor were defined as being related to each other when they showed diploidy or when at least one DNA index of abnormal clones between two aneuploid components was identical. According to these criteria, 8 (67%) of the 12 tumors showed a relationship between adenocarcinomatous and squamous carcinomatous components. This suggests that, despite the different phenotypes, both components of some adenosquamous lung carcinomas may share similar biological characteristics.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Cerebral circulation in moyamoya disease: a clinical study using transcranial Doppler sonography.

Transcranial Doppler sonography was performed on eight patients diagnosed as Moyamoya disease. Angiographically, the patients-four adults (mean age 42) and four children (mean age 7.7)-underwent a complete six- or five-vessel angiographic study. The results showed the following: (1) Despite the presence of stenosis, all middle cerebral arteries showed very low-flow velocity compared to their ipsilateral distal internal carotid arteries. In adult cases, the difference was very significant (p < 0.02). (2) Relatively high-flow velocity was observed in the posterior cerebral arteries of children, and in the ophthalmic arteries of adult cases. (3) In several occasions, very low-flow velocity values were still detected despite the fact that with angiography, the respective arterial segments were hardly opacified. The relation and discrepancy between these results and the angiographic findings, and the potential application of transcranial doppler in assessing and grading the severity of moyamoya disease are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Electrochemical bioreactor with immobilized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on the rotating graphite disc electrode modified with phenazine methosulfate.

Physical adsorption, covalent binding through the carbodiimide reaction between the surface carboxyl group and the amino group of the protein, and the crosslinking method with bovine serum albumin by glutaraldehyde were applied for the immobilization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) on a graphite electrode. Among those, the crosslinking method was employed for its highest apparent enzyme activity per unit surface area. Phenazine methosulfate (PMS), as a mediator for the electrochemical oxidation of NADH, was also immobilized on the graphite surface through adsorption. The conjugation reaction of G6PDH and the electrochemical oxidation of NADH were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and the constant potential electrochemical reaction. An electrochemical bioreactor system was established by using a rotating disc graphite electrode with G6PDH immobilized. The coenzyme, NAD, was effectively recycled between the electrochemical and the enzymatic reactions.

Biotechnology↗

PubMed1993

Estimation of the genetic variation in complement activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

The complement status of hybrid, laboratory raised carp was determined by an in vitro approach of the alternate complement activity (ACH50) and total haemolytic activity (CH50), and by measurement of serum C3 levels. The lysis of target sheep red blood cells (RBC) in the haemolytic assay for CH50 activity depended, amongst others, on the haemolysin concentration in the assay. Rocket electrophoresis showed a mean serum C3 concentration of 0.95 mg ml-1. The variation for both ACH50 and CH50 haemolytic activity was approximately 30%. The degree of genetic determination of the parameters was investigated by estimation of their repeatabilities, which were relatively high for CH50 (0.71) and ACH50 activity (0.72), but lower for C3 levels (0.54). Correlations between ACH50 values and C3 levels were significant, but moderate (0.54-0.58).

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Phenotypes of lymphocytes infiltrating non-small cell lung cancer tissues and its variation with histological types of cancer.

We investigated surface markers of lymphocytes infiltrating four different histological non-small cell lung cancer tissues obtained at surgery and the corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 40 clinical cases, who had undergone no prior anti-cancer treatment, by flowcytometry. In estimation of the mean proportion of each lymphocyte subset, a paired Wilcoxon test revealed that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) exhibited significantly higher values of CD3+ cells (P < 0.05), CD8+ cells (P < 0.05) and CD20+ cells (P < 0.01), and lower value of CD16+cells (P < 0.05), as compared with those in PBL. The Spearman test revealed that none of the values of surface markers in TIL statistically correlated with those in the corresponding PBL (r < 0.6, P > 0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the mean CD4/CD8 ratio of total TIL and that of PBL, TIL of 12 patients with squamous cell carcinoma almost always showed lower values of CD4/CD8 ratio than those in PBL (P < 0.05), while the CD4/CD8 ratio was similar between TIL and PBL in adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that TIL of lung cancers represent specific immunological responses, whose characteristic depend on the histological types of lung cancers.

CD4-CD8 Ratio↗

PubMed1993

Is vitamin E a useful agent to protect against oxy radical-promoted lung tumorigenesis in ddY mice?

