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Biomedical subjects

T Wensing

Publications and source records attributed to T Wensing.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[The usefulness of the refractometer in the assessment of colostrum and various factors affecting serum gamma globulin levels in newborn calves].

The effects of a number of factors on the concentration of gamma globulins in the serum of newborn calves were studied in 181 calves from six different dairy farms as was also the use of the refractometer test in controlling the ingestion of colostrum. The refractometer test was found to be reliable in controlling the concentration of gamma globulins in the serum of calves up to the sixth day of life. The factors 'time the first colostrum was ingested', 'amount of first colostrum ingested' and the 'concentration of gamma globulins in the colostrum' were found to account for 23.5 per cent of the variations in serum gamma globulin concentration; this became 42.4 per cent when the 'system of administration' and the 'farm-bound factors' were also taken into account. The first colostrum is best ingested when it is offered in a pail or bottle provided with a nipple. Calves of heifers were found to show a lower concentration of gamma globulins in the serum than did calves of older cows.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Survival of rabbit and horse erythrocytes in vivo after changing the fatty acyl composition of their phosphatidylcholine.

The phospholipid composition and the distribution of phospholipids over the two leaflets of the membrane have been investigated for rabbit and horse erythrocyte membranes. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) comprises 39.4% and 41.3% of the total phospholipid complement of the rabbit and horse erythrocytes, respectively. In both membranes the distribution of this phospholipid is asymmetric: 70% of the PC is present in the outer layer of the rabbit membrane and 60% in that of the horse. The major species of this phospholipid class are the (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl)- and the (1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl)PC. The disaturated species, (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC, is present in limited amounts only. Partial replacement of the native PC from intact erythrocytes was accomplished with a purified PC specific transfer protein from bovine liver. Replacement of the native PC species with (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl)PC up to 40% of the total PC complement had no effect on the osmotic fragility, the shape and the in vivo survival time of both erythrocyte species. Replacement of the native PC in both rabbit and horse erythrocytes with (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC up to 20% gave rise to an increased osmotic fragility, a shape change from discocytic to echinocytic and a significant reduction in survival time measured after reinjection of the modified cells. At 30% replacement with (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC the resulting spheroechinocytes appeared to be cleared from the circulation within 24 h after reinjection. The conclusion can be drawn that the repair mechanisms which may exist in vivo are insufficient to cope with the drastic changes in properties of the erythrocyte membrane which are induced by replacing more than 15% of the native PC by the dipalmitoyl species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of trenbolone acetate and propylene glycol on pregnancy toxaemia in ewes.

Eleven ewes with pregnancy toxaemia were monitored clinically and biochemically after daily treatment with trenbolone acetate (30 mg) and propylene glycol (twice daily 100 ml), for at least one week. The clinical signs of pregnancy toxaemia at first examination were less severe than those described in ewes in other countries. After the first treatment, the appetite improved in nine ewes, blood glucose levels increased in 10 ewes and blood ketone body concentrations decreased in nine animals. A statistically significant decrease in mean ketone body levels was found between the day of first examination and the second day thereafter. Four animals recovered before lambing (group 1). One animal lambed one day after the first treatment and recovered. In the remaining ewes clinical and biochemical improvement did not last long. Three of these animals did not recover until after lambing (group 2) and three animals died (group 3). In three animals of group 2 and two animals of group 3 an increase of serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase was found. In two necropsied animals of group 3 a severe fatty degeneration of the liver was found. Treatment of pregnancy toxaemia with trenbolone acetate and propylene glycol appeared to have some positive effect in mild cases. In more advanced cases the time of parturition is the crucial factor leading to recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Variation of fiber types in the triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris of horses.

The distribution of type-I and type-II fibers in 9 different parts of the musculi triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris was studied to determine whether biopsies from these muscles give reliable information. All 4 investigated muscles were not homogeneous in their fiber-type distribution. Large differences existed among different muscle parts. The percentage of type-I fibers increased toward the deeper and cranial parts of the muscles. In the same zone of the gluteus muscle, differences of 30% were found for type-I fibers. Therefore, results obtained by biopsies of muscles must be interpreted with caution.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme histochemical features of equine gluteus muscle fibers.

