A case report and review of the literature on pedunculated exogastric leiomyosarcomas are presented. Although about one-fourth of the stromal tumors (common leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas) of the stomach grow in an exogastric configuration, pedunculated exogastric leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare. At present there is no evidence of intraperitoneal seeding from exogastric leiomyosarcomas. Consequently, a local resection with an adequate margin is sufficient when no invasion to the adjacent structures, is observed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy in the epididymis. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (PNTI) is a rare pigmentary tumor. Cytologic study of this tumor had not been performed before. In the present study, cytology of such a tumor was done in addition to histology, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. CASE: A 5-month-old infant had a scrotal tumor. After tumorectomy, touch smear for cytology revealed small and large tumor cells. The small cells showed a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and the large cells contained pigment in their cytoplasm. Histologically, the small cells and large, pigmented cells showed a typical alveolar and tubular pattern, respectively. The small cells neuroblastlike and the large cells showed melanocytelike features ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. CONCLUSION: Cytology has not been applied to the diagnoses of PNTI. In our opinion, fine needle aspiration cytology could be helpful in the preoperative diagnosis of this tumor.

Biomarkers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of vitamin B6 on dental caries in rats.

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Acrodynia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of the hypoosmotic swelling test and acrosin activity assay for identifying subpopulations of idiopathic infertile men.

Semen samples collected from fertile donors (n = 13) and pooled samples from idiopathic infertile men (n = 19) were used in this study. Measurements of the total sperm acrosin activity and the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) were performed in all the samples. The percentage of swollen spermatozoa and acrosin profiles were significantly lower in the infertile men than in the fertile donors. Considering the lowest values of the outcome of the HOST and the acrosin activity assay in the group of fertile men as the lowest normal values, it was proven that HOST and acrosin activity assay could identify subpopulations of infertile men of 37 and 26%, respectively. The results tend to support the employment of the HOST and the acrosin activity assay in the evaluation of idiopathic infertile men.

Acrosin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase on acrosome reaction induced by protein kinase C activators.

To determine whether the adenylate cyclase and the protein kinase C pathways act independently to modulate the human sperm acrosome reaction, we studied the effects of 2'-O-methyladenosine (adenylate cyclase inhibitor) on acrosome reactions induced by protein kinase C activators (phorbol diesters and synthetic diacylglycerols) or an adenylate cyclase stimulator (forskolin:FR). Fifty aliquots of capacitated spermatozoa were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, and E), each containing 10 samples. One control aliquot (CN) and five experimental aliquots (EX1, EX2, EX3, EX4, and EX5) were prepared from each sample. Phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA, 10 mumol/L), 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (PDD, 0.1 mumol/L), 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG, 50 mumol/L), 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG, 50 mumol/L), or FR (10 mumol/L) was added to each of the experimental aliquots in groups A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Increasing concentrations of 2'-O-methyladenosine were added to aliquots EX2, EX3, EX4, and EX5. After an incubation period of 25 min at 37 degrees C, it was found that the percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa (%ARS) was significantly and dose-dependently decreased by 2'-O-methyladenosine concentrations of 1 mM or more. Within each group, the %ARS was significantly higher in EX1 aliquots than in CN aliquots. The reduction of acrosome reactions induced by protein kinase C activators by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor suggests that the protein kinase C pathway interacts with the adenylate cyclase pathway to modulate the human sperm acrosome reaction.

Acrosome↗