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Biomedical subjects

T Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to T Tanabe.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Protection by glycerol of urinary L-alanine aminopeptidase activity from freezing and thawing inactivation.

L-Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities in urine are sensitive indicators of renal damage. However, urinary AAP loses its activity during storage in the frozen state. This study proposes a method for preventing the inactivation of AAP by adding glycerol to a final concentration of 10% to a urine sample before freezing and thawing. This study also showed that NAG is stable to freezing and thawing and is not affected by addition of glycerol.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1984

Inhibitory effect of 6-aminonicotinamide on the renal transport of para-aminohippurate in the rat.

In this study, we investigated the effect of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), a typical potent inhibitor of the pentose phosphate pathway, on the renal transport of para-aminohippurate (PAH) in the rat. The contents of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) and 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG) in the kidney were measured at intervals of 2 hours after the administration of 6-AN (75 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). It was found that the 6-PG content in the kidney rapidly increased and reached a plateau at the fourth hour after the administration, with this level being maintained up to the eighth hour. In contrast, the ATP content was found to remain normal up to the sixth hour, after which it significantly decreased as time elapsed. Furthermore, additional experiments were carried out by loading the rat with a high concentration of PAH solution at 6 hours after the administration of 6-AN. The renal tubular secretion maximum for PAH was significantly depressed in the 6-AN group in comparison to the control. These results suggest that this depression in renal PAH secretion capacity was partially due to the inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway in the kidney, but not due to the change of renal ATP level.

6-Aminonicotinamide↗
PubMed1984

Inhibitory effect of nicotine on chemiluminescence response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by opsonized zymosan in vitro.

Effect of nicotine on chemiluminescence (CL) responses of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro was investigated. Nicotine, ranging from 10(-5) to 5 X 10(-4)M, showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of the CL induced by 2.5 mg of opsonized zymosan. This inhibitory effect of nicotine (10(-4)M) on CL was not affected by atropine (10(-4)M), hexamethonium (10(-4)M) or acetyl beta-methylcholine (10(-4)M). These results indicate that nicotine directly acts to PMN with no relation of cholinergic affecting receptors. As to cytotoxic effects on PMN, assessed by the methods of trypan blue exclusion and of lactate dehydrogenase leakage from the cells, nicotine showed no cytotoxic effect on PMN in its range of 10(-5) to 5 X 10(-4)M. It is concluded that tobacco alkaloid nicotine could directly inhibit phagocytizing function of PMN. Furthermore, it is presumed that PMN circulating in the respiratory organs in tobacco smoking would be exposed to high concentrations of nicotine, and that the nicotine incorporated into the circulating system could suppress PMN functions resulting in harmful influences on the host defense mechanisms.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1984

Changes in cerebrospinal fluid volume and cardiovascular functions induced by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic glucose solution in rats.

The present experiment was undertaken to study the relationship between hemodynamic changes and intracranial hemorrhage induced by intraperitoneal injection of large doses of hypertonic glucose solution in rats. A fifty per cent glucose solution was intraperitoneally injected at a volume of 3.5 ml/100 g b.w. into Wistar rats anesthetized with urethanechloralose. The time span from the start of injection to death was expressed in terms of 100% corrected death time (100% DT) for each rat. Saline that was added to the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricle disappeared gradually from 30% DT up to death. Blood colloid osmotic pressure was slightly elevated temporally 5 minutes (7% DT) after intraperitoneal injection of the glucose solution and returned to the former level 5 minutes later. With regard to hemodynamic changes, a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate began to occur between 5-10% DT. Thereafter, blood pressure and heart rate decreased significantly as compared with the pretreatment period, and the plasma levels of both epinephrine and norepinephrine showed sharply increasing curves as time elapsed after the intraperitoneal injection of the hypertonic glucose solution. It was suggested that the decrease in cerebrospinal fluid and the fall in blood pressure were related to the movement of water from the brain and the flow of body fluid into the hypertonic blood plasma which caused an enlargement of the ventricles due to brain reduction and a change in circulating blood volume. However, questions still remain concerning the mechanisms of the marked increase in plasma catecholamines and bleedings which occurred only in the subarachnoideal space and ventricles.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Allopurinol toxicity: its toxic organ-specificity between the liver and the kidney in the rat.

