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Biomedical subjects

T Takeuchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Takeuchi.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A case of the pathogenesis of choledochocele in relation to dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi.

A 47-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Seventeen years previously, she had undergone cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a cystic dilatation of the terminal portion of the common bile duct (CBD) protruding into the duodenal lumen and delaying the drainage of contrast medium. In this patient the CBD and the pancreatic duct appeared to be unimportant in the formation of the cyst. Repeated changes in the radius of the cyst suggested dysfunction of the ampullary component of the sphincter of Oddi, with maintenance of normal function of the common duct component. The pathogenesis of the choledochocele in this patient is discussed in relation to dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi. In addition, 2 criteria for the diagnosis of choledochocele by ERCP are proposed: [1] cystic dilatation of the terminal portion of the CBD protruding into the duodenal lumen, and [2] absence of the narrow segment of the CBD.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1989

Amplification of suppressor inducer pathway with monoclonal antibody, anti-2H4, identifying a novel epitope of the common leukocyte antigen/T200 antigen.

The 2H4 antigen, comprised of a 200/220-kDa glycoprotein of the leukocyte common antigen (LCA) family, is expressed on a suppressor inducer, but not a helper inducer subset of T4 cells. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the T4+2H4+ subset of cells maximally responded to the AMLR and this molecule has an important role in generated suppressor signals in AMLR/Con A-activated T cell systems. In the present study, we examined the effect of a series of monoclonal antibodies including anti-2H4 antibody on the initial activation of T4 cells in response to self-Ia antigens. We found that the addition of anti-2H4 antibody resulted in an augmentation of the proliferative response of T4 cells in AMLR, whereas other antibodies reactive with LCA/T200 antigens lacked this ability. Furthermore, anti-2H4 antibody enhanced both IL-2 production and IL-2R expression in this AMLR system. This enhancing effect was inhibited by anti-T3 antibody. Moreover, the suppressor inducer function of AMLR T4 cells was enhanced with anti-2H4 antibody by increasing the number of 2H4+ cells with high antigen density. Taken together, these results suggest that the 2H4 antigen may serve as an accessory structure for enhancing the activation of the T4+2H4+ suppressor inducer subset at initiation of cell triggering.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Schistosoma mansoni: suppression of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase activities in the liver of infected mice.

ICR female mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni exhibited a significant decrease in both total and specific activities of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (ammonia) (EC 6.3.4.16) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3), and also in the serum urea level. Intraperitoneal administration of the S. mansoni egg granulomas or 15,000g X 30 min supernatant fluid of their extract into the uninfected, normal mice also significantly decreased the total and specific activities of both enzymes without any appreciable histopathological influence on their livers. S. mansoni viable eggs caused a significant decrease in the total and specific activities of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) alone as well as active intraperitoneal inflammation when inoculated into the normal mice by the same route. There was no difference in the amount of food intake between the control and these experimental mice. These findings suggest that the granuloma or inflammatory cells induced by schistosome eggs produce some factor(s) which may be responsible for reduction of these enzymatic activities in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Preventive effect of traditional herbal medicine, shosaiko-to, on danazol-induced hepatic damage.

The incidence of the hepatic damage during treatment with danazol (D), indicated by increased serum GOT, GPT and LDH levels, has been shown to be high especially in Japan. Thus, the preventive effect of the traditional herbal medicine, shosaiko-to (SS) was investigated in the administration of D and SS for 16 weeks (D + SS group, N = 9) and the pre-administration of SS for about 4 weeks followed by D and SS for 16 weeks (SS----D + SS group, N = 15). The incidence of serum GOT, GPT and LDH levels of more than normal range during the administration of danazol in the D + SS group was similar to that in the previous study of the administration of D alone. But it was significantly lower in the SS----D + SS group than the D + SS group. The mean levels of serum GOT and GPT were much lower in the SS----D + SS group than the D + SS group throughout the administration of danazol and the difference was significant at 8, 10 and 12 weeks in serum GOT levels and at 4 weeks in serum GPT levels. These results indicate that the pre-administration of SS has great efficacy in the prevention of danazol-induced hepatic damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Glucose tolerance and gastric emptying in thyrotoxic rats.

