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Biomedical subjects

T White

Publications and source records attributed to T White.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Establishing generalization effects among autistic children.

Although elusive, generalization of behavior change in autistic children is essential to obtaining maximum treatment effects. Using behaviorally based treatment and teachers and parents as trainers, generalization effects between home and school were measured on four behaviors: following instructions, washing, wiping bottom, and sharing toys. The results indicate that both settings were effective in establishing generalization. Behaviors treated in one setting generalized to another when children were provided with an opportunity for daily practice. Treatment with practice in other settings is possible in contrast to providing treatment on the same behavior in both settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Respiration, circulation and anaesthetic management in obesity. Investigation before and after jejunoileal bypass.

Some ventilatory and circulatory parameters were studied in 17 very obese patients before and after weight reduction following jejunoileal bypass. A low vital capacity and signs of impaired lung function with intrapulmonary shunting, increased alveolar-arterial Po2 difference and low Pao2 were found. Although the spirometric values improved significantly after weight reduction, the ventilatory disturbance persisted. A normal response to inhalation of CO2 was seen. The total blood volume was high and did not change after weight reduction. However, if calculated as blood volume per kg body weight, the values were lower than normal, and they increased as a consequence of weight reduction. Cardiac output was slightly lower than normal in relation to oxygen consumption. Total peripheral resistance was normal. Arterial blood pressure, which was in the high normal range preoperatively, decreased significantly after weight reduction. Total doses of intravenous anaesthetic agents and muscle relaxants were the same as for patients of normal weight. The importance of preoperative evaluation and of respiratory care of obese patients undergoing elective surgery is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A trial of ascorbic acid in the treatment of the common cold.

A randomised controlled trial was carried out to study the effect of 10 g of ascorbic acid taken during the first 2 1/2 days on the symptoms of the common cold. Altogether 1524 volunteers were recruited from a number of working groups in different parts of the country; 482 developed colds. There was no evidence that upper respiratory or general constitutional symptoms were alleviated by ascorbic acid. Among the men who had any colds at all, significantly fewer on active than on placebo treatment had two or more colds; however, this effect was not seen in women. Ascorbic acid is of no value in the treatment of the common cold; its preventive effect, if any, is not such as to justify advising its general use as a prophylactic measure.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1977

Ionised calcium during haemodialysis.

In spite of the popularity of high calcium dialysate internationally, most centres in the United Kingdom continue to use a dialysate calcium of 1.5 to 1.6 mmol/L. In eleven patients studied throughout dialysis against such dialysate we conclude that it is sufficient to raise ionised calcium. Patients so treated have little elevation of PTH pre-dialysis and it is further suppressed during dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Circulatory effects of oral and subcutaneous administration in normal subjects of a new bronchodilator, ibuterol, a pro-drug to terbutaline.

1 The di-isobutyryl ester of terbutaline, ibuterol, was given subcutaneously and orally to healthy volunteers and its effects on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and ECG were compared with those of terbutaline itself. The effects of the two substances were qualitatively identical, but quantitatively different. 2 By mouth, ibuterol acted more rapidly, and was 2-3 times more active. After intramuscular injection, ibuterol caused less increase in local blood flow than terbutaline. 3 Ibuterol can be regarded as a pro-drug, which in itself has little activity, but which can be made active in the body.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Effect of splenectomy on anemia in patients on regular dialysis treatment.

Splenectomy was performed in 7 patients on regular hemodialysis treatment who had disabling anemia. All patients had a short 51Cr red cell survival time and an increased splenic uptake of red cells verified by external counting and computer-aided scintigraphy. The need for blood-transfusions was eliminated in all except one. In all patients the hemoglobin concentration rose after splenectomy. This was probably an effect of a reduced plasma volume and the removal of a large pool of non-circulating red cells. No consistent changes in the red blood cell survival time or the red cell volume were observed. The white cell and the platelet counts in the blood rose to twice the preoperative value. No adverse effect of the splenectomy was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Diagnosis of ventricular septal defect in acute myocardial infarction without cardiac catheterization.

Five patients with acute myocardial infarction and a systolic murmur suggestive of ventricular septal rupture or mitral regurgitation have been examined by external vascular isotope dilution curves over the chest after i.v. injection of 125I-hippuran. In three patients these isotope dilution curves showed signs of left-to-right shunting of blood, and subsequent autopsy demonstrated the presence of ventricular septal defect. In two patients there was no sign of left-to-right shunting, and these patients recovered.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Effects of a welding helmet and dust respirators on respiration at rest and during exercise.

The influence of welders' protective devices on respiration at rest and during exercise was studied under laboratory conditions. During exercise the devices caused increased ventilation and increased arterial carbon dioxide tension. In the case of the welding helmet the increase was probably a consequence of increased dead space. It is concluded that the physiological affects on respiration are of minor importance in themselves, but they should be taken into account when the degree of exposure to welding fumes is evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A scintillation camera technique for quantitative estimation of separate kidney function and its use before nephrectomy.

A scintillation camera technique was used for measuring renal uptake of [131I]Hippuran 80-110 s after injection. Externally measured Hippuran uptake was markedly influenced by kidney depth, which was measured by lateral-view image after injection of [99mTc]iron ascorbic acid complex or [197Hg]chlormerodrine. When one kidney was nearer to the dorsal surface of the body than the other, it was necessary to correct the externally measured Hippuran uptake for kidney depth to obtain reliable information on the true partition of Hippuran between the two kidneys. In some patients the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured before and after nephrectomy. Measured postoperative GFR was compared with preoperatively predicted GFR, which was calculated by multiplying the preoperative Hippuran uptake of the kidney to be left in situ, as a fraction of the preoperative Hippuran uptake of both kidneys, by the measured preoperative GFR. The measured postoperative GFR was usually moderately higher than the preoperatively predicted GFR. The difference could be explained by a postoperative compensatory increase in function of the remaining kidney. Thus, the present method offers a possibility of estimating separate kidney function without arterial or ureteric catheterization.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Histamine formation from 14 C-L-histidine in man.

1. (14)C-L-histidine was given i.v. to one normal subject and two patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia. Urinary excretion of histamine and two of its metabolites methylhistamine and methylimidazoleacetic acid, total as well as (14)C-labelled, was measured, as well as blood (14)C-histamine. In addition the total urinary and pulmonary elimination of (14)C was followed.2. Total (14)C elimination was high during the first days, then declined slowly except for a plateau at the 10th-14th day in the two patients. There was a measurable elimination even after some months.3. (14)C-histamine appeared in the blood of the leukaemic patient, whereas in the normal subjects the values were hardly measurable.4. The leukaemic patients excreted much more of the two (14)C-labelled histamine metabolites than the normal subject. The difference in excretion of the (14)C-labelled metabolites was largest around the 12th day after the infusion of (14)C-L-histidine.5. The results indicate that the leukaemic patients formed at least 20 times more histamine daily than the normal subject.

Acetates↗