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Biomedical subjects

T Wada

Publications and source records attributed to T Wada.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

In vivo actions of bestatin-related compounds in relation to their actions in vitro.

A study was performed to elucidate the effects of low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors on enzyme networks in vivo. Seven compounds, including bestatin and its 5 derivatives and arphamenine B, were tested, with each of them being administered to mice at the dose of 200 micrograms/day for 8 consecutive days. The spectrum of enzymatic changes thus induced were extensive and were not simply explainable by the in vitro actions of each agent administered. Nevertheless, a multivariate study on the changes in enzyme networks showed some degree of interrelationship between the in vitro and in vivo actions of the agents under study. The present findings seem to certify that the direct enzyme-inhibiting effect motivates the extensive movement of enzyme networks in vivo, although the latter often seems rather paradoxical at a glance.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1984

[Histological classification and prognosis of mammary cancer-histological classification devised by the Japan Mammary Cancer Society and WHO classification].

Between 1966 and 1977, 427 patients with mammary cancer underwent surgery at the Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital. Using these subjects, the histological classification devised by the Japan Mammary Cancer Society was compared with the WHO classification. Since the WHO classification places 80.4% of all cases into the category of invasive duct carcinoma, the significance of the histological classification as a factor in predicting prognosis is reduced. Thus, some other subclassification is needed for practical application. We classified invasive duct carcinoma according to cellular atypism (CAT), structural atypism (SAT) and infiltration mode (INF), and examined their relationship to the 5-year survival rate; there was a positive correlation.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[A case study with bladder metastasis of renal cell carcinoma and stomach cancer].

A 64-year-old woman received nephrectomy and lymph expurgation surgery for renal cell carcinoma on Jury 1, 1981. The pathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the clear cell type at Robson's stage 2. She next visited the Department of Gastroenterology complaining of stomach discomfort on November 5, 1981. Stomach cancer of Borrmann's type IV was identified in the lesser gastric curvature, but only biopsy was performed because it was inoperable. The pathologic diagnosis was undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. On January 23, 1982, there was microscopic hematuria. A cystoscopic examination revealed one soy bean-sized, smooth, pedicle tumor to which coagula were partially adhered in the center of the triangular region. After TUR-Bt performed on March 3 the pathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the clear cell type with no submucosal infiltration. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed as having suffered metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the bladder. She died of bleeding from stomach cancer on June 15. Based on the fact that the tumor was localized in the bladder mucosa, implantation through the urinary tract was strongly suspected as the metastatic route of the renal cell carcinoma to the bladder.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative determination of non-sulfated bile acids in the serum of patients with hepatobiliary diseases by mass fragmentography.

Individual non-sulfated bile acids in the serum of 65 patients with hepatobiliary diseases were quantitated by mass fragmentography. Serum with deuterium labeled deoxycholic acid as an internal standard was hydrolyzed with strong alkali, extracted with ether after acidification under cooling, and quantitated by mass fragmentography as the hexafluoroisopropyl-trifluoracetyl derivatives. In obstructive jaundice, the ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acid was significantly higher than others. Cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid levels were correlated with total bilirubin levels in obstructive jaundice and acute hepatitis. Lithocholic acid value was independent of the degree of liver injury. Total bile acid value was helpful in estimating the extent of liver cell injury and cholestasis, and these two pathological conditions can be distinguished to some extent by cholic to chenodeoxychoic acid ratio.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1983

