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Biomedical subjects

T Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to T Takeda.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Mass screening of neuroblastoma in Sapporo City, Japan.

In Sapporo City a mass screening program for neuroblastoma aiming at 6-month-old infants has been performed since April 1981. By March 1990, 136,001 infants were screened; 26 true-positive cases of neuroblastoma and six false-negative cases were detected. The sensitivity of the mass screening method was about 80% throughout the 9 years. During the 9-year period, a total of nine children with neuroblastoma who were not screened were also identified. Clinical stage, age at diagnosis, and survival rate for the 32 patients who were screened (26 true positives and six false negatives) were much more favorable than those for the nine patients who were not screened. A remarkable decrease in the incidence of cases of neuroblastoma with advanced clinical stages over 1 year of age, especially among children 1-4 years of age, was noted after the start of the mass screening. The mortality from this tumor in children up to 4 years of age significantly decreased after the start of the urinary screening program. Rescreening at 14 months of age was begun in April, 1991 in Sapporo City. Performing two screening examinations decreases the probability of overlooking a patient. Thus, it is expected that tumors missed on the first screening would be detected by the second screening.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

Developmental and age-related changes in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing in mice.

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA is modified by a post-transcriptional editing reaction (C to U) changing a glutamine (CAA) to a translational stop codon (UAA) and producing apoB-48 mRNA in mammalian liver and intestine. Developmental and age-related changes in apoB mRNA editing were studied using two mouse strains with different aging processes (SAM-R/1 with a normal aging process and SAM-P/1 with an accelerated aging process). During growth of both strains, the proportion of unedited (apoB-100) mRNA decreased from 80% in the fetal liver at the 17th day of gestation to 30% in the liver of mature 2-month-old mice. Age-associated increase in the proportion of hepatic apoB-100 mRNA was observed from the age of 18 months in the SAM-R/1 strain. In the SAM-P/1 strain, apoB-100 mRNA in the liver continued to increase from the age of 10 months to death. The profiles of developmental and age-related changes in the proportion of two serum apoB isoproteins (apoB-100 and apoB-48) followed the extent of hepatic apoB mRNA editing. Age-related changes in the extent of apoB mRNA editing in the small intestine were not observed in either strain. A slight expression of apoB was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the kidney, stomach, and colon, and age-associated change in the extent of editing was observed in the kidney. These correlated changes in apoB mRNA editing and serum apoB proteins suggest that RNA editing may be one mechanism involved in the regulation of lipoprotein biogenesis in biological development and in senescent mice. An age-associated decrease in the extent of hepatic apoB mRNA editing and increases of the proportion of serum apoB-100 protein were observed in senescent mice.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

[The efficacy of day care in preventing the readmission of chronic schizophrenic patients].

Prolongation of outpatient treatment period assessed on the basis of outpatient survival rate (SR), etc., was used to evaluate the efficacy of day care (DC) in preventing the readmission of 95 chronic schizophrenic patients with a history of multiple admissions. Before using DC, SR gradually decreased as time since discharge passed, and after 300 weeks had fallen to 26%. After the introduction of DC, on the other hand, although SR decreased up to 230 weeks, from 230 weeks SR is found to plateau so that by 300 weeks it was 51%. In other words, not only was a lower readmission rate observed at the end of 300 weeks after the introduction of DC than before, but it became clear that about 230 weeks (approximately 4.5 years) had become a turning point with respect to prognosis. In addition, the mean duration of outpatient treatment was significantly longer beginning 175 weeks after discharge, after the introduction of DC than before (at 175 weeks, p less than 0.05; at 200 weeks, p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon test). The above demonstrate a readmission preventing effect and an outpatient treatment period prolonging effect of DC. Next, whole 95 patients were divided into a response group and a no-response group depending on whether their outpatient treatment period had been prolonged by DC. The prescribed doses of psychotropic drugs, which were represented by equivalent doses of chlorpromazine and haloperidol, were compared during the outpatient treatment period before and after the introduction of DC in the subjects in the response group, however, at least the possibility that increasing doses of psychotropic drugs as maintenance therapy agents was involved in prolonging the outpatient treatment period was ruled out. Moreover, the 47 patients who were readmitted within 300 weeks after the introduction of DC were divided into a response group and a no-response group, and when the proportions of patients who had to be readmitted during DC were compared, there were more in the no-response group (p less than 0.05, chi 2 test). Many of the cases requiring readmission during DC were intractable, and since there were many such patients in the no-response group, it appeared that the likelihood of belonging to the no-response group meant the simultaneous likelihood of being intractable during DC. Furthermore, when we checked the percentage of the number of DC users among patients who came to the outpatient clinic without being admitted, it was found to plateau at 30% around 170 weeks after discharge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Serovar, biotype, phage type, toxigenicity & antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae isolated during two consecutive cholera seasons (1989-90) in Calcutta.

