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Biomedical subjects

T Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to T Wilson.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effect of cyproterone acetate on glucocorticoid secretion in patients treated for hirsutism.

The effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on adrenal glucocorticoid secretion was studied in 35 women with hirsutism. Patients were treated for 9 months with 100 mg CA orally 10 days each month, administered in reverse sequence with 21 days of a combination oral contraceptive containing 50 micrograms ethinyloestradiol and 2 mg CA. During treatment one patient had a mildly impaired plasma cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and 2 patients showed slight reduction of the plasma cortisol response to ACTH. Responses to metyrapone were normal in all patients tested. Overall, the mean response to these tests was significantly greater during CA treatment compared with pre-treatment measurements, probably due to effects of oestrogen on cortisol-binding globulin. In all patients urinary cortisol excretion remained normal and no patient demonstrated any features of steroid insufficiency. Thus it appears that CA has no untoward effect upon glucocorticoid secretion when given in high dosage for prolonged periods to hirsute women.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1983

Driving after stroke.

Stroke patients were compared with "normal" drivers. On public roads stroke patients exhibited special difficulty in entering and leaving motorways and handling traffic at roundabouts. On private roads stroke patients were relatively unaware of other vehicles, exhibited difficulty in reversing, had difficulty in doing two things at once in an emergency and had difficulty in placing their car accurately on the left. Analysis revealed variables that might be used to rate stroke patients on their driving skills.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The use of meptazinol as a premedication for surgical patients.

The acceptability of a mixture of meptazinol and hyoscine as a surgical premedication was compared with that of an Omnopon-hyoscine combination in a randomized, double-blind trial involving 101 surgical patients. Blood pressure and respiratory rate were significantly reduced to a similar extent by both premedicant combinations, and this may be interpreted as evidence of a satisfactory alleviation of anxiety by both test mixtures. The two mixtures produced a similar degree of sedation, and both were associated with a useful inhibition of salivary secretion. Side-effects were reported in 25% patients in the meptazinol group, and in 28% of those receiving Omnopon, although a number of these effects may be attributable to hyoscine. There was no difference in the pattern of post-operative analgesic requirements between the two groups, and no unfavourable interaction was noted with any of the anaesthetic agents used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Chest injuries in a district general hospital.

Patients with chest injuries requiring admission to the Kent and Canterbury Hospital over a period of one year have been reviewed. Good survival figures are possible when these patients are managed by general surgeons and anaesthetists once the initial traumatic insult and immediate resuscitation period are survived. Among the 54 patients admitted there were 11 deaths, of which 10 occurred within a few hours of the patient's reaching hospital. It seems unlikely that even with specialist facilities the outcome would have been different in these 10 patients. Provided that a combination of experienced surgical and anaesthetic teams supported by intensive care facilities are mobilised quickly enough the absence of specialised cardiothoracic expertise is not important.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Interaction of wild-type and mutant M protein vesicular stomatitis virus with nucleocapsids in vitro.

We have characterized the interactions between mutant or wild-type M protein and nucleocapsids of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) by assaying for inhibition of in vitro transcriptase activity. The interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature: high concentrations of NaCl or poly(L-glutamic acid) reverse the inhibition. These interactions are much weaker in each of the four M protein mutants (complementation group III) tested than in wild-type VSV. Temperature-sensitive revertants were selected from each of the M protein mutants studied. The salt-dependent inhibitory profiles of all the revertants resemble that of wild-type VSV, suggesting that M-nucleocapsid interactions are integrally related to the temperature-sensitive phenotype of group III mutants. These results are discussed in relation to the accompanying paper [Reidler, J.A., Keller, P.M., Elson, E.L., & Lenard, J. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] which shows that interaction between M protein and infected cell membranes is increased in all group III mutants studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of active bone resorption by copper.

An investigation of the role of copper in bone metabolism was undertaken. Explanted calvaria from 6-day-old mice were grown for 48 h in medium with and without the addition of copper sulfate. Active resorption was found to be significantly inhibited in the presence of copper sulfate concentrations of 10(-6)M and above. Copper sulfate concentrations of 10(-5)M and above inhibited hydroxyproline, protein, and DNA synthesis. Lower concentrations wee ineffective. The effect of 5 X 10(-6)M copper sulfate on resorption was reversible. Several other compounds were tested for similar effects and at 5 X 10(-6)M were found to inhibit bone resorption in the order: copper sulfate greater than brown gold chloride greater than sodium aurothiomalate greater than zinc sulfate greater than sodium sulfate. The copper sulfate effect was twice that of sodium aurothiomalate, and sodium sulfate was not significantly inhibitory. The results suggest that the high serum copper levels associated with rheumatoid arthritis may reflect the activity of a hypothetical control mechanism of bone resorption. In the diseased state this would act to restore the normal rate of bone resorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Bone resorption and prostaglandin production by mouse calvaria in vitro: response to exogenous prostaglandins and their precursor fatty acids.

