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Biomedical subjects

T Wada

Publications and source records attributed to T Wada.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Immunochemical characterization of recombinant and native tropomyosins as a new allergen from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae.

BACKGROUND: Two predominant mite species, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, are responsible for the immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Although a large number of antigens and allergens was detected in a whole mite culture extract, only the major allergens of Der I and II groups have been extensively studied. Much information on other important allergens remains to be accumulated. METHODS: A new allergen complementary DNA (cDNA) clone was isolated from a D. farinae protein cDNA library. The expression product of the cDNA and native tropomyosin from D. farinae were purified, characterized, and evaluated. RESULTS: An amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA clone revealed significant homology with tropomyosins conserved in a wide range of animals. The amino acid sequences of two fragments obtained by degradation of the purified protein with cyanogen bromide coincided completely with the corresponding portions of the deduced amino acid sequence. The native tropomyosin reacted with specific IgE in the 31 sera tested at a high frequency (80.6%), comparable to that of Der f I (90.3%) and Der f II (74.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The cloned cDNA encodes tropomyosin. The high binding response of specific IgE antibodies to recombinant and native tropomyosins demonstrates that mite tropomyosin is an additional important allergen in house dust mite.

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

The effect of the sympathetic nervous system upon susceptibility to acoustic trauma.

This study was designed to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system exerts a protective or enhancing effect in acoustic overstimulation. The compound action potential of the cochlea (CAP) was recorded in guinea pigs while the cervical sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was electrically stimulated or after it was surgically eliminated. The stimulation or the elimination of the cervical SNS has no effect on the threshold of CAP. The threshold shift in CAP after acoustic overstimulation (110, 115, or 130 dB SPL for 10 min) was measured in the cervical SNS stimulation group, in the cervical SNS elimination group, and in the control group. When the animal was under insufficient sedation, there was no difference among these three groups. However, the CAP threshold shift was significantly smaller in the cervical SNS stimulation group than in the other two groups when the animals were sufficiently sedated. The cervical SNS stimulation had some protective effect on the susceptibility to acoustic trauma when the systemic SNS activity was suppressed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

Tooth loss and mandibular osteopenia.

The relationship between mandibular bone mass and tooth loss was studied in 269 patients who had neither metabolic disease nor local lesions affecting the mandibular cortex. In all of the subjects, the outline of the mental foramen was distinctly disclosed on unilateral or bilateral panoramic radiographs. Mandibular bone mass was evaluated by determining the mandibular cortical width in the mental region with the use of panoramic radiographs. The relationships of mandibular cortical width to patient age and sex and the number of teeth present were also investigated. In male subjects, there was no significant correlation between the number of teeth present and the mandibular cortical width. Among women in their seventh decade, those with 15 or more teeth showed significantly greater mandibular cortical width than those with fewer teeth. Decrease of mandibular bone mass was positively correlated with tooth loss in female subjects.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

Oral signs as indicators of possible osteoporosis in elderly women.

The relationship between oral signs and osteoporosis was investigated to assess the possibility of using this as an indicator of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Sixty-four women between the ages of 50 and 70 years were evaluated. Osteoporotic signs consisted of thoracic spine fracture as demonstrated on lateral chest radiographs. Oral signs were the number of teeth present, mandibular cortical width, alveolar bone resorption, and the morphologic classification of the inferior cortex on panoramic radiographs. The number of teeth present (N) was highly related to the probability of thoracic spine fracture and was used to derive the probability equation for the presence of thoracic spine fracture: probability value = 1/(1 + e-z), Z = 18.68-0.29 age -0.27N. A probability value higher than 0.5 suggests the possibility of thoracic spine fracture. It was concluded that this equation could serve as a simple and useful tool for dentists to assess the possibility of latent osteoporosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Possible identity of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. One entity or two.

On the basis of the findings of nine of our patients and our review of previously reported cases of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, we discuss the similarity of these two entities. Our nine patients had initially been given diagnoses of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis on the basis of their clinicopathologic findings. However, technetium 99m-MDP bone scans performed on four of them revealed multiple bone lesions leading to the diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Furthermore, no clear difference between clinical features in the patients with multiple bone lesions and those in the patients with diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis was found. We conclude that diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis is an expression of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Recurrent lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma spreading along the pathway of the inferior alveolar nerve.

Computed tomography images showed recurrent lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma spreading from the mandibular foramen to the middle cranial fossa. This extensive tumor spread followed exactly the same anatomic pathway as the inferior alveolar nerve. Histopathologic examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor spread was thought to be caused by perineural invasion. This case demonstrates computed tomography features of perineural tumor spread along the inferior alveolar nerve.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

Increased IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) production and decreased IL-1 beta/IL-1ra ratio in mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients.

