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Biomedical subjects

T Takezaki

Publications and source records attributed to T Takezaki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Reproductive factors related to the risk of colorectal cancer by subsite: a case-control analysis.

The authors hypothesized that reproductive factors of colorectal cancer, which are probably mediated by endogenous hormones, would differ according to colonic subsite. Information on reproductive factors was obtained from 372 female colorectal cancer cases (113 proximal colon, 126 distal colon, 133 rectum) and 31,061 cancer-free controls at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, between 1988 and 1995. Multiple logistic analysis showed that late age at interview, family history of colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives, menstrual regularity, late age at menopause, late age at first pregnancy and late age at first full-term pregnancy were significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. None of the risk factors were significantly dissociated between colon and rectal cancer. In polytomous logistic regression analysis, particularly noteworthy was the fact that the odds ratios for age at menarche (P-value for heterogeneity of odds ratios = 0.010), age at first pregnancy (P = 0.016) and age at first full-term pregnancy (P = 0.028) were significantly higher for distal than for proximal colon cancer. This study supports the hypotheses that there might be an association between reproductive factors and risk of colon cancer, and that the carcinogenesis of colon cancer, by subsite, might show aetiologic distinctions.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1999

Protective effect of allium vegetables against both esophageal and stomach cancer: a simultaneous case-referent study of a high-epidemic area in Jiangsu Province, China.

To study the relation between allium vegetable intake and cancer of the esophagus (EC) and stomach (SC) in Yangzhong city, which is one of the highest-risk areas for these cancers in Jiangsu province, China, a simultaneous case-referent study was conducted using histopathologically confirmed cases (EC: n = 81, SC: n = 153) and population-based referents (n = 234). A questionnaire was used to collect information on the general status of subjects, their dietary habits, frequency intake of allium vegetables and other foods, tea consumption, smoking and alcohol drinking. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by a multiple logistic regression model. The results showed that frequent intake of allium vegetables (including garlic, onion, Welsh onion and Chinese chives), raw vegetables, tomatoes and snap beans, and tea consumption were inversely associated with the risk for EC and SC. In the highest consumption category (> or = 1 time/week) of garlic, onion, Welsh onion and Chinese chives, the adjusted ORs compared with the lowest category (< 1 time/month) were 0.30 (CI = 0.19-0.47), 0.25 (CI = 0.11-0.54), 0.15 (CI = 0.08-0.26), and 0.57 (CI = 0.23-1.42) for EC, and 0.31 (CI = 0.22-0.44), 0.17 (CI = 0.08-0.36), 0.22 (CI = 0.15-0.31) and 0.40 (CI = 0.17-0.94) for SC, respectively. The main results in the present study suggested that allium vegetables, like raw vegetables, may have an important protecting effect against not only stomach cancer, but also esophageal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparative study of lifestyles of residents in high and low risk areas for gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China; with special reference to allium vegetables.

There is a low risk area for gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China, where people frequently consume raw allium vegetables. As a first step epidemiological study to clarify the factors involved in the low incidence of gastric cancer, we conducted a comparative study of the ecological factors in a high risk area (HRA), Yangzhong, and a low risk area (LRA), Pizhou, using a questionnaire. Subjects were selected from the general population according to age and sex, and comprised 414 residents of the HRA and 425 residents of the LRA. Ecological factors were compared for the two areas by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method, age-adjusted. Smoking and drinking habits were found to be more common in the LRA. On the other hand, allium vegetables were consumed in the LRA much more frequently, with high consumption of raw vegetables fruit, tomatoes, kidney beans and soybean products. People who consumed garlic en masse 3 times or more per week were 82% of men and 75% of women in the LRA, and 1% of men and women in the HRA. The results of the survey suggest that frequent consumption of allium vegetables, in addition to other anticancer foods, may be a factor in low mortality for gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of life styles on the risk of subsite-specific gastric cancer in those with and without family history.

