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Biomedical subjects

T Toyota

Publications and source records attributed to T Toyota.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effect of taurine administration on serum lipid and biliary lipid composition in man.

The effect of oral administration of taurine (3.2 g/day, 2 weeks) on the metabolism of lipids and bile acids was studied with healthy humans. Four male subjects were fed taurine. Another five male subjects were administered 1 g of cholesterol daily for two weeks and, at intervals of two weeks, cholesterol and taurine simultaneously. Serum lipoprotein and duodenal bile were analyzed. Oral administration of taurine resulted in the increase of taurine-conjugated bile acids. However, neither serum lipid nor biliary lipid composition was altered. Addition of taurine with cholesterol administration showed elevation of both the serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level and the lithogenic index in bile. The ratio of glycine-to taurine-conjugated bile acids was changed from 4.1 to 0.63. The ratio of cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid was augmented from 0.57 to 0.81. The percentage of taurocholic acid, taurochenodexycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid were increased about 4-fold, 2.5-fold and 3-fold, respectively. Our results suggested that taurine administration alone did not influence the serum lipid level although taurine-conjugated bile acids were increased. The taurine intake would increase serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and biliary cholesterol levels when excessive cholesterol is administered simultaneously.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Light and electron microscope study on developing intestinal mucosa in rat fetuses with special reference to the obliteration of the intestinal lumen.

The development of the small intestine in rat fetuses was studied by light and electron microscopy with special reference to morphological events during the stage of obliteration. Prior to this stage, the epithelium lining the intestinal lumen was simple, tall and columnar and consisted of undifferentiated cells mutually joined by the adluminal junctional complex. At the stage of obliteration, the epithelium appeared stratified and the intestinal lumen was identified as a narrow irregular slit. In addition to the junctional complex surrounding the intestinal lumen, secondary junctional complexes were scattered in the more basal parts of the epithelium. The intra-epithelial cavity was formed within the macula occludens of the secondary junctional complex and became larger by division of the surrounding cells. Since the small intestinal epithelium was essentially simple columnar, mitosis occurred facing the lumen. At the stage of obliteration when the number of epithelial cells was rapidly increasing, mitosis occurred facing not only the main intestinal lumen but also the intra-epithelial cavity. As the intra-epithelial cavities fused with the main intestinal lumen, mesenchyme invaded to form villi and the epithelium returned to a simple columnar form. Consequently, the intestinal lumen was enlarged and villi were formed. At the same time, absorptive cells with a brush border appeared in the villous epithelium and immature goblet cells were occasionally seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The association of gap junctions with large particles in the crypt epithelium of the rat small intestine.

Intercellular junctions in the epithelium of the rat small intestine were studied by the freeze-fracture method. Gap junctions were found between columnar cells of the crypt far more frequently than between absorptive cells of the villus. In addition, in the crypt, large particles 11 to 13 nm in diameter were often associated with the gap junction which primarily consisted of usual gap junctional particles 8 to 9 nm in diameter. Both the usual and large particles possessed a central pit. The intestinal crypt is the site of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in the process of physiological cell renewal. The predominant presence of gap junctions in this region suggests that they play a certain role in the proliferation and differentiation of crypt columnar cells. Further studies are required to elucidate the nature of the large particles, a precursor of typical connexons and/or a functionally different gap junction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Randomized-controlled study of treatment with UFT-MMC or UFT-ACR in advanced gastric cancer. Tohoku Study Group of Cancer Treatment for the Digestive Organs].

The effect of UFT-MMC- or UFT-ACR-therapy on the unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer was studied by a multicenter, randomized-controlled trial. All the patients who were randomly divided into the two groups were administered orally with 400 or 600 mg/day of UFT everyday. In addition, the UFT-MMC group was intravenously injected weekly for three weeks and then triweekly after six weeks with 6 or 8 mg/body of MMC, while the UFT-ACR group was intravenously injected with 20 mg/body of ACR for 5 serial-days every three weeks. Out of 88 cases registered, 75 (85.2%) were evaluable, consisting of 40 (31 complete cases) in UFT-MMC and 35 (27 complete cases) in UFT-ACR. There was no difference in various background factors between the two groups. PR, NC and PD was 10/31, 15/31 and 6/31 in the UFT-MMC group, whereas 0/27, 22/27 and 5/27 in the UFT-ACR group, respectively. The efficacy in the former group was higher, though not significant (U-test, p = 0.052), than that in the latter group. However, there was no difference in the 50% survival time (4.9 months in UFT-MMC vs. 5.4 months in UFT-ACR) of the either group.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1989

[Change of blood lentinan level in patients with advanced cancers].