In order to investigate the possible role of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), this study was undertaken to measure the amounts of IL-1ra and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) protein produced by mononuclear cells (MNC) and to investigate the relationship between production of these cytokines and clinical parameters. The MNC were cultured for 24 h and the supernatants were measured for IL-1ra and IL-1 beta by ELISA kits. MNC from peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid of RA patients produced significantly higher amounts of IL-1ra than normal PBMNC (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). When the IL-1 beta/IL-1ra ratio was calculated, IL-1 beta/IL-1ra ratios of RA PBMNC were significantly lower than those of normal PBMNC (P < 0.001). The IL-1 beta/IL-1ra ratio of RA PBMNC was significantly higher in active RA patients than in RA patients in remission (P < 0.02). The amounts of IL-1ra produced by stimulated RA PBMNC positively correlated with the joint score (P < 0.05), serum CRP levels (P < 0.05) and the amounts of IL-1 beta produced (P < 0.01). The amounts of IL-1ra produced by unstimulated RA PBMNC did not correlate with any of the clinical parameters studied. Gold sodium thiomalate (GST), but not auranofin, increased IL-1ra production in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Delineation of producing ability of IgG and IgA subclasses by naive B cells in newborn infants and adult individuals.

Neonatal B cells with the naive (sIgD+) phenotype are able to generate IgG- and IgA-producing cells as well as IgM production in the presence of memory CD4+ T cells expressing L-selectin (CD62L) in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures. We used this system to examine comparatively the ability of naive B cells to produce IgG and IgA subclasses in newborn infants and adult individuals. Naive B cells were enriched from both donors on the basis of sIgD positivity, and memory (CD45RO+) CD4+ T cells with CD62L expression were isolated from adults. We here demonstrate some differences in profiles of IgG and IgA subclass production between neonatal and adult naive B cells. In neonatal B cells, IgG1 and IgG3 were predominantly produced, but IgG2 and IgG4 production was virtually absent. Similar to neonatal B cells, adult naive B cells produced mainly IgG1 and IgG3, although memory (sIgD-) B cells from adults secreted all of the IgG subclasses. It should be noted that low but detectable levels of IgG2 and IgG4 were found in adults' naive B cell cultures. Although IgA produced by neonatal B cells was exclusively IgA1, IgA2-secreting cells were identifiable in adult naive B cells. The results suggest that further class switch of naive B cells to IgG2, IgG4 and IgA2 in addition to IgG1 and IgG3 may be controlled by their own age-dependent maturation process.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A comparative study of eosinophil isolation by different procedures of CD16-negative depletion.

Eosinophils were isolated by the three methods of CD16-negative depletion: 1) magnetic beads, 2) fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), and 3) complement reaction. Their purity, yield, and viability were compared. The second procedure produced well purity and viability (94.65 +/- 1.51% and 94.98 +/- 1.40%, respectively) but low yield of eosinophils (65.47 +/- 2.47%). The viability of cells obtained by the third procedure was not efficient (80.83 +/- 2.85%), while the purity and the yield were efficient (96.23 +/- 1.09% and 90.75 +/- 1.72%, respectively). In conclusion, the magnetic beads method (purity: 98.02 +/- 0.45%, yield: 91.05 +/- 2.43%, viability: 97.57 +/- 0.37%) was the most advantageous of these three procedures. Moreover, in the functional assay, radical oxygen products from eosinophils isolated by the procedure with complement reaction were less than with the magnetic beads or FACS procedures.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1995

Mapping of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in peripheral tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats by in vitro autoradiography.

1. The regulation of angiotensin II (AII) receptor subtypes was studied in peripheral tissues of 20 week old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. 2. AII receptor binding was determined by a quantitative in vitro autoradiography using [125I]-[Sar1,Ile8]AII as a ligand on the kidney, adrenal gland, thoracic aorta and heart. CV-11974, a specific AT1 receptor antagonist, and CGP42112B, a specific AT2 antagonist, were used in competition with [125I]-[Sar1,Ile8]AII to differentiate AT1 and AT2 receptor binding. 3. The relative abundance of each subtype was very similar between SHR and WKY rats. In both strains of rats, the adrenal cortex contained predominantly AT1 receptors, while AT2 receptors predominated in the adrenal medulla. The kidney contained exclusively AT1 receptors over glomeruli, proximal tubules and outer medulla. AT1 receptors were predominant in the thoracic aorta and heart. 4. As for relative receptor density, important differences were observed between SHR and WKY rats. In SHR, the adrenal cortex, outer medulla of the kidney, and heart displayed higher AT1 receptor density than WKY rats. 5. These results indicate that the expression of AT1 receptors is differently regulated in some important targets of AII in SHR, and suggest that the altered regulation of AT1 receptor presented in this study should be relevant to the pathophysiological features of SHR.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1995

A nuclear factor (NF2d9) that binds to the male-specific P450 (Cyp 2d-9) gene in mouse liver.