Characteristics of V. cholerae isolated from patients of acute secretory diarrhoea admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta during two consecutive cholera seasons (1989 and 1990), with special emphasis on biotyping and toxigenicity, were investigated. The isolation rates of V. cholerae during 1989 and 1990 were 78 and 85.1 per cent respectively, with Inaba serotype dominating in 1989 and Ogawa in 1990. All the V. cholerae 01 strains isolated in this study belonged to biotype Eltor with phage type 4 dominating (48.8%). Most of the strains of V. cholerae were resistant to 10 and 150 micrograms/ml of 0/129 vibriostatic agent. Similarly, majority of the V. cholerae strains were resistant to furazolidone (95.7%), cotrimoxazole (83%) and tetracycline (63.1%) and several resistance patterns were encountered. All the V. cholerae 01 strains examined produced cholera toxin (CT) in amounts ranging between greater than 70 pg/ml and greater than 2.5 ng/ml. In contrast, all but one of the non-01 strains isolated in this study did not produce CT. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of non-01 V. cholerae mediated diarrhoea.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Dyspnea and ventilatory muscle function during exercise on air and oxygen breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)].

Exercise performance and dyspnea in COPD patients have been shown to be improved with supplemental oxygen, although the exact mechanisms resulting in the improvement are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible relationship between ventilatory muscle function and sensation of dyspnea (modified Borg Scale) during exercise on 20% O2 and 30% O2. Eight patients with COPD (FEV1 1.06 L +/- 0.30 L) exercised on a treadmill two times breathing compressed air or 30% oxygen with a one hour rest in between. The electrical activity of the diaphragm (EMGdi) was recorded with esophageal electrodes, and that of the sternomastoid muscle (EMGsm) was recorded from the fine wire electrodes. The ratio of high frequency (150 to 350 Hz) to low frequency (20 to 47 Hz) power (H/L) of EMGdi was analyzed to assess diaphragmatic fatigue, which was defined as a 20% fall of H/L ratio from the control value. Flow, volume, O2 Saturation (SaO2), esophageal pressure (Pes) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) were measured. Tension time index (TTdi) was calculated from Pdi and the ratio of inspiratory time to total time for one cycle (Ti/Ttot). At rest, we measured maximal esophageal pressure (Pesmax), maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax), maximal integrated EMGdi (EMGdimax) and EMGsm (EMGsmmax). Incremental exercise was discontinued by dyspnea. The walking distance achieved was increased in all patients on 30% O2. Dyspnea and desaturation were significantly improved on 30% O2 breathing, and the onset of diaphragmatic fatigue was delayed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of 13 postmortem examinations with regard to the effect of chemotherapy on neuroblastoma patients.