Two different modes of enzymatic changes in serum with progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Nineteen serum enzymes from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and asthma, and normal subjects were studied. These enzymes include aminopeptidases, cathepsin C, angiotensin-converting enzyme, serine proteinase, sulphatase, phosphatase, esterases and ribonuclease. The enzymatic changes in dystrophic patients were related to two parameters: severity of the disease as judged from symptomatology, and duration of the disease. Most of the enzyme levels tested were increased in milder cases, but they tended to decrease with severity of the disease. On the other hand, there was a group of enzymes showing just opposite tendencies: serine proteinase, cathepsin C and ribonuclease. Even when viewed from the relationship to duration of the disease, the above mentioned grouping of enzymes was generally valid. Most of the enzyme levels, including those routinely applied as clinical parameters, tended to decrease, logarithmically, with an increase in duration of the disease. On the contrary, some others, including serine proteinase, cathepsin C and ribonuclease, tended to increase toward their control levels. Such tendencies were not found in the patients with asthma. The discrepancy between the above two groups of enzymes may have some implications for the process of protein degradation in dystrophic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Sites of analgesic action of dynorphin.

Analgesic effects of dynorphin and dynorphin-(1-13) injected into various regions of the CNS of rats were investigated using the tail pinch method. Dynorphin and dynorphin-(1-13) produced a dose-dependent analgesic effect when injected into the third ventricle (3rd vent.) or the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and paragigantocellularis (NRGC-NRPG) and the analgesic activity of dynorphin was 3 to 5 times more potent than that of dynorphin-(1-13). These peptides in higher doses elicited transient "barrel-rolling" and rigidity in behavior. On the other hand, when injected intrathecally, dynorphin exerted an analgesia accompanied by paralysis of hindlimbs which were long lasting. But its analgesic activity was less effective as compared with the 3rd vent. and NRGC-NRPG injections.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of analgesic potencies of mu, delta and kappa agonists locally applied to various CNS regions relevant to analgesia in rats.

Analgesic potencies of relatively selective agonists for mu, delta and kappa subtypes of opioid receptors, morphine, [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADL) and ethylketocyclazocine (EKC), respectively, were examined with the tail-pinch test in the rat, when microinjected into the brain stem regions relevant to analgesia such as the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (NRPG), nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), and into the lumbar subarachnoid space (LSS). Morphine, DADL and EKC produced dose-dependent analgesic effects at the NRPG, NRM, PAG and LSS. The ED50 values indicated that morphine was more potent than DADL at the NRPG and LSS but less at the NRM and PAG. EKC was the weakest at all the injection sites. Further, naloxone (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly antagonized the analgesic effect of morphine but not that of DADL or EKC at the NRPG. These findings suggest that mu, delta and kappa subtypes of opioid receptors mediate analgesia, and that the extent of contribution of each subtype to the production of analgesia differs among the CNS sites examined in this study.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1983

Enzymatic changes in dystrophic mice and their age dependency.

The activities of 14 different aminopeptidases, 5 endopeptidases, 4 glycosidases, phosphatase, esterase, and ribonuclease (RNase) were measured in the muscle and bone of 12 normal controls and 12 dystrophic mice. In most cases the activity of these enzymes was significantly elevated in the muscle of the dystrophic mice. In the muscle of the controls the activity of aminopeptidase A (AP-A), Leu-AP, Trp-AP, Gly-Pro-AP, and RNase tended to decrease with the increasing age of the animal, whereas that of AP-B and Pro-AP tended to increase. This mode of age-related regression was entirely different in dystrophic muscle. The enzymatic changes in the bone of the dystrophic mice were milder but more or less analogous to those in muscle. These findings should be important in further elucidating the mode of protein degradation in dystrophic muscle and in aiding in the selection of appropriate therapeutic agents including the low-molecular-weight inhibitors.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Mandibular traction for relieving respiratory distress in the Pierre Robin Anomaly. A case report.

A case of Pierre Robin Anomaly with severe, prolonged respiratory distress and feeding difficulties is presented. The respiratory distress is adequately relieved by mandibular forward traction. The procedure employing a mandibular suspension and elastic traction system is described. Feeding under the traction was successful, providing more effective self-control of the tongue. The authors recommend the mandibular traction device described here as a very simple life-saving approach to the problems in the Pierre Robin Anomaly.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1983

Radiation-induced reduction of nitroimidazole derivatives in aqueous solution.