To clarify the contribution of gastrointestinal function to impaired oral glucose tolerance in hyperthyroidism, gastric emptying rate and portal and peripheral blood glucose responses to intragastric or intraduodenal glucose administration were investigated in experimental thyrotoxic rats. Glucose absorption from perfused intestine of thyrotoxic rats was also examined. Thyrotoxicosis was induced by subcutaneous (SC) thyroxine injection (50 micrograms/kg/d) for seven days. In intragastric glucose tolerance test, although insulin and glucagon responses were not significantly altered, increments in portal and peripheral blood glucose were significantly higher in thyrotoxic rats than in controls at 30 minutes. This phenomenon was almost normalized by the preadministration of phentolamine (2 mg/kg SC). In intraduodenal glucose tolerance test, blood glucose, insulin, and glucagon responses were similar in thyrotoxic and control rats. Gastric emptying rate in thyrotoxic rats was significantly higher than that in controls at 30 minutes, and that was also normalized by phentolamine administration. Absorption of glucose from perfused intestine was similar in thyrotoxic and control rats. These results suggest that an altered glucose tolerance to intragastric glucose load in thyrotoxic rats may primarily be due to rapid gastric emptying induced by increased alpha-adrenoceptor responses, and that glucose absorption from small intestine was not increased in short-term thyrotoxic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Thyroidal dependence of glucose-induced insulin secretion in starved rats.

To elucidate the possible role of thyroid hormone in insulin secretion during starvation, we investigated the glucose-induced insulin release in T3-administered starved rats. The rats were fasted for 72 hr, and one-half of the starved rats were administered subcutaneous 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (5.0 micrograms/kg) at 12, 36, and 60 hr. In an intravenous glucose (0.5 g/kg) infusion test, insulin response was significantly lower in starved rats than in fed controls. This decreased insulin was restored by T3 administration. These results suggest the thyroidal dependence of insulin response to glucose in short-term starvation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and electroencephalographical follow-up study of early myoclonic encephalopathy.

We report a clinico-electroencephalographical follow-up study on a male patient with early myoclonic encephalopathy. Frequent massive and fragmentary myoclonic seizures, and myoclonic-clonic seizures were the initial symptoms at the age of 3 days. EEG revealed a suppression-burst pattern at the onset in which burst phases often coincided with myoclonic seizures. Subsequently, non-epileptic erratic myoclonus, various partial seizures and flexor spasms were observed. The partial seizures ceased at around 4 months of age, while the non-epileptic myoclonus and flexor spasms have persisted beyond the age of 6 months. The EEG pattern evolved into atypical hypsarhythmia at two months of age. No specific biochemical or neuroradiological findings were disclosed. His neuropsychiatric development was arrested from the onset. These observations suggest that early myoclonic encephalopathy is an independent epileptic syndrome and that it might be different from early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy described by Ohtahara.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1989

The EEG evolution and neurological prognosis of neonates with perinatal hypoxia [corrected].

One hundred and seventy-three full-term newborns with hypoxic encephalopathy were subjected to polygraphic recordings (EEG, EOG, ECG and respiration) of 2.5-3.5 hr duration in the first 3 weeks in the period from 1970 to 1986. Their conceptional age ranged from 38 w to 42 w and birth weight from 1,750 g to 4,860 g. Their clinical outcome was evaluated in relation to the degree of depression of background EEG classified at each postnatal age. Cases with normal background before the 7th day, minimal or less depression before the 4th day and mild or less depression on the first day developed normally. Cases with marked or maximal depression at any day, moderate or more depression after the 7th day and mild or more depression after the 12th day developed neurological handicaps. The prognosis of others were not certain. Prognostic value of the neonatal EEG depended on the day of recording. Serial EEG recording was useful to prognosticate the clinical outcome.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1989

Decreased plasma C-peptide to insulin molar ratio after oral glucose in elderly subjects.

To evaluate the effect of aging on hepatic extraction of insulin, peripheral plasma insulin and C-peptide levels after an oral glucose ingestion were measured in 39 non-obese healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance test. The subjects were divided into two groups. One age group was below 30 years (n = 17) and another was above 50 years (n = 22). Blood glucose level was significantly higher in elderly subjects than in young at 30 and 60 min, and insulin level was also significantly higher in elderly subjects than in young subjects at 60 min after glucose ingestion. C-peptide response after glucose ingestion was similar in both groups. The molar ratio of C-peptide to insulin after glucose ingestion in elderly subjects was slightly lower than that in young subjects, and the difference between the incremental areas of C-peptide and insulin divided by the incremental area of C-peptide were significantly lower in elderly subjects. These results suggest that hepatic insulin extraction after glucose loading is decreased in elderly subjects and this may partly be responsible for the slightly altered glucose metabolism in elderly subjects with normal glucose tolerance test.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Effect of glucagon on glucose output from bivascularly perfused rat liver.