A conventional limulus test can detect not only endotoxin but also beta(1----3) glucan. Therefore, with a quantitative limulus test, the limulus colorimetric test, we studied the pharmacokinetics of lentinan, an antitumor beta(1----3) glucan preparation, in the blood of 10 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with advanced cancers. The calibration curve of lentinan in the human plasma was linear in the range of 0 to 100 ng/ml. Two mg of lentinan was administered once a week and blood samplings for the measurement were done immediately before the next lentinan administration to document trough-levels serially at a week interval. Trough-levels tended to rise gradually and showed a rapid elevation between 4 and 8 weeks after beginning of administration. This phenomenon may correlate closely with the antitumor effect of lentinan and, therefore, deserves further investigations.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of cisapride on delayed gastric emptying in diabetic patients].

Delayed gastric emptying is supposed to affect glycemic control in diabetic patients by relative over dosing of insulin to blood glucose level due to delayed absorption of nutrients. Therefore, treatment of delayed gastric emptying is important in diabetic patients. Cisapride, a potent gastrokinetic agents, has been reported to activate the motility from stomach to colon. We evaluated the effect of acute oral administration of cisapride in seven diabetic patients (aged 46-62) with delayed gastric emptying. All patients complicated with autonomic neuropathy. Ten mg of cisapride was administered orally 30 minutes before breakfast and lunch on the day of study. Gastric emptying study was done using 99mTc-tin colloid labeled omelet meal served with 2 slices of toast and 200 ml of milk. With cisapride, the retention rate at time of 150 minutes decreased from 76 +/- 10% to 47 +/- 13% (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.001) and starting index shortened from 86 +/- 28 minutes to 38 +/- 27 minutes (p less than 0.05). Gastric emptying speed became faster from 0.31 +/- 0.16%/min to 0.43 +/- 0.12%/min (0.2 greater than p greater than 0.1). Blood glucose level before meal decreased from 117 +/- 27 mg/dl (mean +/- SE) to 74 +/- 7 mg/dl (n.s.), and difference between basal and maximal blood glucose level became larger from 46 +/- 27 mg/dl to 84 +/- 30 mg/dl (n.s.). We conclude that acute oral administration of cisapride has significant effect in improving delayed emptying of solid meal in diabetic patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Apolipoprotein E phenotypes of normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia in Japanese.

Apolipoprotein E phenotypes of normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia in Japanese were examined by the disc gel isoelectric focusing technique, which was modified according to the method of Kashyap et al. (1981). Apoprotein E isoproteins were clearly separated by this method. Six phenotypes (E2/2, E3/3, E4/4, E2/3, E2/4 and E3/4) were determined in 107 cases of normolipoproteinemia and 75 cases of hyperlipoproteinemia. In normolipoproteinemia, apoE phenotype frequencies were similar to those of the Japanese and Caucasian populations which were reported previously. In hyperlipoproteinemia, a higher frequency of phenotype E2/2 and a lower frequency of E3/3 were observed. The apo E phenotypes of type IIa and IIb were distributed similarly to that of normal subjects. In contrast, only 27.8% of type IV patients had E3/3 phenotype. Among type V patients 64.3% was homozygous or heterozygous for E-4, and only 14.3% was homozygous for E-3 (E3/3). The results suggest that the apolipoprotein E phenotypes are similarly distributed among different human races and the apolipoprotein E phenotypes could be one of the etiological factors associated with some types of hyperlipoproteinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Angiogenesis factors in ocular tissues of normal rabbits on chorioallantoic membrane assay.