We have previously reported that oxy radicals can contribute to the enhancing effect of glycerol on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced lung tumorigenesis in ddY mice. In this study, we established that feeding high doses of vitamin E to male ddY mice treated with 4NQO plus glycerol could reduce glycerol-enhanced lung tumorigenesis, due to the inhibition of glycerol-induced oxidative stress on the pulmonary nuclei. At 4 weeks after 4NQO injection (10 mg/kg, s.c.), the levels of nuclear thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and oxidative damage to DNA in the lungs of mice treated with 4NQO plus glycerol (5% solution as drinking water) were significantly higher than those in mice treated with 4NQO. The glycerol-induced increase was completely inhibited when a high vitamin E diet was provided for 4 weeks after 4NQO injection. As previously reported, at 23 weeks after 4NQO administration (at the end of this experiment), the 4 week treatment with glycerol enhanced 4NQO-induced lung tumorigenesis in ddY mice. In contrast, the supply of high doses of vitamin E at 4 and 23 weeks after 4NQO injection suppressed glycerol's ability to enhance lung tumorigenesis. These results suggest that vitamin E is useful in protecting against oxy radical-enhanced lung tumorigenesis in mice.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1993

Evaluation of biological activities of new LH-RH antagonists (T-series) in male and female rats.

A series of new highly potent LH-RH antagonists (T-series) has been synthesized in our laboratory. Among these analogs, antagonists [Ac-D-Nal(2), D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Lys(A2pr(Car)2)6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (T-140); [Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Lys(A2pr(Ac)2)6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (T-148); [Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Lys(A2pr(For)2)6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (T-151) and [Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Lys(A2bu(For)2)6, D-Ala10]LH-RH (T-159) were the most powerful. Antagonists T-140, T-148 and T-151 produced a complete blockade of ovulation in normal cycling rats at a dose of 1.5 micrograms/rat and antagonist T-159 at a dose of only 0.75 micrograms/rat. The inhibitory effects of compounds T-148, T-151 and T-159 on gonadotropin and sex steroid secretion were investigated in male and female rats. To determine their effect on LH levels in castrated male and ovariectomized female rats, T-148, T-151 and T-159 were injected subcutaneously in doses of 0.625 and 2.5 micrograms/rat. Blood samples were taken at different intervals for 48 h. All three compounds at either dose caused a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in LH levels for more than 6 h. Significant (P < 0.01) inhibition of LH lasted for more than 24 h following a dose of 2.5 micrograms sc of all 3 antagonists in both male and female rats. Serum FSH levels were also suppressed significantly for more than 48 h in castrated male rats by all three antagonists at a dose of 5 micrograms/rat sc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Comparison of GH-stimulation by GH-RH(1-29)NH2 and an agmatine29 GH-RH analog, after intravenous, subcutaneous and intranasal administration and after pulmonary inhalation in rats.

Many studies have shown that human GH-RH(1-29)NH2 possesses full intrinsic activity of GH-RH(1-44)NH2 in vitro and in vivo. This investigation was performed to evaluate the efficacy of GH-RH(1-29)NH2 given by different routes of administration in stimulating GH release in rats. In each case GH-RH(1-29)NH2 was administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intranasally and by pulmonary inhalation at two different doses to groups of seven males rats. At a dose of 150 micrograms/kg GH-RH(1-29)NH2, the magnitude of GH response was significantly higher for the pulmonary inhalation group (355 +/- 33.2 ng GH/mL) than for the subcutaneous group (246 +/- 36 ng GH/mL) or for the intranasal group (175 +/- 30 ng GH/mL). The group injected intravenously with GH-RH(1-29)NH2 at a dose of 2.5 micrograms/kg showed the highest response, GH levels reaching 877.2 +/- 115 ng/mL. A similar pattern of responses was obtained for the superactive GH-RH(1-29) agmatine29 analog, MZ-3-149, at doses that were 50 times lower. Our results indicate a high bioavailability of GH-RH(1-29)NH2 or analog MZ-3-149 administered by a convenient pulmonary inhalation route. The GH-releasing effect of GH-RH(1-29)NH2 or analog MZ-3-149 delivered by pulmonary inhalation is superior to subcutaneous and intranasal administration.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1993

Further evaluation of a new penetration enhancer, HPE-101.

The penetration enhancer, 1-[2-(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentan-2-one (HPE-101), significantly enhanced the excretion of topically applied [14C]indomethacin when dissolved in dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, glycerin, water, silicone or triethanolamine, but not when dissolved in ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, olive oil, peppermint oil, isopropyl myristate or hexylene glycol. HPE-101 significantly enhanced the excrection of [14C]indomethacin, [14C]nicotinic acid, [14C]5-fluorouracil, [3H]oestradiol and [3H]triamcinolone acetonide, but not that of [3H]testosterone. HPE-101 also significantly enhanced the excretion of [14C]indomethacin applied to intact skin of rabbit, guinea-pig and rat, and to tape-stripped skin of guinea-pig, but did not enhance the excretion of [14C]indomethacin applied to tape-stripped skin of rat or rabbit.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1993

Effects of new quinolones on Mycoplasma pneumoniae-infected hamsters.