Thirteen postmortem examinations on neuroblastoma patients were reviewed clinicopathologically. Commonly found metastatic sites were bone, liver and lung. The introduction of massive doses of cyclophosphamide and cisplatinum into chemotherapy protocol markedly reduced the tumor burden: no tumor focus in liver or lung, small tumor burden in bone. Lymph node metastasis remained, however, and was refractory to the chemotherapy. The intensive chemotherapy caused severe side effects: interstitial or bacterial pneumonia and intrathecal bleeding, which sometimes proved fatal. Such side effects must, therefore, be carefully controlled in order to maximize the survival rate.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[The effects of preoperative insertion of double-J catheter in transurethral lithotripsy (TUL)].

Transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) was performed in the cases in which the ureteral calculi were not destroyed by the extracorporeal shock-wave lithotriptor (Dornier HM-3, EDAP LT 01). Preoperative placement of double-J ureteral catheter (D-J catheter) caused ureteral dilation, allowing smooth insertion of the ureteroscope. We divided the 55 TUL cases into two groups, those with (27) or without (28) a D-J catheter placed preoperatively, and compared requirement of ureteral bougination, difficulty of ureteroscope insertion and duration of operation between the two groups. In all cases with a D-J catheter, ureteral bougination was not necessary, the insertion of ureteroscope was easier and the duration of operation was shorter than the cases without a D-J catheter. Bladder irritable symptoms were seen in some cases with a D-J catheter but did not require removal of the D-J catheter. On the follow-up term after TUL, there was no difference in the incidence of postoperative fever or postoperative ureteral stenosis, between the cases with and those without a D-J catheter.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of intratumoral injection of the mixture of OK-432 and fibrinogen (OK/fbg) on gastric cancer].

We have reported the intratumoral injection of OK/fbg is a very effective immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. In this study, we injected OK/fbg into gastric cancer. Histopathological examinations revealed the formation of fibrin fibers, marked infiltration of inflammatory cells and regression of tumor tissue. Seven days after injection, cytotoxicity of splenic lymphocytes was significantly high and HLA-DR, CD25+ splenic lymphocytes were increased. But there was no significant change in peripheral blood and lymph node lymphocytes. On the contrary, several hours after injection, cytotoxicity and surface markers were changed in peripheral blood and lymph node lymphocytes. However, there was no change in splenic lymphocytes. We suppose that activation of splenic lymphocytes was caused by activation of peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1992

[Intermittent intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir for the treatment of hepatic metastasis].

Intermittent intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir was performed for hepatic metastases and the therapeutic effects were evaluated. We treated 21 patients with hepatic metastases of gastric cancer in 8 cases, rectal cancer in 6 cases, colon cancer in 5 cases and breast cancer in 2 cases. The reduction rate of the tumor diameter as seen by CT scan was used as a criteria for antitumor effectiveness. Only 1 case was PR, for an efficacy rate of 5%. Changes in serum CEA level were related to antitumor effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of fibrotic lung diseases by long-term evaluation with 133Xe functional imaging].

Semiquantitative analysis of regional lung function was carried out using 133Xe functional imaging, which can be performed repeatedly in a non-invasive and effortless way, on 33 patients with fibrotic lung disease, which often occurs in aged patients with decreased lung function. The results of this analysis were compared with those obtained by conventional methods, including chest X-ray and CT examinations and testing of whole lung function. The results obtained from the 33 patients (fibrotic group) were also compared with those obtained from 28 normal adults (control group), and 7 of the 33 patients were followed up for a long period of time. In the fibrotic group, both V/V and Q/V decreased in bilateral lower lung zones, while Q/V increased in upper lung zones, resulting in a tendency toward less differences in V/Q among upper, middle and lower zones. The mean MWT in the whole lung was shortened to 68 +/- 13 sec. in the fibrotic group from 74 +/- 9 sec. observed in the control group. Such a difference in MWT between the fibrotic and control groups was also seen in the upper and middle zones. As for long-term changes, although V/V showed no marked changes, Q/V demonstrated progressive and remarkable decreases in the lower lung zone, therefore, V/Q was uniformly distributed over the whole lung in appearance. MWT was prolonged with time in all of the 7 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The advantages of laser assist in parenchyma-sparing pulmonary resection].

