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Biomedical subjects

T Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to T Takeda.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Cytological studies of esophageal carcinoma and gastric carcinoma receiving radiation and chemotherapy].

The cytology of the endoscopic biopsy materials from 85 cases of esophageal cancer were analyzed for effects of the combined radiotherapy with Bleomycin. Cancer cells were remarkably decreased in number after the combination therapy. Unaffected cancer cells declined to negligible levels in 64 of 79 esophageal cancer cases irradiated more than 6,000 rad. Out of 42 gastric cancer cases treated with only anticancer drugs, 37 cases exhibited hardly cytologic changes in the smears of biopsied materials. About the remnant 5 cases, cancer cells showed partially cytoplasmic swelling, nuclear enlargement and nuclear abnormal stain. The smears of the biopsy and resected specimens from 64 gastric cancer cases with radiation and chemotherapy were cytologically discussed. The combination therapy increased the amount of both necrotic materials and neutrophils in the smears. The cytoplasms of treated cancer cells were swollen, vacuolated and stained abnormally. The nuclei of cancer cells became enlarged, multiple, piknotic and/or stained pale. Nuclear swelling was more prominent in cancer cells of differentiated adenocarcinomas. Cancer cells were decreased in number almost in inverse proportion to irradiation dose. Unaffected cancer cells were disappeared in 13 of 24 cases irradiated more than 6,000 rad, in 7 of 35 cases irradiated in the range 3,000 to 6,000 rad, in none of 5 cases irradiated less than 3,000 rad.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Assay of anti-cancer drug sensitivity of cells from human tumors. Detection of cell viability with radioisotope (author's transl)].

An attempt has been made to construct an assay of anti-cancer drug sensitivity which is suitable for use with primary culture cells from human bone and soft tissue tumors. The ability of cells to incorporate labeled nucleic acid precursors into acid precipitable material was assessed. Hela-S3 cells were employed to avoid inherited variability and heterogenity of primary cultures of human tumors. Labeled nucleic acid precursors were used not to assay the changes of DNA or RNA synthesis but to detect the viability of cells. A logarithm of counts per minute of incorporated labeled precursors is in proportion to a logarithm of viable cell numbers. This relationship was not influenced by the labeled precursor incubation time. Multiplate was used to provide large numbers of replicate cultures without the requirement of a large numbers of cells. Monolayer Hela-S3 cells which were seeded 24 hours earlier were incubated for three hours with various concentrations of drugs. After removal of drugs, cells were cultured for one week. In this period, Hela-S3 cells with no drug treatment became almost confluent and mitoses occurred about four times. Labeled precursors were incubated for three hours, and incorporated 3H-thymidine was counted. A standard curve of incorporated labeled precursor counts and viable cell numbers was drawn for every assay. The density inhibition of labeled nucleic acid precursor incorporation can be checked and connected with the standard curve, and viable cell numbers after drug exposure can be obtained from the standard curve. When percent survival is plotted against drug concentration, a sigmoid curve is obtained if the drug has dose dependent effect and then the 90% lethal dose (LD90) can be determined from the curve. LD90 was used as the index of anti-cancer drug sensitivity. If the drug has time dependent effect, percent survival of maximal inhibition was used as the index of drug sensitivity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

[The effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on catecholamine concentrations in rat plasma, heart, brain and kidneys (author's transl)].

Two studies were designed to examine the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on the sympathetic nervous system. In the first study, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the heart were measured in rats which had been given the agent orally in tap water (0.5 mg/ml) for 2, 9, 19, 29, and 58 days. BP and HR were measured using a tail-microphone to which a tachometer to record HR was connected in the unanesthetized and unrestricted condition. Heart NE was extracted with perchrolic acid and measured with the THI method on a high pressure liquid chromatography. The same study was also done in the control rats. The BP of the rats which had been given captopril for 9 days or more was significantly lower than in the control rats, while HR was not different between the two groups of rats. The ratio of heart weight/body weight was significantly lower in the captopril rats than in the control rats 58 days after the captopril administration. The ratio was significantly correlated with BP in these captopril and control rats (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01). In contrast to the control rats, the NE concentrations in the heart gradually increased in the captopril rats, thus being significantly higher in the latter than in the former after 29 and 58 days of captopril administration (p less than 0.01 for both observations). In addition, the lower the BP was, the higher the NE concentrations in the heart was in all the rats (r = 0.52, p less than 0.001). In the second study, BP, HR, and NE concentrations in plasma, heart, brain and the left kidney were measured in rats which had been on captopril for 2 and 29 days. Renal renin content (RRC) was also measured in the right kidney. In this study, BP and HR were recorded through a carotid catheter which had been inserted 4 hrs previously under light ether anesthesia. BP was significantly lower and NE concentrations in the heart was higher in the captopril rats than in the control rats after 29 days of captopril administration. There was a significant negative correlation between BP and NE concentrations in the heart in the captopril and the control rats (r = -0.88, p less than 0.001). No difference in HR was found between the 2 groups. NE concentrations in plasma, brain and kidney showed no significant differences between the captopril and the control rats in either of the stages of sacrifice. RRC was markedly reduced in the rats with 2 days of captopril, while it increased in the rats with 29 days of captopril. However, the RRC had no definite relationship with the NE concentrations in plasma or that in the kidney. The results show that chronic administration of captopril reduces the heart weight in normotensive rats. This effect points on the one hand to a decrease in "cardiac after-load" and on the other to changes of humoral factors such as plasma angiotensin II induced by captopril...