To evaluate a combined effect of gastric cancer family history (GCFH) and selected living habits on the subsite-specific of gastric cancer, a hospital-based case-referent study was conducted in Tokai area of Japan. The study subjects were 850 newly diagnosed gastric cancer (GC) patients and 28,619 cancer-free first-visit outpatients. Odds ratios (ORs) of all subsites of GC in subjects with both GCFH and habitual smoking were significantly higher (OR = 4.22) compared with those with merely GCFH (OR = 1.81) or habitual smoking (OR = 2.83). When positive GCFH subjects frequently consumed raw vegetable, the risk of GC decreased in cardia (OR = 0.68), antrum (OR = 0.43) and all subsites (OR = 0.74). Our findings provided evidence that GCFH and habitual smoking increased the risk of GC with family history, while frequent intake of raw vegetable decreased the risk and it was modified by other environmental factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Risk of death by health habit index from a cohort study among the residents of a rural area in Aichi, Japan].

To clarify the validity of the health habit index, we evaluated risk of death by health habit index in residents in Aichi Prefecture. Subjects were 7,662 residents aged 40-79 years living in a rural area of Aichi Prefecture who responded to a questionnaire in 1988, that included 12 health habit items on diet, physical activity, rest, mental health, smoking, drinking and regular health check. Data on death and migration in this cohort group was collected from 1990 to 1997. The risk ratios (RRs) of death for all causes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases were estimated by Cox's proportional hazard model. The number of all causes of death, cancer and cardiovascular diseases was 650, 240 and 197, respectively. Proper health habits of adequate but not over eating, regular physical activity, properly managing stress, non-smoking or smoking cessation for one year or more and regular health examinations in men and regular physical activity and non-smoking in women related to lower age-adjusted RR of death for all causes, while smoking cessation of less than one year in men with increased RR. Lower RR of cancer was observed for non-smoking men, and for women who occasionally have enough sleep. Proper health habits on adequate but not overeating, enjoying mealtime, regular physical activity, properly managing stress, moderate drinking (< 2 "go"/day) or occasional heavy drinking and regular health examinations related to lower RR of cardiovascular diseases in men, while regular physical activity related to lower RR in women. Multivariate analysis for the RR of death for all causes showed similar results, except higher RR in the men who avoided excess salt consumption, and decreased RR in the women who occasionally have enough sleep. In conclusion, the present study suggested that regular physical activity is associated with decreased risk from death for all causes, especially for cardiovascular diseases. Health habit index in the present study included various items with or without association to risk for death. It is important to apply this index to health promotion on the basis of its specific characteristic.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A case of vesicovaginal fistula with vaginal stone].

The patient, a 51-year-old woman developed urinary incontinence after an abdominal hysterectomy 3 years earlier. She was referred to our hospital complaining of urine leakage from her vagina after spontaneous passage of a stone. Drip infusion pyelography and cystography demonstrated a vesicovaginal fistula. She underwent repair of the fistula with an abdominal procedure. The stone was composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate.

Calculi↗
PubMed1999

hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility.