Expression of the Cyp 2d-9 (steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase) gene in mouse liver is male specific in such Mus musculus domesticus strains as FVB/N, whereas the corresponding P450 genes in the wild mouse species Mus spretus are not sex specific in their expression. These parental differences in the gene expressions were independently inherited in F1 offspring from crosses of FVB/N and M. spretus. A 5' flanking sequence (-110CTC CTCCCTATTCCGGGCC-92) was defined as a regulatory element (named SDI-A1) for the domestic Cyp 2d-9 promoter. The nucleotide which corresponds to T at position -99 within SDI-A1 was found to be substituted with C in the wild mouse P450 genes. The placing of C at position -99 abolished the transcriptional activity of SDI-A1 in HepG2 cells as well as the binding of SDI-A1 to a nuclear factor. This factor (designated NF2d9) was purified from mouse nuclear extracts, and its cDNA cloned. The purified NF2d9 bound to SDI-A1 but not to the mutated SDI-A1 with C at position -99. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that NF2d9 is 72 and 94% identical to mouse CP2 and human LBP-1a, respectively. NF2d9 thus belongs to the CP2 family and is the mouse homolog of human LBP-1a, which modulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription. Anti-NF2d9, which was raised against the bacterially expressed protein, supershifted the SDI-A1 complex with the liver nuclear extract. Both the bacterially expressed and in vitro-translated NF2d9 inhibited SDI-A1 complex formation, although they did not bind to SDI-A1 directly. The results, therefore, indicate that the domestic Cyp 2d-9 gene can be regulated through a specific association of NF2d9 with SDI-A1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Effect of mild hypothermia on the coefficient of oxygen delivery in hypoxemic dogs.

Hypothermia is one of therapeutic options in patients with severe acute respiratory failure. This study was designed to determine the optimum core temperature during hypoxemia by analyzing oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2). Six dogs were ventilated using a mixed gas of N2 and air (fractional concn of O2 in inspired gas = 0.12) with total muscle relaxation under general anesthesia. Hypoxia (arterial PO2 approximately 35 Torr) was maintained during the experimental period. The core temperature was reduced progressively from 37 to 30 degrees C by surface cooling. The coefficient of oxygen delivery was defined as DO2 divided by VO2. In each animal, the DO2/VO2 was calculated by altering the core temperature by 1 degrees C, and its relative value was a third-order polynomial function of core temperature having a maximum value at a core temperature of 32.1 +/- 0.46 degrees C. At a core temperature of 32 degrees C, the blood lactate level was significantly lower than that at a core temperature of 37 degrees C (6.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 12.2 +/- 1.6 mg/dl; P < 0.05). The relative value of the DO2/VO2 was highest with limited lactate elevation at a core temperature approximately 32 degrees C. Under the condition of hypoxia, mild hypothermia approximately 32 degrees C may be optimal to improve oxygen demand-supply balance.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Oral air pressure and nasal air flow rate on levator veli palatini muscle activity in patients wearing a speech appliance.

This study was designed to determine if levator veli palatini muscle activity can be elicited by simultaneous changes in oral air pressure and nasal air flow when a speech appliance is in place. The speech appliances routinely worn by 15 subjects were each modified experimentally by drilling a hole in the vertical center of the pharyngeal bulb. The air flow rate into the nasal cavity through the opening in the bulb was altered by changing the circular area of the opening in the bulb from the occluded condition (Condition I), to circular area of 12.6 mm2 (4 mm in diameter; Condition II), and then to 38.5 mm2 (7 mm in diameter; Condition III). Electromyographic activity was measured from the levator veli palatini muscle with changes in nasal air flow rate and oral air pressure. Levator veli palatini muscle activity was correlated with changes in nasal air flow and oral air pressure. Increases in levator veli palatini muscle activity were associated with increases in nasal air flow rate compared to oral air pressure changes. The results indicated that aerodynamic variables of nasal air flow and oral air pressure might be involved in the neural control of speech production in individuals wearing a speech appliance, even if the subjects exhibit velopharyngeal incompetence without using a speech appliance. Also, the stimulating effect of bulb reduction therapy on velopharyngeal function might be achieved through the change in aerodynamic variables in association with the bulb reduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effect of acoustic overstimulation on the hydropic ear.

