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Biomedical subjects

T White

Publications and source records attributed to T White.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Surgical repair of extratemporal facial nerve: a comparison of suture repair and microfibrillar collagen repair.

The extratemporal portion of the facial nerve is often severed by various forms of surgical and non-surgical trauma. A commonly accepted method of repair is with monofilament nylon suture, using microsurgical techniques to approximate the epineurium. A study was designed to compare the clinical and histologic success of repair using microfibrillar collagen hemostat (Avitene) with that of suture repair of the epineurium. Although the success rates of these two methods of repair of peripheral facial nerves in rabbits appear to be functionally equivalent, the histologic results show the suture repair to be superior.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Acute effects of full urinary bladder and full caecal urinary reservoir on regional renal function. A study with scintillation camera renography.

Scintillation camera renograms were recorded in six patients without a history of bladder function disturbances and in eight patients with caecal urinary reservoir. Each patient was studied once with empty bladder/reservoir and once with full bladder/reservoir. Renograms were obtained from parenchyma, pelvis and whole kidney. Time was measured from injection of isotope to peak of the renogram curve (Tmax) and to the point corresponding to the centre of gravity of the area under the curve (Tg). A full reservoir gave longer Tmax and Tg for both parenchyma and pelvis than an empty reservoir. With full bladder the only significant change was Tg increase for renal pelvis. In the patients with full caecal reservoir, the elimination of radioisotope from the renal pelvis was significantly slower, reflected as longer Tmax and Tg, than in the subjects with full bladder. In comparisons between empty and full bladder/reservoir, Tg permitted clearer separation between the groups than did Tmax. The higher Tmax and Tg values for full than for empty reservoir indicated obstruction to urinary flow and could be ascribed to the high intrareservoir pressure. Regularly occurring pressure waves with amplitudes of 30-65 cm H2O were recorded in the reservoirs, sometimes reflected as transient increases in radioisotope activity in the renograms. In some patients the two kidneys differed considerably in their response to a full urinary bladder or reservoir. The cause may have been difference in the dynamics of the two ureterovesical junctions or of the ureterointestinal anastomoses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Renal function after urinary diversion. A study of continent caecal reservoir, ileal conduit and colonic conduit.

Total and separate renal function, renal parenchymal thickness and dilatation of the upper urinary tract were studied in 40 patients preoperatively and 24 to 67 months after urinary diversion, using 51Cr-EDTA clearance test, scintillation camera renography and urography. In ten patients a continent caecal reservoir was used for diversion. In the other patients, an ileal or a colonic conduit (15 patients with each method) was used, one ureter being implanted with an anti-reflux method and the other with direct technique. Renal function following urinary diversion showed little or no deterioration in most patients. The functional outcome was not related to the method of diversion or, in the conduit groups, to the mode of ureteral implantation. Serum creatinine tests and urography were not adequate for determining loss of renal function. Radionuclide studies proved to be valuable for assessing renal function after urinary diversion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A new rapid slide agglutination test for amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol: laboratory and clinical correlation.

A new rapid slide agglutination test (Amniostat-FLM/AFLM) for amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol has been developed. One hundred ninety-three samples of amniotic fluid were tested for lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and phosphatidylglycerol by thin-layer chromatography and fluorescence polarization and compared with the AFLM. All four tests agreed in 123/193 cases. Phosphatidylglycerol and AFLM were concordant in 176/193 cases. From these samples, data were available on 105 neonates, of whom 74 were delivered within 72 hours of amniocentesis. All positive AFLM tests were associated with absence of hyaline membrane disease, of 22 negative tests, eight babies had hyaline membrane disease. Thus, preliminarily, it appears that this is a useful, rapid test for assessing fetal lung maturity, which like other tests is reliable when indicating maturity but has a high incidence of falsely immature results.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

"Hominoid clavicle" from Sahabi is actually a fragment of cetacean rib.