The human homologue of the yeast OGG1 gene, hOGG1, has been cloned, and its genetic structure has been determined. Several polymorphisms in the hOGG1 gene were detected in the Japanese populations, and among them, the Ser-Cys polymorphism at codon 326 has been shown to have a functional difference in complementation of mutant Escherichia coli that is defective in the repair of 8-hydroxyguanine. Activity in the repair of 8-hydroxyguanine is greater in hOGG1-Ser326 protein than in hOGG1(326) protein. Because many environmental carcinogens produce 8-hydroxyguanine residue and mismatching to this modified base potentially causes oncogenic mutations, the capacity to repair these lesions can be involved in cancer susceptibility in human beings. We, therefore, examined allele distributions of the Ser326Cys polymorphism in a case-control study of male lung cancer in Okinawa. The analyses based on 241 cases and 197 hospital controls disclosed the following findings. (a) Those with the Cys/Cys genotype were at an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma and nonadenocarcinoma compared to those with the Ser/Cys and those with the Ser/Ser genotypes combined. The odds ratios adjusted for age and smoking history were 3.01 (95% confidence interval, 1.33-6.83) and 2.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.54), respectively. (b) The odds ratios for other histological subtypes of lung cancer or those in total were not significant. Those for Cys/Cys or Ser/Cys genotype against Ser/Ser did not reach statistical significance in any cell type. (c) The distributions of this polymorphism varied for different populations (Chinese, Japanese, Micronesians, Melanesians, Hungarians, and Australian Caucasians), with much less prevalence of Cys allele in the latter three populations. Although our sample size was limited, these results indicate that the Ser326Cys variant may be related to squamous cell lung cancer susceptibility. The Cys/Cys genotype appears to be more susceptible to squamous cell carcinoma, although the risk is less than that previously reported to be associated with the CYP1A1 gene. Further studies are needed to assess the importance of the interpopulation variation to cancer susceptibility.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Tea and coffee consumption and the risk of digestive tract cancers: data from a comparative case-referent study in Japan.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that tea and coffee consumption have a protective effect against development of digestive tract cancers. METHODS: A comparative case-referent study was conducted using Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC) data from 1990 to 1995 in Nagoya, Japan. This study comprised 1,706 histologically diagnosed cases of digestive tract cancers (185 esophagus, 893 stomach, 362 colon, 266 rectum) and a total of 21,128 non-cancer outpatients aged 40 years and over. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data, adjusting for gender; age; year and season at hospital-visit; habitual smoking and alcohol drinking; regular physical exercise; fruit, rice, and beef intake; and beverage intake. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) of stomach cancer decreased to 0.69 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-1.00) with high intake of green tea (seven cups or more per day). A decreased risk was also observed for rectal cancer with three cups or more daily intake of coffee (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.26-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the potential for protective effect against site-specific digestive tract cancer by consumption of green tea and coffee, although most associations are limited only to the upper category of intake and have no clear explanation for site-specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Smoking and dietary risk factors for cervical cancer at different age group in Japan.

The importance of the major risk and protective factors for cervical cancer in women by age group was evaluated with the use of data from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC), Japan. This study included 416 cervical cancer cases and 20,985 referents confirmed as free of cancer. Cases and referents were divided into three age groups: the younger, middle and older age groups (30-44, 45-54 and 55-69 years old, respectively). Logistic model was applied separately to the three groups to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of smoking, beverage and dietary habits with adjustment for marital and reproductive factors. The elevated OR of current smokers was observed consistently in all age groups, while alcohol intake did not show any increased ORs. Dietary control for health lowered ORs for all three age groups, and the effect appeared to be more pronounced among the older age group (OR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.30-0.80). Higher frequency intake of green-yellow vegetables consistently afforded lower ORs among all three age groups. This risk increment of smoking and risk reduction by dietary control were consistent in all age groups. These findings suggested practicable prevention strategy for the cervical cancer by modifying general life style.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1998

Association of Ile462Val (Exon 7) polymorphism of cytochrome P450 IA1 with lung cancer in the Asian population: further evidence from a case-control study in Okinawa.

Okinawa, a group of islands that lie between the East China Sea and the Pacific Ocean, 2000 km south of the Japanese main islands, has a different profile of diseases, ethnicities, and cultures than does the rest of Japan. We examined an Ile462Val polymorphism (CYP1A1*2 allele) of cytochrome P450 IA1 in a hospital-based case-control study of lung cancer patients (247 cases and 185 controls) in Okinawa to ascertain the association of this variant with lung cancer. In addition, the distribution of this genotype was studied in populations from different areas of Japan, including Tokyo (n = 69) and Iwate (northern part of Japan; n = 81), as well as in a Chinese group from the Jiangsu province (n = 39) and in an Australian Caucasian group (n = 146). Genotype frequency in controls was not significantly different from area to area in Japan. In Okinawa, however, the genotype encoding Val/Val was associated with a significantly higher risk of lung cancer (odds ratio = 3.32, P = 0.013), especially of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (odds ratio = 4.85 and 9.35, respectively). The Val-encoding allele was less frequent in the Chinese population and was rare in Australian Caucasians. Thus, this study gives support to the value of the cytochrome P450 IA1 Ile462Val polymorphism as a practical high-risk marker of lung cancer in populations, especially those in southeast Asia, in which this variant is more common.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiological features of first-visit outpatients in Japan: comparison with general population and variation by sex, age, and season.