The radiation-induced reduction of N1-alkyl substituted 2- and 5-nitroimidazoles in aqueous solution containing sodium formate or 2-propanol was studied at pH 7.0 +/- 0.1 under deaerated conditions. Irrespective of 2- or 5-nitroimidazole, N1-unsubstituted nitroimidazoles (2-nitro-(1a), 4(5)-nitro-(2a), 2-methyl-4(5)-nitro (3a), and 4(5)-methyl-5(4)-nitro- (4a) imidazoles) were reduced stepwise to consume 6 electrons per molecule, whereas N1-alkyl substituted nitroimidazoles (1-methyl-2-nitro (5a) and 1-methyl-5-nitro (6a) imidazoles, misonidazole (7a), and metronidazole (8a] reacted with consumption of 4 electrons. In accord with the stoichiometry for the reduction of N1-unsubstituted nitroimidazoles, the formation of the amino derivatives of (1a)-(4a) was shown by HPLC or colour identification tests. 4-Electron-reduction products of N1-alkyl substituted 2-nitroimidazoles (5a) and (7a) were characterized by 13C and 1H n.m.r. and FDMS measurements, indicating that the hydroxyamino derivative of (5a) as a 4-electron-reduction product isomerizes to an oxime form. The formation of an analogous oxime-type product was also suggested for (7a) together with a product bearing the partially cleaved imidizole ring. The HPLC analysis showed that 4-electron-reduction products of N1-alkyl substituted 5-nitroimidazoles (6a) and (8a) are unstable relative to those of the corresponding 2-nitroimidazoles (5a) and (7a).

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1983

Radiation-induced hydroxylation of thymine promoted by electron-affinic compounds.

The effect of 20 electron-affinic compounds including nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, nitrobenzenes, and quinones on the radiation-induced reaction of thymine in aqueous solution was studied under deaerated and N2O-saturated conditions. The radiolysis of thymine in aerated aqueous solution was also performed for comparison. Thymine decomposition was depressed to some extent by the addition of electron-affinic compounds in both deaerated and N2O-saturated solutions, while promoted in aerated solution. The radiolyses with varying concentration of misonidazole indicated that the depression of thymine decomposition can be attributed to a competition between thymine and electron-affinic compounds for the reactions with .OH. Among the radiolysis products, the formation of thymine glycol was remarkably promoted by the addition of electron-affinic compounds. Irrespective of structures of the electron-affinic compounds, the G-value of thymine glycol increased in sigmoidal form with increasing one-electron reduction potential of the electron-affinic compounds and attained the ultimate values of ca. 1.1 and 1.8 in deaerated and N2O-saturated solutions, respectively. The results are in accord with one-electron oxidation of the hydroxythymyl radical, produced by the reaction of thymine with .OH, to the corresponding cation by electron-affinic compounds. The so-formed hydroxythymine cation undergoes solvolytic substitution to give thymine glycol. Based on the ultimate G-values of thymine glycol, the difference in reactivity between hydroxythymine-5-yl and 6-yl radicals toward electron-affinic compounds is discussed.

Air↗
PubMed1983

Protection of newborn mice against herpes simplex virus infection by prenatal and postnatal transmission of antibody.

Pre- and postnatally acquired protection against herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2) infection mediated by maternal antibody was investigated in the newborn mouse. Newborn mice, 2 days old, were inoculated with HSV-2 intraperitoneally after maternal immunization with live or inactivated virus. The survival rates improved in proportion to the maternal neutralizing antibody titres. Ninety-three percent of animals delivered by Caesarean section from immune mothers and suckled by non-immune mothers survived viral infection, whereas 7% of control animals survived. The same was true with animals born to non-immune mothers and nursed by immune mothers. In foetal sera and milk of immunized mice, anti-HSV activity was associated primarily with antibody of the IgG class as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, oral administration of antibody conferred protection on newborn mice. These studies indicate that maternal IgG, acquired not only postnatally but also prenatally, plays an important role in protecting newborn mice against HSV infection.

Animals↗