A late Miocene/early Pliocene mammalian fossil from the site of Sahabi, Libya, was identified in previous publications as a clavicle belonging to the superfamily Hominoidea. After studying both a cast of the specimen and previously published descriptions and photographs we have concluded that the fossil is not a clavicle, but a rib fragment. In addition, our study demonstrates beyond reasonable doubt that this rib belongs not to a primate, but to a marine mammal. Following comparisons with 19 species in 14 genera of marine mammals, as well as six hominoid and three cercopithecoid species, both modern and fossil, we conclude that the specimen is best attributed to the Odontoceti, the cetacean suborder containing dolphins and porpoises. The rib indicates an animal in the size range of Recent Tursiops or Lagenorhynchus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Asymmetric renograms in the course of acute renal failure following differences in initial renal damage and/or recovery. A study by sequential renography in three selected cases.

The recovery of kidney function during the course of acute renal failure was studied by sequential renography in three surviving patients. The restitution of renal function, although finally complete on both sides, initially occurred earlier on one side than on the other. Two cases had duplicity of the renal pelvis on one side; recovery of renal function occurred later on the side of this abnormality.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

Biosynthesis and periplasmic segregation of human proinsulin in Escherichia coli.

A plasmid containing human preproinsulin cDNA inserted into the endonuclease Pst I site of the ampicillinase gene of plasmid pBR322 was modified by excision of large portions of the ampicillinase-coding region to produce a variety of gene fusion combinations, many of which generated proteins detectable with antisera to insulin or human C peptide. In one case a perfect hybrid of the NH2-terminal half of the leader sequence of ampicillinase (residues -23 to -12) with the human preproinsulin prepeptide beginning at residue -13 was formed; the result was the synthesis and secretion of human proinsulin into the periplasmic space. We have characterized this protein immunologically and also by labeling it biosynthetically or by iodination followed by immunoprecipitation and automated amino acid sequence analysis. It contains the A and B chain regions of insulin as well as specific human C peptide immunodeterminants and is convertible to an insulin-like component by tryptic digestion. These results demonstrate that human proinsulin can be produced by bacteria and that this biosynthetic approach should prove feasible for the production of adequate amounts of human proinsulin for a variety of clinical studies and human insulin for therapeutic purposes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Echocardiography in elderly patients with systolic murmurs.

Clinical examination, phonocardiography and echocardiography were performed on 49 elderly patients with systolic murmurs. Patients with mitral murmurs had increased left atrial and left ventricular diameters, increased mitral valve closure rate and excursion with a higher frequency of previous congestive cardiac failure. There was no difference in aortic root diameter or aortic valve excursion between the two groups. Patients with mitral murmurs were more likely to have an abnormal echocardiogram and abnormalities of mitral valve leaflet function were most commonly observed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in Liberian infants.

To provide background for a hepatitis B vaccine efficacy trial, sera were collected from 0- to 4-year-old Liberian infants and their mothers, on two occasions an average of 14.75 months apart, and tested for serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection. The prevalence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 2.9% in the 0- to 6-month age group and 23% in infants 3 to 4 years of age. HBsAg persisted for the 14.75-month average follow-up period in 80.8% of the infants tested. The annual incidence of development of HBsAg was 18.9% for infants less than 1 year of age and 13.6% in infants 3 to 4 years of age. Infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers had significantly higher age-specific prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus infection. However, it was estimated that only a minor proportion of hepatitis B infections in Liberia are derived by vertical transmission from carrier mothers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Ultrasound examination of the kidney after Politano-Leadbetter ureteroneocystostomy.

Ultrasound was used in infants and children operated upon with together 62 ureteroneocystostomies to detect complicating obstructive uropathy in the early postoperative period. It was compared with isotope examination and urography. Ultrasound was reliable and accurate in appreciating urinary stasis and should thus be preferred as examination method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Scintillation camera renography with 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-Hippuran.

Two different indicators for scintillation camera renography, 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-Hippuran, were compared directly in 37 patients. Quantitative data were obtained by means of a small digital computer. 99mTc-DTPA gave better kidney image quality, but also higher background than 131I-Hippuran. The two indicators gave renographic curves of slightly different shape, those after DPTA being flatter, but estimations of separate kidney function were not significantly different. Early kidney uptake of indicators was roughly proportional to glomerular filtration rate, but with a wide scatter.

Adolescent↗