In this study, allopurinol toxicity was investigated in the liver and the kidney in the rat. Allopurinol was intraperitoneally administered to rats, once a day, for 1, 3 or 10 days, in doses of 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day. At the 24th hour after the last administration, the rat was sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were taken for analyses. In doses of 30 mg/kg/day and more, decreases of the body weight and the liver weight were observed, while the kidney weight increased. The plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases showed no increases, while the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased. These changes were the most remarkable in the 3 day administration, whereas they approached the control level thereafter. In doses of 10 mg/kg/day and less, no significant changes were observed in comparison to the control. These results denote that the minimal toxic dose ranges between 10 and 30 mg/kg/day, and that the kidney is more sensitive than the liver. In addition, these results also denote that the renal and hepatic failures are reversively restored even when allopurinol is further administered later than the 3 day. This fact suggests not only that the capacity inactivating allopurinol in the body is increased, but also that the enzymatic induction in the allopurinol inactivation system is accelerated.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of glucose reabsorption induced by 6-aminonicotinamide in the rat kidney.

The relationship between natriuresis and glucosuria produced by administration of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), was investigated in the rat. After intraperitoneal administration of 6-AN (75 mg/kg), urine was collected at intervals of 2 hours using a metabolic cage for assays. Sodium and glucose were excreted maximally into the urine at 2 to 4 and at 4 to 6 hours, respectively, after the administration of 6-AN, with a time delay being recognized between sodium and glucose in the peaks of their urinary excretions. This dissociation of the patterns on the urinary excretion between sodium and glucose led to the following conclusion that the natridiuresis induced by 6-AN was not mainly ascribed to the osmotic diuresis for glucose, but to the direct effect on the sodium transport in the kidney. Furthermore, additional experiments were carried out by loading animals with glucose after administration of 6-AN. The tolerance for glucose in the body was clearly depressed in rats in the 6-AN group, while no significant difference in the renal threshold concentration for glucose was shown in either group. The renal tubular transport maximum for glucose was also depressed in the 6-AN group. It is, accordingly, speculated that the glucosuria induced by 6-AN was not only due to the hyperglycemia, but also due to the decreased capacity of the renal tubular reabsorption for glucose.

6-Aminonicotinamide↗
PubMed1984

[Chronic toxicity study of AC-1370 sodium, an antibiotics, intravenously administered in rats].

A study on chronic toxicity of AC-1370 sodium (AC) in addition to recovery from its toxicity, was carried out using the rat. AC was administered to the rat through the tail vein in doses of 30, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day, with the periods for administration and recovery being 26 and 13 weeks, respectively. The results obtained from the present study were as follows. In each group, neither death case nor fatal damage was observed throughout the whole process. In the group of 1000 mg/kg, the below findings were observed in one or both sexes: suppression in increase of body weight, increases in drunk amount of water, urinary volume and urinary excretions of electrolytes, degeneration in renal tubules and several correlated changes, tendency of anemia, changes in serum biochemical tests, and changes in each organ weight. In the group of 300 mg/kg, the above findings were observed slightly in comparison to the group of 1000 mg/kg. In the groups of 100 and 30 mg/kg, any changes suggesting the damages were not observed. In the recovery test, the group of 1000 mg/kg was found to be incompletely restored from the damages, with the partially residual damages being shown. In contrast, the group of 300 mg/kg showed to be almost restored from the damages. These results denotes that the maximal non-toxic dose of AC in this study is 100 mg/kg/day in long-term administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of intravenous administration of ranitidine hydrochloride on the fertility of the male and female rats].

The effects of ranitidine hydrochloride, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on the reproductivity of male and female rats of Crj:CD (SD) strain and the development of their fetuses were examined. Ranitidine hydrochloride was intravenously administered once daily at dose levels of 5, 15 and 40 mg/kg in base weight respectively, to males from 60 days before mating until the completion of mating, and to females from 14 days before mating up to day 7 of gestation. All pregnant females were killed on day 20 of gestation and their fetuses were examined morphologically. Tachypnea, prone position and transient tremor were observed for a short period of time directly after an intravenous administration of ranitidine in the dose of 40 mg/kg, which were probably induced by a rapid fall in blood pressure. There was a significant decrease in the weight of spleen in males of 15 and 40 mg/kg groups. Treatment with ranitidine hydrochloride did not have any influence on mating performances and pregnancy at all dose levels. In observation of the fetuses, there was no influence of ranitidine hydrochloride administration on fetal growth and development. A few external, skeletal and visceral malformations were seen sporadically in each group, and 19 cases of dwarf fetuses were observed in 2 dams of 40 mg/kg group, but these changes were not attributable to administration of the drug. These results indicated that ranitidine hydrochloride intravenously administered to males and females before mating and to pregnant females in early stages of gestation had no toxic effects on reproductivity in either sex at the dose of 40 mg/kg/day or less.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of intravenous administration of ranitidine hydrochloride to the pregnant rat in organogenesis period].