Gluteal muscle specimens were taken from 4 horses. From 1 of the 4 gluteal muscles, serial sections were prepared. Individual muscle fibers were identified and studied, using photomicrographs of sections stained by different enzyme histochemical methods. In specimens in which cytoplasmic soluble enzymes were studied, use was made of the semi-permeable membrane technique to hamper enzyme diffusion into reaction fluids. Enzymes involved in glycogenolysis, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, synthesis of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the pentose phosphate cycle, the alpha-glycerolphosphate shuttle, the respiratory chain, catabolism, and muscular contraction were studied. Some key enzymes of different metabolic pathways were also included. Each of 3 fiber types identified had distinct features. Type I fibers were characterized by a relatively strong aerobic capacity, compared with type IIA fibers, which were more glycolytic and had strong aerobic and moderate-to-strong anaerobic capacity. Type IIB fibers were characterized by a relatively low aerobic and a relatively high anaerobic capacity, and were glycolytic. Activities of phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-naphtylesterase (nonspecific esterase) were so markedly different in the 3 fiber types that fiber typing was possible, aided by the demonstration of the activities of these enzymes. In type IIB fibers, the pentose phosphate cycle was more important than in the other fiber types. Except for the unexplained high alpha-naphtylesterase activity in type IIB fibers, catabolic enzymes were not active in healthy equine muscle fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Various aspects of the colostrum supply on dairy farms and the usefulness of the glutaraldehyde test in the evaluation of the colostrum supply].

The serum gamma-globulin concentrations measured in 183 dairy calves on six farms (24-48 hours after parturition) were used to study the influence of quantity, time and method of administration of the first colostrum. It was established that the administration of 1.5-2 litres of colostrum within four hours after parturition results in the highest concentrations of gamma-globulins in serum. Assuming that in calves between 24 and 48 hours after parturition the lower acceptable limit of serum gamma-globulin concentrations is 10 g per litre, it can be concluded that the glutaraldehyde test is a simple and useful method in evaluating the supply of colostrum.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of nitrate intoxication in a cow.

Nitrate poisoning was induced in a cow by giving it 200 g potassium nitrate through a rumen fistula for three to four days in succession. The effect of treatment with methylene blue, ascorbic acid and menadione, administered intravenously in different dosages was assessed by measuring methaemoglobin as a percentage of total haemoglobin and comparing the results with those from the untreated cow. The results obtained indicate that ascorbic acid and menadione are unsuitable for treatment of methaemoglobinaemia in nitrate poisoned cattle, but treatment with methylene blue at 1 mg/kg body weight appears to be adequate.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Changes of serum enzyme activities in cows with milk fat depression.

Serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured before, during, and after milk fat depression in 9 cows fed a high-concentrate ration during 2 experiments. In 7 of the 9 cows, increases in serum SDH and LDH activities were observed during milk fat depression. The gamma-GT activity showed only moderate changes, whereas the ALP activity remained unchanged. During recovery from milk fat depression, decreases of SDH, LDH, and gamma-GT activities were found in nearly all cows. Association of this phenomenon with changes found in beef cattle, such as ruminal lesions and liver abscesses, are discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

[Some clinical biochemical features of 'tying up' in horses (author's transl)].

The changes in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in de blood of thirty-three horses with 'tying up' were compared. The extent to which the serum enzymes LDH, CPK and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the changes in the activities of these enzymes after suitable labour can be used in the diagnosis of 'tying up' and in following the recovery of patients was studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Incidence of Clostridium botulinum in the rumen contents and faeces of cattle fed brewers' grains naturally contaminated with Clostridium botulinum (author's transl)].

The number of Clostridium botulinum type B organisms excreted by cattle fed brewers' grains in which these organisms were found to be present and the period for which they were excreted, were studied. Large numbers (10(5) - 10(7) per gramme) of these organisms were detected in the rumen contents and faeces of the animals. When feeding brewers' grains was discontinued, Cl. botulinum type B was still detectable in the faeces for a considerable period (greater than eight weeks). There was evidence to suggest that the number of Cl. botulinum organisms multiplies in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

[Food poisoning in cattle caused by ingestion of brewers' grains contaminated with Clostridium botulinum type B (author's transl)].

In 1977, outbreaks of disease associated with serious losses occurred on twenty cattle farms. This disease was due to the fact that the animals had been fed brewers' grains. The clinical picture was marked by anorexia, profuse salivation, regurgitation and dehydration. The course of the disease varied with the severity of the attack. Toxicological tests were negative. Cl. botulinum type B as well as toxin type B were found to be present in the brewers' grains fairly often. As a rule, Cl. botulinum was also detected in the rumen contents and faeces. The treatment of the animals is described; this resulted in recovery in a number of cases. When experimental animals were fed brewers' grains from farms on which outbreaks had occurred, this induced similar clinical pictures. The results of studies on the aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed. It is concluded that the clinical picture was an atypical form of botulism caused by Cl. botulinum type B. Possible causes of this abnormal clinical picture are discussed in greater detail.

Animal Feed↗