Glucose output was investigated in bivascularly perfused rat liver. Flow rate was 1 ml/min/g from hepatic artery and 2 ml/min/g from portal vein. Basal glucose output (130 +/- 30 microM/min) from bivascularly perfused liver was significantly (p less than 0.02) higher than that (80 +/- 20 microM/min) from usual monovascularly perfused (3 ml/min/g from portal vein) liver. However, glucagon-induced (1 ng/ml) increment in glucose output from bivascularly perfused liver 589 +/- 127 microM/30 min) was not significantly different from that (630 +/- 127 microM/30 min) of monovascularly perfused liver. These results suggest that glucagon-dependent glucose output was similar in monovascularly and bivascularly perfused rat liver, and that arterial blood supply may have some role in glycogenolysis in the perfused rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the patients with hyperthyroidism.

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured in patients with hyperthyroidism. The value of urinary NAG in these patients was higher than that in normal subjects and diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy. This high level of urinary NAG in patients with hyperthyroidism decreased to the level of normal subjects after treatment of hyperthyroidism. Why urinary NAG increases in the patients with hyperthyroidism remains unknown. On the occasion of estimating the significance of the high level of urinary NAG, however, the possibility of the existence of hyperthyroidism has to be considered in addition to renal damage or hyperglycemia which have already been found to increase urinary NAG.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

Effect of L-carnitine on glycogen synthesis and ATP production in cultured hepatocytes of the newborn rat.

Changes in intracellular carnitine, ATP and glycogen concentration were studied when hepatocytes of newborn or adult rats were incubated with oleate, lactate and/or carnitine. Hepatocytes of adult rats appeared to be able to maintain cellular carnitine concentration without exogenous carnitine supplementation. Hepatocytes of newborn rats appeared to be unable to maintain cellular carnitine concentration without carnitine supplementation. Moreover, ATP concentration and glycogen concentration were significantly increased by the carnitine supplement with oleate and/or lactate compared to the unsupplemented group. Increases in both intracellular ATP and carnitine concentration depended on the concentration of carnitine added to the medium. These results suggest that carnitine may be an important factor in glycogen synthesis and ATP production of newborn infants.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1989

Postprandial plasma gastrin and secretin concentrations after a pancreatoduodenectomy. A comparison between a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy and the Whipple procedure.

Based on the observation that patients given a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy maintain higher gut hormonal levels than do patients who have received the classic Whipple surgical procedure, which seems most likely due to a postoperative difference in the remaining digestive tract, the postprandial plasma gastrin and secretin concentrations in patients who have received either surgery have been evaluated to examine this difference more fully. The subjects were 20 patients treated by a pylorus-preserving operation and 27 patients treated by the Whipple procedure whose concentrations were compared with those of 8 healthy control patients. The postprandial plasma gastrin concentrations were found to be similar in patients given the pylorus-preserving operation and the controls and were significantly lower in patients who underwent the Whipple procedure (p less than 0.05). Similarly, the postprandial plasma secretin concentrations did not differ in these two groups, whereas patients who underwent the Whipple procedure showed significantly lower concentrations at 60, 90, and 120 minutes (p less than 0.05). The above findings, as well as supportive data in the literature, indicate that the duodenal bulb and the gastric antrum, which are resected in the Whipple procedure and are kept in the pylorus-preserving operation, seem to play important roles in the gut hormonal release and that the pylorus-preserving operation is the superior surgical technique in terms of gastrin and secretin release.

Duodenum↗
PubMed1989

Effect of plaunotol on release of plasma secretin and pancreatic exocrine secretion in humans.