The effect of acoustic overstimulation (2 kHz pure tone) on the compound action potential (CAP) threshold was investigated at frequencies ranging from 2 to 16 kHz using albino guinea pigs, both normal and with experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops. The hydropic ears were less susceptible to acoustic overstimulation than the normal ears. As the CAP threshold was raised, the frequency exhibiting the greatest CAP threshold shift increased in both animal groups. The tendency was more noticeable in the hydropic ears than in the normal ears. These results are discussed from the aspect of cochlear hydrodynamics.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1995

Inhibitory effect of dopamine on gastric motility in rats.

BACKGROUND: There is disagreement with regard to the involvement of dopamine (DA) receptors in gastric motility. The mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of DA on rat gastric motility was investigated in association with acetylcholine (Ach) release in the present study. METHODS: In vivo vagotomized, splanchnicectomized rats and control rats were used, and gastric movement was determined as the gastric motility index after DA administration. In vitro study of Ach release from the circular muscle strips of the gastric corpus was investigated after administration of domperidone, SCH23390, phentolamine, or propranolol. RESULTS: In the in vivo study DA inhibited gastric motility in a dose-dependent manner. Vagotomy and splanchnicectomy had no effect on the inhibitory effect of DA. In vitro study DA inhibited [3H]-Ach release in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of DA was antagonized by domperidone but not by phentolamine, propranolol, or SCH23390. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of gastric motility by dopamine is independent of extrinsic innervation and seems to be mediated by DA2 receptors in the gastric wall.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

[Initial and short-term results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients over 70 years old: recent improvements in effectiveness].

Elderly patients have a higher incidence of procedure-related complications and recurrent angina after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). However, early success rates seem to have improved. To determine whether outcome of PTCA in the elderly has changed recently, we compared initial results and short-term outcome in patients over 70 years old in two groups; 64 patients with 70 PTCA lesions who underwent first elective PTCA in 1982-1989 (early group) and 140 patients with 153 PTCA lesions in 1990-1993 (late group). The mean age of the late group was significantly older than that of the early group (74 +/- 3 vs 73 +/- 2 years, p < 0.01). The two groups had similar clinical characteristics including sex, prior myocardial infarction and multivessel disease. The overall success rate of PTCA was significantly higher in the late group than in the early group (92.8% vs 82.8%, p < 0.05). The rate of abrupt closure was similar in the two groups (2.9% vs 2.6%). Major complications (procedural myocardial infarction, emergency bypass surgery, hospital death) occurred in 4.7% of the early group and in 3.6% of the late group. Angiographic restenosis occurred in 41.5% of the early group and in 33.6% of the late group. Cardiac events (cardiac death and/or myocardial infarction) occurred in 6.6% of the early group and in 1.5% of the late group (p = 0.06). The initial success rate of PTCA has improved in the elderly as well as younger patients (< 70; 92.8% vs 91.6%). We conclude that PTCA can be performed with high initial success and satisfactory short-term outcome in patients over 70 years old.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[A case report of a 6-year-old boy with intracranial yolk sac tumor treated by VAB-6 regimen].

Several clinical trials have demonstrated that cisplatin-based chemotherapy for primary intracranial germ-cell tumors is effective as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this report, we describe a 6-year-old boy, Down syndrome and Hirschsprung's disease with intracranial pure yolk sac tumor treated by combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin and cyclophosphamide (modified VAB-6 regimen). He had been admitted to our hospital because of intractable vomiting, and left facial nerve palsy since 1 month before. An MRI revealed an enlarged mass, 4cm in diameter, in the left cerebello-pontine angle with uniformal enhancement by Gd-DTPA, and bilateral ventricular dilatation. He was found to have increased serum alpha-fetoprotein level (AFP 11, 786ng/ml), but not human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit. After a partial resection of the tumor, diagnosed as pure yolk sac tumor, and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, three courses of combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, bleomycin, vinblastine and cyclophosphamide (modified VAB-6 therapy) were carried out. The serum AFP level returned to normal, and the tumor mass entirely disappeared (a complete response) on MRI after the second course of chemotherapy. However, cisplatin-induced vomiting and mild neutropenia and renal tubular injury developed after the third course of chemotherapy. Irrespective of administration of recombinant human G-CSF and broad spectrum antibiotics, he suffered from pneumonia and died of septic shock and multiple organ failure. Autopsy showed microscopic residual tumors. The combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, bleomycin, vinblastine and cyclophosphamide is effective for initial treatment of childhood intracranial yolk sac tumor. It is necessary, however, to reevaluate the cisplatin dosage and treatment schedule in order to reduce such side effects as bone marrow suppression and renal damage.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