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1981

Neural activity of nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis--the origin of visual mossy fiber afferents to the cerebellar flocculus of rabbits.

Activities of 55 neurons were extra- and intracellularly recorded in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (Nrt) of anesthetized rabbits. The cells were antidromically activated from the flocculus as well as orthodromically from the optic tracts. They were antidromically activated from either the ipsilateral or contralateral flocculus (latency, 0.94 msec) but not from the flocculi on both sides. There was no preference for projection to either the ipsilateral or contralateral flocculus. Twenty out of 55 neurons were orthodromically activated from the ipsilateral and 15 neurons from the contralateral optic tract. The remaining 20 neurons were excited from the optic tract on both sides. The orthodromic latencies were all in the same range with a mean of 4.7 msec. These findings demonstrate the existence of neurons in the Nrt that transfer visual signals to the flocculus through mossy fiber afferents. They indicate that Nrt neurons may contribute to controlling eye movements through the flocculus.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1981

Amyloid deposition in the articular structures of AKR senescent mice.

Amyloid deposition in the articular structures occurred with high frequency in a strain of mice now being established as an animal model of senescence in this laboratory. The changes were most evident in the knee joint. Peripheral joints were always spared. The lesions appeared after 7 months of age, and the incidence reached 88% (7 of 8) in autopsied mice over 8 months of age. This is the first report of amyloid deposition in the joints of laboratory animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate.

The results of megavoltage radiotherapy by linear accelerator for the prostatic cancer are reported. Most of the patients were treated with combined radiation and hormone therapy. Five-year survival rates in stages B, C, and D were 91.7%, 58.9%, and 25.3%, respectively. Patients with stage C disease did poorly following radiotherapy compared to stage A and B patients. Improvement of overall status and atrophy of prostatic lesions was more frequently observed in stage B than in stage C disease. The post-therapeutic course was good in those patients in whom the prostate atrophied, and when this was combined with an absence of detectable cancer cells, the post-therapeutic course was excellent. Many patients who experienced only general improvement or no change in prostate size after irradiation experienced reactivation or developed metastasis.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Histologic and cytologic studies on atypical epithelial growth of the stomach.

Thirty three resected gastric lesions were examined histologically to analyze the relationship between histologic and cytologic diagnoses of the so-called atypical epithelial growth based on biopsy specimens. Of the 33 lesions twenty were histologically verified atypical epithelial growth and the remaining thirteen were, in the same manner, diagnosed with some equivocation as papillary adenocarcinoma. The results of both histological and cytological diagnoses of the biopsy materials from the above mentioned 33 lesions were as follows; for the twenty atypical epithelial growths, 18 were diagnosed as benign, one was as suspicious of malignancy and the other one was as cancer by biopsy histology, whereas these lesions were diagnosed as benign in 16, suspicious in two and cancer in two by cytology; for the thirteen papillary adenocarcinoma, 8 were diagnosed as benign, 4 were as suspicious of malignancy and one was as cancer by biopsy histology. On the other hand their diagnoses were malignant in six, suspicious of cancer in four and benign in three by biopsy cytology. The data indicate that biopsy cytology favors malignancy for atypical epithelial growth and papillary adenocarcinoma when compared with biopsy histology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

A new murine model of accelerated senescence.

Five senescence-prone series of mice (P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4 and P-5) and three senescence-resistant series (R-1, R-2 and R-3) were obtained by continuous sister-brother breeding from five original litters of AKR mice with severe deterioration, and the three original litters of AKR mice with normal aging, respectively. A grading score system was adopted to evaluate the degree of senescence of these mice and a steady and irreversible increase in this grading score was seen with advancing age in both the R and P series. The high grading score in the P series was due to an earlier onset of loss of passivity and reactivity, loss of skin glossiness and increased coarseness, hair loss, periophthalmic lesions, increased lordokyphosis of the spine and a more marked increase in their severity with advancing age as compared to the R series. Among the P series, P-2 showed a 100% incidence of systemic amyloidosis after 6 months of age and P-3 a 70% incidence of cataract over 16 months of age. The life span in the P series was shortened by about 26% of that of the R series. In view of the evidence obtained from the survivors, the growth rate and Gompertz function, the aging pattern in the P series was considered to be an acceleration of senescence. The P series has been named "SAM" ("Senescence Accelerated Mouse").

Aging↗