Plaunotol, an acyclic diterpene alcohol is a new antiulcer agent derived from the leaves of the plau-noi plant. We investigated the effect of plaunotol on the release of endogenous secretin with radioimmunoassay and exocrine pancreatic secretion, using a dye dilution technique with polyethylene glycol 4,000 as a nonabsorbable marker in eight human volunteers. Intrajejunal administration of plaunotol (pH 6.5) in three different doses (80, 160, and 320 mg/30 min) resulted in significant increases in both plasma secretin concentration and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in a dose-related manner (r = 0.819 and 0.701, p less than 0.001, respectively). Bicarbonate outputs produced by plaunotol correlated well with plasma secretin concentrations (r = 0.727, p less than 0.001). Amylase output was also increased significantly by plaunotol. However, the response was not dose-dependent from that of bicarbonate output. These results indicate that endogenous secretin is released by plaunotol in humans and suggest that the increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion can be attributed to the increased plasma secretin concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of fatty acid on secretin release and cholinergic dependence of pancreatic secretion in rats.

We investigated the effects of oleic acid in the duodenum on pancreatic exocrine secretion and plasma secretin, and determined the role of cholinergic dependence on pancreatic secretion and secretin release in response to oleic acid in anesthetized rats. Oleic acid emulsion (pH 6.5) in three different doses of 0.06, 0.25, and 1 mmol/h was infused intraduodenally for 1 h with or without intravenous administration of atropine in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg/h. Intraduodenal administration of oleic acid resulted in significant increases in pancreatic juice volume and bicarbonate output, in a dose-related manner (p less than 0.001). Plasma secretin concentration caused dose-dependent elevation (p less than 0.001) by oleic acid, which correlated very well with bicarbonate output in response to oleic acid (p less than 0.001). Atropine inhibited pancreatic secretion including juice volume and bicarbonate output stimulated by oleic acid in each dose, statistically significantly (p less than 0.05-0.01), but did not affect plasma secretin concentration. Thus, we conclude that oleic acid in the duodenum stimulates pancreatic secretion and endogenous secretin release in rats, and that secretin release is not influenced by the cholinergic tone, although pancreatic secretory response is inhibited significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of CCK antagonists CR 1409 and CR 1505 on rat pancreatic exocrine secretion in vivo.

The action of cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonists CR 1409 and CR 1505 on pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by exogenous and endogenous CCK was studied in vivo in anesthetized rats, and compared with proglumide. Intravenous administration of CR 1409 and CR 1505 in graded doses between 0.04 and 25 mg/kg/h resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition in pancreatic juice volume and amylase output stimulated by intravenous infusion of CCK-8 in a dose of 0.06 microgram/kg/h. CR 1409 is 1,000 times and CR 1505 is 267 times more potent than proglumide, based on the ED50 (effective dose for half-maximal inhibition) for CCK-8-stimulated amylase secretion. Intraduodenal administration of casein in a dose of 400 mg/h caused significant increases in plasma CCK concentration and pancreatic secretion of juice volume and outputs of amylase and trypsin. Both CR 1409 and CR 1505 in a dose of 5 mg/kg/h suppressed the increases in pancreatic juice volume and both amylase and trypsin outputs induced by casein given intraduodenally. These results indicate that CCK antagonists including CR 1409, CR 1505, and proglumide inhibit pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by not only exogenous, but also endogenous CCK in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Genetic control of signal transduction in mouse melanocytes.

At the final step of melanocyte differentiation in mouse hair follicles, the cells produce melanin. The type of melanin they produce is, however, determined by the tissue environment of hair follicles. In wild-type mice, melanocytes located in hair bulbs synthesize eumelanin at the beginning of hair growth. They subsequently produce pheomelanin and finally produce eumelanin again. Therefore, the hair is characterized by a subterminal band of yellow, with the rest of it displaying black. This characteristic is called the agouti pattern and is known to be determined by the wild-type allele, A at the a (agouti) locus, which is considered to function in the follicular cells. Expression of the agouti pattern is altered by genetic substitutions at the a locus and the e (extension) locus. Animals heterozygous for the Ay (lethal yellow) allele exhibit yellow coat color; those homozygous for the e (recessive yellow) also produce yellow hair exclusively. By using an organ culture method, we demonstrated that alpha-MSH and cholera toxin, as well as forskolin, induced eumelanin synthesis in explants from lethal yellow mice (Ay/a). On the other hand, these reagents did not induce eumelanogenesis in the hair follicles of recessive yellow (e/e) mice. Therefore, we assume that the product of the a locus, which probably functions in follicle cells, interacts with alpha-MSH at the alpha-MSH receptor and that the e locus controls the functionality of adenylate cyclase in the membrane of mouse melanocytes.

Animals↗