Mouse calvaria were maintained in organ culture for 96 h and endogenous prostaglandin production and active bone resorption (45Ca release) measured. After a lag phase of 12 h, active resorption increased over the 96 h period. The amounts of prostaglandins released into the culture medium (measured by radioimmunoassay) were highest in the first 24 h of culture. Unless these were removed by preculturing for 24 h, or suppressed by indomethacin, no response to exogenous PGE2, or prostaglandin precursors could be demonstrated. Bone resorption was stimulated after preculture by both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in a dose-dependent manner (10-8M-10-5M), with PGE2 being the more potent. Collagen synthesis was unaffected by PGF2 alpha, whereas PGE2 (10-5M) had an inhibitory effect. Eicosatrienoic acid did not stimulate bone resorption at lower concentrations (10-7M-1-5M), but was inhibitory at 10-4M. Arachidonic acid also inhibited resorption at 10-4m, but at lower concentrations (10-7M-10-5M) increased active resorption. This was concomitant with a rise in PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels, PGE2 production being significantly higher than PGF2 alpha. The effects of PGE2 (10-8M) and PGF2 alpha (10-8M) appeared additive; there was no evidence of synergistic or antagonistic effects when varying ratios of PGE2: PGF2 alpha were employed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The theory of the direct-view confocal microscope.

A theory is presented which describes imaging in both conventional and scanning microscopes. This theory embraces conventional microscopes with partially coherent source and scanning microscopes with partially coherent effective source and detector, including confocal microscopes. The theory is applicable to the direct-view confocal microscope of Petrán, the design of which is discussed. This microscope combines the resolution and depth discrimination improvements of confocal microscopy with the ease of operation of the conventional microscope.

Lenses↗
PubMed1980

Basilar skull fractures in three horses.

Of three horses with basilar skull fractures, two died within 48 hours. The remaining horse was euthanatized because of a locomotion deficit. Clinical signs included epistaxis followed by ataxia. In each case, the basi-occipital bone and ventral portion of the calvarium were involved in the fracture. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs or radiographic appearance of guttural pouches, or both.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Liposomes as vehicles for cellular incorporation of biologically active macromolecules.

Lipid vesicles (liposomes) have recently been shown to be a useful vehicle for the delivery of a variety of compounds to cultured cells. Using large unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylserine [LUV(PS)] we were able to encapsulate poliovirus and purified poliovirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) and show that it can be delivered efficiently to cells in an infectious form. LUV-entrapped poliovirus RNA produced infectious titers 100-fold higher than comparable RNA preparations delivered to cells by other techniques. We have made a quantitative analysis of the uptake and infectivity of the vesicle-encapsulated RNA by using various ratios of RNA copies per vesicle and by determining the percentage uptake of labelled lipid and RNA by HeLa cells.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

Multicentre post-infarction trial of propranolol in 49 hospitals in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Yugoslavia.

A multicentre study of survivors of an anterior myocardial infarction is reported. The trial consisted of 720 patients and was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with propranolol 40 mg three times a day. Trial entry was at two to 14 days (mean 8.5 days) and follow-up at one, three, and in most centres, six and nine months. The trial was designed to detect a 50 per cent reduction in mortality and this was not shown. The non-fatal reinfarction rate was similar in both groups. Subgroup analysis identified several prognostic risk factors for death, none of which interacted with treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Trapped gas dysbarism requiring recompression therapy.

The clinical manifestation, pathophysiology, and treatment of dysbarism continues to pose a dilemma for physiologists and flight surgeons. This paper presents a case of trapped gas dysbarism resulting from exposure to 40,000 ft, which was severe, disabling, and required recompression therapy to resolve.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The introduction of poliovirus RNA into cells via lipid vesicles (liposomes).

Large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) composed of phosphatidylserine are capable of encapsulating poliovirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) and delivering it efficiently to cells in an infectious form. The biological activity of vesicle-entrapped poliovirus RNA was 1-2 x 10(4) plaque forming units/nanogram (pfu/ng) and appeared to be enhanced by ribonuclease treatment of the vesicle preparations (infectivity = 1-2 x 10(5) pfu/ng). Vesicle-mediated RNA infection produced equivalent titers in primate and nonprimate cells. Moreover, the data strongly suggest that the ratio of molecules per infectious unit is close to one when the RNA is properly delivered to the cell. A comparative study of LUV and multilamellar vesicles (MLV) indicates that LUV deliver their contents to the cell cytoplasm much more efficiently than MLV. LUV-entrapped poliovirus RNA produced infectious titer 10-100 fold higher than comparable RNA preparations delivered to cells by other techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isolation, characterization and distribution of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate from Pinus radiata.

Cyclic AMP was extracted in 0.1 M-HCl from tissues of Pinus radiata and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-10, and chromatography on Dowex AG1 (X2) and polyethyleneimine-cellulose in two separate solvent systems. Presumptive cyclic AMP from 10kg batches of pine needles was characterized by countercurrent distribution in the presence of cyclic [8-3H]AMP. Statistical analysis of the curves for radioactivity and mass (determined by the Gilman competitive-binding assay) showed that the fit of the curves was highly significant for seven degrees of freedom. The distribution of cyclic AMP within P. radiata and various other plant tissues was determined by the Gilman procedure. The results suggest that there is no relationship between variations in cyclic AMP concentrations and the known function of the tissue in which it was measured.

Chromatography↗