To evaluate the methodological issues in using first-visit outpatients as controls in epidemiological studies, the features of general lifestyles of non-cancer outpatients at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (ACCH) were compared with those of the general population, and their variation by sex, age, and season was determined by using a self-administered questionnaire. The study included 1231 subjects randomly selected from the Nagoya electoral roll (CRG), and three groups of non-cancer ACCH outpatients living in Nagoya; 800 from the period September to December 1992 (OPG1), 2326 from January to December 1992 (OPG2), and 12,243 from January 1991 to December 1992 (OPG3). In the younger age group, the proportion of current smokers was higher in the CRG than in the OPGs. In the older age groups, the proportion of those who consumed fresh vegetables and fruit everyday was higher in the OPGs than in the CRG. For other items, the features of the OPGs were not significantly different from those of the CRG. Among the OPG3, there were differences in the features of general lifestyles between sexes and consumption of several food items varied with age. Seasonal variation, however, was only observed in the specific food items where supply varied seasonally. It was concluded that, with due consideration of age, sex, and season in the analysis, it is feasible to use non-cancer outpatients as controls in epidemiological studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Estimation of adult T-cell leukemia incidence in Kyushu District from vital statistics Japan between 1983 and 1982: comparison with a nationwide survey.

To investigate the change in adult T-cell leukemia incidence between 1983 and 1992 and to evaluate the sensitivity of the nationwide adult T-cell leukemia survey, we estimated adult T-cell leukemia incidence in the Kyushu district, southern Japan, where adult T-cell leukemia is endemic. The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia was calculated from the difference between Kyushu and the rest of Japan in mortality from malignant lymphoid neoplasms, i.e., Kyushu's excess rate was assumed to be due to adult T-cell leukemia. In Kyushu, average annual adult T-cell leukemia cases aged > or = 20 years were estimated for men as 252 during the period 1983-87 and 341 during 1988-92, and for women as 201 and 246 respectively. The age-adjusted mortality rate tended to be higher in the latter period [6.29 per 100000 (95% confidence interval 5.59-7.00) vs. 5.25 (4.60-5.90) in men, and 3.33 (2.85-3.80) vs. 3.18 (2.71-3.66) in women]. By contrast, the registered number of adult T-cell leukemia cases nationwide during 1988-93 was only 35% (203/587) of the estimated number, and the number of registered versus estimated cases decreased with age, especially when cases were > 60 years old. In conclusion, the estimated adult T-cell leukemia incidence for 1983-92 increased in the latter half of the period. The estimation suggests that 65% of adult T-cell leukemia cases might be missed by a nationwide survey, and older cases were more likely than younger ones to be missed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Clinical features of Japanese children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of 1980-1994 survey.