The efficacies of the new quinolones temafloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were investigated against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in an experimental hamster pneumonia model. Hamsters were infected intratracheally with M. pneumoniae and sacrificed 18 h after the final medication, and their lungs were aseptically removed, homogenized, and cultured quantitatively. The efficacies of these drugs were determined by the CFU of M. pneumoniae in lungs. Temafloxacin and ofloxacin, but not ciprofloxacin, were active when the oral administration of 200 mg/kg of body weight per day (once per day) for 5 days was initiated 24 h after infection. Although no effect on the elimination of M. pneumoniae was observed after the administration of these drugs at 200 mg/kg/day at 5 days after infection, the continuous administration for 15 days of temafloxacin, but not ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin, significantly reduced viable M. pneumoniae in the lungs. These results suggest that temafloxacin and ofloxacin are effective in the acute phase of infection and, moreover, that temafloxacin is effective in the late stage of infection during which progressive lung alterations and continuous increases in mycoplasmal growth occurred. The peak levels of temafloxacin in sera and lungs after oral administration were similar to those of ofloxacin and higher than those of ciprofloxacin. The areas under the curve of temafloxacin in the lung tissue, however, were higher than those of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. On the basis of these results, temafloxacin and ofloxacin might be promising antimicrobial agents for the treatment of mycoplasmal infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Ion-selective microelectrodes for intracellular measurements].

Ion-selective electrodes have been used for many years to analyze ion activities in electrolyte solutions. In recent years, these electrodes have been miniaturized and applied for measurements in the cell interior. This article describes basic principles for both the fabrication and the intracellular application of ion-selective microelectrodes, particularly focusing on double barreled liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. The use of ion-selective microelectrodes allows continuous and real-time measurements of intracellular ion activities of a single cell in both multicellular and isolated cell preparations under various conditions, such as changes in ion composition of the extracellular bathing fluid and exposure to certain drugs. With double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes, the transmembrane potential and intracellular ion activities can be measured simultaneously in the same cell. Although there are still some problems or limitations to the intracellular application of ion-selective electrodes, this technique is useful for determining the actual movement of intracellular ions, and thereby to elucidate cellular mechanisms of membrane transport and other physiological functions.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1993

Pulmonary infiltrates recovered by FK506 in a patient with Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease (BD) affects the lung as well as the intestine, central nervous system, kidney, and other organs. Pulmonary vasculitis is one of the most severe complications in BD because it can cause fatal bleeding. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs have been used to treat pulmonary vasculitis, but the efficacy of these agents has not yet been established. We administered FK506, a novel immunosuppressive agent, as a treatment for BD. A 21-year-old woman presented definitive symptoms of BD, ie, repeated oral and genital ulcers, folliculitis, and panuveitis. The patient showed localized pulmonary infiltrates on her chest x-ray film that were histologically proved to be venulitis consistent with BD. These pulmonary infiltrates evanesced after the oral administration of FK506 for 8 weeks; in addition, the skin lesions and uveitis improved. This clinical observation indicates that FK506 is an effective agent in the treatment of pulmonary vasculitis associated with BD.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Is ST/HR slope a predictor of coronary artery lesion in effort angina pectoris? A comparison of exercise hemodynamic variables.

This study evaluated the clinical value of the ST/HR slope and exercise hemodynamic variables for the severity of coronary artery lesions. Twenty-nine patients with effort angina pectoris underwent ergometer exercise during right side heart catheterization. The ST/HR slope failed to differentiate three groups stratified by the number of involved coronary vessels. The ST/HR slope was uncorrelated with the Gensini score (r = 0.24). By contrast, pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP), cardiac output index (CI) and CI/PCP at peak exercise correlated significantly with the Gensini score (r = 0.73, 0.53 and 0.69, respectively). We conclude that the ST/HR slope is not a useful predictor of the severity of coronary artery lesions, while exercise hemodynamic variables measured by right side heart catheter are useful.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Active oxygen generation by alveolar macrophage in mice treated with carcinogen and promoter.