Recent studies have shown that angiogenesis-stimulatory factors exist in ocular tissues and play a crucial role in the development of some eye disorders such as diabetic retinopathy. However, there are few reports that studied location of angiogenesis factors in ocular tissues of experimental animals. We studied angiogenesis factors in ocular tissues of normal rabbits by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Extracts derived from the retina, iris-ciliary body and optic nerve showed an evident activity of angiogenesis. Retinal extracts at 10 micrograms showed a strong angiogenic activity in 50% of CAMs (p less than 0.01). On the other hand, bovine serum albumin which is heterogeneous protein showed only a slight angiogenic activity at a high concentration (1,000 micrograms). The iris-ciliary body and optic nerve showed also an angiogenic activity as did the retina. Extracts from the heart, liver and serum showed no activity of angiogenesis. Thus, angiogenic activity was strongly present in the ocular tissues, especially in retina of the normal rabbits.

Allantois↗
PubMed1988

NOD mice with high incidence of type 1 diabetes are not T lymphocytopenic.

An autoimmune pathogenesis has been indicated in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Previously we reported that non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice as an animal model of spontaneously developing IDDM were immunologically characterized by T lymphocytopenia and impaired cellular immunities. The cumulative incidence of diabetes in the T lymphocytopenic female NOD mice was 10-20% by 24 weeks of age. On the other hand, the incidence of diabetes are 80-90% in the female NOD/Shi-Sendai (S), in whom proportion of lymophocyte subsets has not been known yet. Therefore, we examined the spleen cells of female NOD/Shi-S and female NOD/Shi with high incidence of diabetes, and of female Jcl:ICR as a control. Cell numbers, populations of T cells (Thy 1.2+, Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+), B cells (surface-Ig+), NK cells (acialo GM1+) and responsiveness to Concanavalin A were analyzed as immunological parameters. In contrast to the T lymphocytopenic NOD, these immunological parameters were not impaired in the NOD/Shi-S and NOD/Shi in comparison to those of Jcl:ICR. The results indicate that there may be a positive association between the incidence of diabetes and T cell number and functions in female NOD mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Treatment with streptococcal preparation (OK-432) suppresses anti-islet autoimmunity and prevents diabetes in BB rats.

We have recently shown that a streptococcal preparation (OK-432) inhibits insulitis and prevents diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We extended this study to another model of IDDM, namely BB rats. Male and female BB rats were injected weekly with 0.2 mg OK-432 i.p. starting from 5 to 6 wk and continuing through 20 or 30 wk of age. The cumulative incidence of IDDM over 20 wk in the OK-432-treated BB rats (4 of 54, 7.4%) was significantly (P less than .01) lower than that found in the nontreated BB rats (13 of 47, 27.7%). We examined some of these rats as follows. All of the OK-432-treated BB rats tested showed normal glucose levels before and after oral glucose administrations, as did the nontreated and nondiabetic BB rats. Histological examination of pancreatic sections revealed that the OK-432-treated rats retained a greater number of intact islets without infiltration of the mononuclear cells than did the nontreated BB rats. A preliminary in vitro study further demonstrated that the cytotoxic activities of spleen cells against a rat insulinoma cell line, RIN, were suppressed in the OK-432-treated rat. However, the treatment of BB rats with OK-432 showed no suppressive effects in the spleen cell number, the responsiveness of spleen cells to concanavalin A, the populations of OX19+, W3/25+, and OX8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes, or in the titers of cell surface antibody against RIN. These results suggest that a nonimmunosuppressive immunomodulator such as OK-432 may be useful as an agent for immunotherapy of IDDM.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Endoscopic appearance of the intussuscepted appendix and accurate preoperative diagnosis.

Intussusception of the appendix in a 25-yr-old man was diagnosed preoperatively. Only six such cases have been reported. This patient presented with episodes of recurrent severe right lower abdominal pain, each episode separated by several uneventful months. The diagnosis was made by radiological visualization of a polypoid lesion with a dimple at the top in the caput cecum, and by the endoscopic appearance of the polypoid mass. A sessile polypoid mass (about 1 cm) that looked like foreskin and glans was observed by colonoscopy. The dimple at the top, like glans, was partially reddish, and the steeply sloped surface, like foreskin turned inside out, was smooth. The area of dimple at the top became discernibly smaller and the appearance changed as air was led into cecum. Appendectomy was without untoward events, and the patient no longer experienced such episodes. Although intussusception of the appendix is rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal syndrome.

Adult↗