Marked advances have been made in the past decade in the management of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, a nationwide retrospective survey was conducted between 1980 and 1994 to investigate the clinical manifestations of SLE in Japanese children and adolescents. Questionnaires were sent to 340 hospitals. Of 405 patients reported by 176 hospitals, 373 patients, diagnosed by the criteria established by the Pediatric Study Group of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1985, were enrolled in the study. Forty-nine of the 354 patients (13.8%) had relatives with a connective tissue disease within the third degree of consanguinity. The frequent manifestations in 373 patients were the presence of antinuclear antibody (98.9%), immunologic disorders (93.0%), hypocomplementemia (87.1%), malar rash (79.6%) and fever (74.0%). Lupus nephritis was present in 148 of the 309 patients (47.9%) at their first visit to a clinic, and 261 of the 373 patients (70.0%) developed renal involvement during the observation period. Of 370 patients, 92 patients (24.9%) exhibited central nervous system lupus. Of 368 patients, 192 patients (52.2%) were treated by methylprednisolone pulse therapy and 148 patients (40.2%) received immunosuppressants in combination with steroid therapy at some stage during the observation period, Survival rate at 5 years from onset was 95.9%. Management of infection, coagulopathies, and central nervous system involvement is essential to improve the prognosis of SLE in Japanese children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Short-term breast-feeding may reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HTLV-I. The Tsushima ATL Study Group.

To establish a desirable preventive measure against mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-I through breast milk, we conducted a prospective study to investigate the seroconversion rate among children born to HTLV-I carrier mothers on two highly HTLV-I-endemic islands where 8% of pregnant women carry HTLV-I. Between 1985 to 1991, 428 pregnant women were found to be positive against anti-HTLV-I antibody and were advised not to breast-feed their newborn babies. Among them, 212 women (50%) accepted this advice and the other mothers proceeded to breast-feed. Results were obtained from 277 children born to HTLV-I carrier mothers and were followed up until more than 30 months of age. When the seroconversion rate was analyzed by feeding manner, short-term breast-feeders (< or = 6 months) showed a statistically significant lower seroconversion rate than long-term breast-feeders (2/51; 3.9% vs. 13/64; 20.3%, p < 0.05). On the other hand, four out of 162 bottle-fed children (2.5%) became positive. It is hypothesized that maternal HTLV-I antibody may protect babies from HTLV-I infection through breast milk during the first 6 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Risk factors of lung cancer--follow-up studies in Nagoya Japan].

A population-based follow-up study on the relationships between various environmental factors and risks of lung cancer has been conducted in Nagoya, Japan involving 24,489 inhabitants aged 40 or older. The baseline survey was conducted in 1985, using a self-recorded questionnaire. From a 10 year follow-up study, 161 cases with a newly diagnosed lung cancer (120 male cases and 41 female cases) were identified. Various environmental factors were related to the subsequent risk of lung cancer incidence. Causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer was noticed for current male smokers (RR = 5.72; 95% CI = 2.50-13.08) and for current female smokers (RR = 2.05%; 95% CI = 0.97-4.32). However, relative risks for other environmental factors were not statistically significant except increased risk for frequent coffee drinking in males (aRR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.34-3.05) and decreased risk for frequent intake of green/yellow vegetables in females (aRR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.23-0.94).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Tobacco, alcohol and dietary factors associated with the risk of oral cancer among Japanese.

The mortality rate among Japanese men due to oral cancer is increasing, but risk factors among Japanese other than smoking and drinking have not been examined. To investigate the dietary factors involved in oral cancer, we conducted a hospital-based case-referent study in Aichi, Japan. Cases comprised 189 men and 77 women aged 20-79 years with one of the following cancers: tongue, mouth, oropharynx and hypopharynx. The reference group comprised 9,858 male and 26,669 female out-patients without cancer. Smoking and drinking were highly associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. Japanese sake showed a lower odds ratio (OR) than beer or hard liquor (OR= 3.6, 4.5 and 4.8, respectively). In the cross analysis between smoking and drinking, smoking combined with drinking increased the risk of oral cancer to three times that of smoking only (OR=6.2 vs. 2.2). Frequent intake of raw vegetables (OR = 0.5) and fruit (OR = 0.5) were inversely associated with the risk of oral cancer after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, drinking and year of visit. Western-style breakfast and salty food preference decreased the risk of oral cancer, and salty food preference was still statistically significant by multivariate analysis (OR= 0.7). In conclusion, smoking cessation, drinking control and frequent intake of raw vegetables and fruit among Japanese are likely to be effective preventive measures against oral cancer.

Adult↗