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Biomedical subjects

T Toyama

Publications and source records attributed to T Toyama.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[A personal diffusion sampler for evaluating time weighted exposure to gaseous hydrogen sulfide (author's transl)].

A simple badge type diffusion tube, 35 mm photo film plastic case, was used for evaluating time-weighted exposure to H2S using reagent impregnated filters (Whatman No. 1). The black shade of the reagent filter, 10% Pb(OAc)2 and 2% AgNO3 under the concentration of H2S below 20 ppm for 2 to 4 hours agreed inversely to the diffusion length of the tube, and lineally well correlated with dose-time unit (C X T) and the theoretical value of diffusion. The device was proved to be capable of being used in realistic working conditions provided that there is no extreme fluctuations of H2S.

Diffusion↗
PubMed1980

[Immunological parameters in lead workers (author's transl)].

There have been few published data on immunological effects of lead in man. In this report, blood lead concentration, lymphocyte count, T-cell and B-cell lymphocyte subpopulation and absolute count, peripheral eosinophil count and PHA induced in vitro blastoid transformation were studied in 35 lead smelters and 11 control workers. T-cell subpopulation was significantly lower and B-cell subpopulation as well as B-cell absolute count were significantly higher in lead workers compared to the control workers. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were found in T-cell absolute count and PHA induced blastoid transformation. Consequently, it was concluded that any quantitative or qualitative change may not be induced in T-cell lymphocytes at the observed level of lead exposure and it was suggested that the humoral immunity of lead workers was influenced by apparent increase of B-cell lymphocyte count in lead workers. The dose-effect relationship between blood lead concentration and the increase in B-cell lymphocyte count could not be ascertained due to the lack of data at intermediate levels of lead exposure.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

[Chrysotile fiber count in asbestos-cement board plants (author's transl)].

An asbestos fiber counting trial has been conducted in 19 asbestos-cement board plants throughout Japan, based on the phase-contrast microscopic count on membrane filter samples. In the four working places, i.e., bag carrying-in, bag opening, board cutting and shipping, airborne chrysotile fiber counts in 1 cm3 of air, the geometric mean and standard deviation were 1.86 (1.73), 3.87 (3.01), 2.34 (2.59) and 1.26 (2.17) respectively. Mean size distribution (geometrical length) of the fiber in bag opening and board cutting were 8.91 micrometers (sigmag 2.88) and 5.51 micrometers (sigmag 1.22) respectively by measuring on the magnified photomicrographs. As the clearing agent of filters, dimethyl phthalate with diethyl oxalate containing dissolved filter material was used.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1978

Haemodynamic responses to induced arterial hypotension in children.

Cardiovascular measurements were made in 12 children in whom arterial hypotension was induced with pentolinium and halothane. Propranolol was given to five patients who exhibited tachycardia. Measurements were made at the following stages: before induction of hypotension, 5 min after the administration of pentolinium, when a "dry" opening field was obtained, at the time of maximum hypotension and when arterial pressure had returned to 90% of the control values. The decrease in arterial pressure 5 min after the administration of pentolinium was accompanied by tachycardia, but there was no significant change in cardiac index and the operative field was congested. A substantial decrease in cardiac output occurred when a "dry" field was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Haemodynamic responses to antagonism of bocurarine block with atropine-neostigmine mixture in children.

Following antagonism of tubocurarine block with a mixture of atropine 20 microgram/kg and neostigmine 50 microgram/kg in 20 children, heart rate decreased from a control value of 110.4 beat/min to 90.1 at 5 min and 89.2 at 6 min (P less than 0.02). Stroke volume index did not change during the first 5 min from a control value of 36.3 ml. beat--1.m--2 but a significant increase to 48 ml. beat--1. m--2 was observed at the 6th and 7th mins following the injection of the mixture (P less than 0.05). Cardiac index and mean arterial pressure remained unaltered throughout the period of observation. Normal sinus rhythm was maintained in all patients. It was concluded that antagonism of tubocurarine with an atropine-neostigmine mixture does not produce any important haemodynamic change in children.

Atropine↗
PubMed1976

Premedicant drugs and gastric juice pH and volume in pediatric patients.

The effects of premedication on gastric juice volume and pH were evaluated in five groups of 206 pediatric patients undergoing elective surgical procedures: Group 1 (Control) received no premedication; Group 2 was given morphine sulfate and pentobarbital as premedicants. The other groups received, in addition to morphine and pentobarbital, atropine (Group 3), scopolamine (Group 4), or glycopyrrolate (Group 5). After endotracheal intubation, gastric aspirates were examined for volume, pH and color. Neither premedication with morphine and pentobarbital nor addition of atropine or scopolamine to the premedication significantly altered volume. In patients treated with glycopyrrolate, volume was reduced to less than a third of that of patients in Group 1 (P less than 0.001), and the percentage of pH's higher than 2.5 was significantly greater than in other groups. The incidences of unobtainable samples and samples with pH's higher than 2.5 were greatest with atropine (32.0 per cent, P less than 0.05) and glycopyrrolate (58.1 per cent, P less than 0.01). In 60 per cent of the bile-stained specimens, pH's were below 2.5. It is concluded that because of its selective inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretions, glycopyrrolate appears superior to other anticholinergic drugs. The reduction of gastric juice volume and acidity produced by glycopyrrolate would have important clinical implications in case of accidental aspiration. It is also concluded that bile staining of gastric contents is not a reliable indicator of gastric juice pH.

Atropine↗
PubMed1975

A huge villous tumor of rectum: a case report.

Villous tumor of the large intestine was first identified and named by Holmes in 1858. It is said to account for 1.4 to 2.5 per cent of all tumors of the large intestine, but only sporadic cases have been reported in Japan. Although considerably large villous tumors are known to exist, reports refering to them, home and abroad, show that there are no more than 50 known cases which had diameters exceeding 10 cm1). This paper presents one of our recent experience of the tumor whose diameter reached 20 cm.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1975

Effects of hexamethonium and other ganglionic blocking agents on electrical activity of the esophagus induced by vagal stimulation in the dog.

Electrical activity of the dog's esophagus was evoked by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve and recorded by using a suction electrode placed on the serosal surface of the esophagus. Neuromuscular blocking agents (d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine) blocked this activity, while atropine had no effect. Hexamethonium (in doses which did not effect neuromuscular transmission in the diaphragm) and high doses of nicotine significantly depressed the evoked esophageal electrical activity, while lower doses of nicotine facilitated the response. The results suggest that a certain proportion of the striated muscle of the esophagus is innervated by processes from the intermediate ganglion cells in the Auerbach plexus.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