The advantages of laser irradiation were investigated retrospectively, using a total of 89 parenchyma-sparing pulmonary resection (PSPR) for localized lung lesions which included 42 conventional wedge resection (CWR), 8 PSPR using electrocoagulator (PE) and 39 PSPR using CO2 laser or Nd:YAG laser (PCYL). The major axes of the lesions in PNYL (25.4 +/- 10 mm) were significantly (p = 0.0387) longer than that in CWR (20.3 +/- 11.3 mm). The amount of bleeding during operation was similar in three groups. The mean value of the amount of postoperative exudation from the thoracic drains in PCYL (615 ml) was only 60 ml more than that in CWR. Bloody sputum was observed for 4.8 days in PCYL and 5.0 days in CWR, whereas 7.1 days in PE. Air leak was observed 33.3% in PCYL, 37.5% in PE, whereas 22.5% in CWR, that continued for 1.7 days (mean value) in PCYL, 1.6 days in PE and 2.0 days in CWR. Decrease (differences between preoperative and postoperative lung functions/volume of the lesions) in FVC and FEV1.0 in PCYL (mean values = 221, 158) and PE (174, 135) were less than that in CWR (339, 204). Laser assist in PSPR revealed advantages in hemostasis comparing with PE, and in parenchyma-sparing comparing with CWR. And no clear difference between PCYL and CWR in bleeding during operation, the amount of postoperative exudation and postoperative air leak. CO2 laser is reported that has higher potential in vaporization or cutting but lower ability in hemostasis comparing with Nd:YAG laser, so authors would express that Nd:YAG laser assist is most safe and effective in parenchyma-sparing lung resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Polymorphism of apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) among inbred strains of mice. Relationship between the molecular type of apoA-II and mouse senile amyloidosis.

Three types of apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) proteins (A, B and C) were predicted from the nucleotide sequence of apoA-II cDNA. Substitution of amino acid residues was noted at four positions (type A: Pro-5, Asp-20, Met-26, Ala-38; B: Pro-5, Glu-20, Val-26, Val-38; C: Gln-5, Glu-20, Val-26, Ala-38). Each type was identifiable by digestion of amplified apoA-II DNA by PCR, using restriction-fragment-length polymorphism of the apoA-II gene for restriction enzymes Cfr13I and MspI. The molecular type of apoA-II was determined among 23 strains of mice including nine of the senescence accelerated mouse series developed in our laboratory. Examination of types of apoA-II and amyloid deposition in the F2 and F3 hybrid mice showed that apoA-II amyloid deposition was present only in the mice homozygous for type C apoA-II and which were 12-17 months of age. The molecular type of apoA-II may be a factor involved in the development of senile amyloidosis in mice.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Angiotensin II induced biphasic inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate response in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.

We examined angiotensin II induced changes of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) using a specific protein binding assay system. We observed a rapid biphasic Ins(1,4,5)P3 response, which peaked at 5 s and at 30 s after angiotensin II stimulation. At every period of time the Ins(1,4,5)P3 level of SHR was 2- to 5-fold higher than that of WKY. Thus, the Ins(1,4,5)P3 specific assay revealed a complex Ins(1,4,5)P3 response after angiotensin II stimulation and suggested the need for further investigation of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 metabolism following agonist stimulation in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1991

Induction of inflammatory arthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis in mice transgenic for HTLV-I.

Human T cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia and has also been suggested to be involved in other diseases such as chronic arthritis or myelopathy. To elucidate pathological roles of the virus in disease, transgenic mice were produced that carry the HTLV-I genome. At 2 to 3 months of age, many of the mice developed chronic arthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial and periarticular inflammation with articular erosion caused by invasion of granulation tissues were marked. These observations suggest a possibility that HTLV-I is one of the etiologic agents of chronic arthritis in humans.

Animals↗