Glycerol has an action to enhance pulmonary tumorigenesis in mice treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). In order to evaluate factors contributing to enhancing effect of glycerol on 4NQO-induced pulmonary tumorigenesis, we selected alveolar macrophage (AM) as a source of active oxygen formation in the lung and investigated the effect of glycerol on active oxygen formation in AMs of mice treated with 4NQO in this study. AMs were stimulated with opsonized zymosan, and active oxygen formation in AMs after stimulation was examined. Continuous glycerol treatment within 4 weeks after 4NQO injection has no influence on the capacity of active oxygen generation in AMs (expressed as maximum count of chemiluminescence) and total amount of active oxygen generation in AMs (expressed as total count of chemiluminescence). These results suggest that active oxygen formation in AMs don't contribute to enhance 4NQO-induced pulmonary tumorigenesis in mice treated with glycerol.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1993

Clinical studies of oral quinolone once daily in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.

The efficacy and safety of oral ofloxacin, 400 mg once daily, for the treatment of patients with lower respiratory tract infections were studied. The most common species recovered from the sputum specimens of these patients were Haemophilus influenzae, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Gram positive cocci unidentified, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Morexella catarrhalis, Streptococcus epidermidis, and another Haemophilus species in this order. All these bacteria were susceptible to ofloxacin except for one strain of methicillin resistant S. aureus. A satisfactory clinical outcome was achieved in 34 of 40 patients (85%). It is concluded that ofloxacin, 400 mg once daily, is useful for patients with respiratory tract infections.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Stage I adenocarcinomas of the lung: survival of females and males.

Seventy-two cases of Stage I lung adenocarcinomas in females were analyzed and compared with 84 cases in males, all of which were surgically resected at the National Kyushu Cancer Center Hospital in Japan. The females with Stage I adenocarcinomas had a tendency, that was not significant, towards a longer survival than the male patients. When subdivided by age into less than 50, between 50 and 70, and more than 70 years-old, the female patients had a tendency, that was not significant, towards a longer survival in each group. In each age group, the ratio of smokers to non-smokers was higher in the males. The female group of ages 50 to 70 had the best 5-year survival rate. By multiregression analysis, age was found to be the most important factor for improved survival. The results indicate that a hormonal factor in Stage I lung adenocarcinoma does not influence survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

The prevention of oxy radical-mediated lung tumorigenesis in mice by vitamin E.

This work was carried out to estimate the preventive effect of vitamin E on oxy radical-enhanced lung tumorigenesis in ddY mice. We have reported that oxy radicals could be an important factor contributing to the promotive effect of glycerol on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced lung tumorigenesis (1). The glycerol-promoted lung tumorigenesis of mice treated with 4NQO was reduced in mice feeding on excessive vitamin E in this study. The levels of nuclear thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidative damage of DNA estimated as DNA single strand breaks (DNA-SSB) were significantly higher in the lungs of mice treated with 4NQO + glycerol than in those treated with 4NQO at 4 weeks after 4NQO administration, This increase was suppressed by the feeding of excessive vitamin E for 4 weeks after 4NQO injection. At 23 weeks after 4NQO injection, the feeding of excessive vitamin E for 4 and 23 weeks after 4NQO injection could cancel the promotive effect of glycerol on lung tumorigenesis. Additionally, the alpha-tocopherol level in serum was related with the degree of lung tumorigenesis at 23 weeks after 4NQO injection. These findings suggest that vitamin E can act as a useful agent to protect mice from oxy radical-promoted lung tumorigenesis.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1993

Investigation of antigenic determinants in thyroid peroxidase by synthesis of possible sequential peptides.

One way to locate antigenic determinants in thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is to evaluate the binding of chemically synthesized peptides to autoantibodies. A major epitope of TPO involved in thyroid autoimmunity has been reported to be at residues 590 to 675. Therefore, we synthesized three peptides (P1, residues 603-610; P2, 615-630; and P3, 654-665) in the most antigenic part of this range, as judged by antigenicity analysis, and measured their antigenicity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Amino groups protected with fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl were used in the synthesis. Sera from 42 untreated patients with Hashimoto's disease and 30 untreated patients with Graves' disease were tested for binding with each peptide. In addition, 6 sera with antibodies against denatured and reduced microsomal antigen were tested. Sera obtained from 22 normal subjects were used as a control. Binding of sera from the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease to the synthetic peptides was weak, about 1% of binding to thyroid microsomes prepared from Graves' thyroid. However, the ELISA index of a mixture of P1, P2, and P3 was significantly higher in the patients with Hashimoto's disease than in the healthy subjects. For both P2 and P3, the ELISA index of the sera with antibodies against denatured and reduced TPO was higher than that of the sera from normal subjects. These results suggested 1) that the antigenic epitopes of TPO recognized by autoantibodies may be conformational and discontinuous, and 2) that antibodies against these linear portions of TPO may exist in patients with Hashimoto's disease.

Autoantibodies↗