The effects of ranitidine hydrochloride, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on development and general behavior of F1 generation of Crj: CD (SD) rats were examined. Ranitidine hydrochloride was intravenously administered once daily from day 7 to 17 of gestation at dose levels of 5, 15 and 40 mg/kg in base weight respectively. Two-thirds of females were killed on day 20 of gestation to examine the development of fetuses, the remaining females were allowed to litter naturally and the postnatal development of the offsprings was observed. Tachypnea, prone position and transient tremor were observed for approximately 15 from 30 seconds directly after an intravenous administration of ranitidine hydrochloride in the dose of 40 mg/kg, which were probably induced by a rapid fall in blood pressure. During the gestation period, there occurred a slight depression of the maternal body weight gain in the ranitidine-treated groups. At the stage of lactation, the body weights of dams showed slightly lower levels than control and their liver weights of dams were also inclined to decrease in 15 and 40 mg/kg groups. In the observation of the fetuses, there were no significant differences between the control and ranitidine-treated groups concerning fetal growth and development, external, skeletal and internal anomalies in fetuses. In delivery and postpartum observation, no influence of ranitidine administration was observed on the litter size, mortality rate of F1 pups. There was a tendency towards decrease in body weight in males of the ranitidine-treated groups. But no significant changes were observed in general behavior, postnatal development, various functions such as reflex response, learning and reproductive performances of F1 generation. Therefore, it was concluded that ranitidine hydrochloride had no effects on fetal and postnatal development, general behavior and various functions of F1 generation at the dose of 40 mg/kg/day or less.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of intravenous administration of ranitidine hydrochloride to the female rat in perinatal and postnatal periods].

The effects of ranitidine hydrochloride, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on delivery, lactation, postnatal development of F1 generation of Crj:CD (SD) rats were examined. Ranitidine hydrochloride was intravenously administered once daily from day 17 of gestation to day 21 after delivery at dose levels of 5, 15 and 40 mg/kg in base weight respectively. All females were allowed to litter naturally, and postnatal development of offsprings was observed. Tachypnea, prone position and transient tremor were observed for approximately one minute directly after an intravenous administration of ranitidine in the dose of 40 mg/kg, which were probably induced by a rapid fall in blood pressure. In delivery and postpartum observation, there occurred no influence of the ranitidine administration on maternal body weight, delivery and lactation. In studies on general behavior of F1 rats, no abnormal changes were observed on postnatal development and various functions such as reflex response and learning. Ranitidine treatment did not affect reproductive performances of F1 generation. A slight inhibition in body weight gain and a slight decrease in average weight of liver were observed in F1 females of 40 mg/kg group, but no other influence attributable to the ranitidine administration was observed on the general state and development of offsprings. In necropsy of offsprings, hydronephrosis, transitional epithelial carcinoma, kinky tail, unilateral absence of testis and epididymis were observed in one case of ranitidine-treated groups. But they were not attributable to administration of ranitidine. In summary, it was concluded that ranitidine hydrochloride had no effects on delivery and lactation of dams, and also on viability, development and various functions of F1 generation at the dose of 40 mg/kg/day or less.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Endoscopic sonography of the liver--diagnostic application of the echolaparoscope to localize intrahepatic lesions.

To overcome the limitations of ultrasonography and laparoscopy for abdominal diseases, the use of echolaparoscopy was investigated. The instruments used were the prototype echolaparoscope type 1-3 manufactured by Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan. The first prototype has the external diameter of 12 mm. It consists of an internal shaft connecting to a fixed transducer and a rotating mirror connected to the motor unit and a regular laparoscope to assess the position of the scanning head. The second and third prototypes were versions of the former and had an outer diameter of 10 mm to allow interchangeable use with a regular laparoscope. Transducers used were either of 10 or 7.5 MHz, 7 mm in diameter, and ultrasonic scanning was made by the mirror reflection method. A total of 67 cases with various abdominal diseases were examined on 73 occasions. The merit of the method is its ability to visualize occult lesions in the liver such as cysts and tumors. Differentiation between hepatic hemangioma and hepatocellular carcinoma could be mad without difficulty due to its increased resolution. Furthermore, this method was used as a guide to liver biopsy of occult tumors and decision making in cases of surgical resection of the hepatic lesions.

Adult↗