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Biomedical subjects

T Takashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Takashima.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Segmental staining on hepatic arteriography as a sign of intrahepatic portal vein obstruction.

Peripheral obstruction of intrahepatic portal vein branches was detected by dynamic sequential computed tomography during arterial portography and subsequently confirmed surgically in 9 patients with hepatic neoplasm (7 hepatocellular carcinomas, 1 cholangiocarcinoma, and 1 metastatic lymphadenopathy from gastric carcinoma). In 1 patient, 2 obstructed segments were seen. Eight of these 10 segments showed more dense staining than other regions of the liver during infusion hepatic angiography. Retrograde opacification of the peripheral venules of the obstructed portion was seen in 2 of these 8 segments. This pattern was attributed to trans-sinusoidal or peripheral arterioportal shunting. In 5 cases, the segmental staining obscured the tumor stain, making the tumor appear larger than it actually was or causing it to be missed altogether.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1984

Amelioration of diabetes mellitus in partially depancreatized rats by poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitors. Evidence of islet B-cell regeneration.

Ninety percent depancreatized rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 g/kg nicotinamide and 0.05 g/kg 3-aminobenzamide, potent inhibitors of islet poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase. One to three months after the partial pancreatectomy, urinary and plasma glucose levels in nicotinamide- and 3-aminobenzamide-treated rats were markedly lower than those in saline-treated control rats. Morphologic examination of the remaining pancreata revealed that islets in the poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor-treated rats were markedly enlarged and consisted largely of B-cells. These results suggest that poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitors induce islet B-cell regeneration, thereby preventing or improving diabetes mellitus in partially depancreatized rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Laboratory and clinical studies of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric field].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of SBT/CPZ against the clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa were measured by the plate dilution method with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The susceptibility distribution of S. aureus to SBT/CPZ ranged from 0.39 to 6.25 micrograms/ml, and the peak of distribution was 1.56 micrograms/ml. The peak of susceptibility distribution of K. pneumoniae was 0.20 microgram/ml, and the distribution of E. coli and E. aerogenes ranged from 0.10 to 12.5 micrograms/ml and that of S. marcescens, from 0.2 to 25 micrograms/ml. The growth of 80.8% of P. aeruginosa was inhibited at the concentration of 12.5 micrograms/ml. The distribution of E. cloacae ranged from 0.1 to 50 micrograms/ml. For pharmacokinetic study, SBT/CPZ was given in a single dose of 20 mg/kg by drip infusion for 1 hour in 2 children and 40 mg/kg by drip infusion for 1 hour in 1 children. With drip infusion of SBT/CPZ, the peak serum level were 17.8/43.9 micrograms/ml, 21.8/75.5 micrograms/ml on completion of the infusion, respectively. SBT/CPZ was effective in 14 cases out of 16 cases with clinical effect. No side effect was observed except for eosinophilia in 1 case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Laboratory and clinical studies of ceftriaxone in the pediatric field].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CTRX against the clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, S. marcescens, Citrobacter sp. and P. aeruginosa were measured by the agar dilution method with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The susceptibility distribution of S. aureus to CTRX ranged from 0.2 to 12.5 micrograms/ml, and the peak of distribution was 3.13 micrograms/ml. The peak of susceptibility distribution of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 0.1 microgram/ml or lower, and the distribution of E. aerogenes and E. cloacae ranged from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml, Citrobacter sp. and S. marcescens, from 0.1 to 12.5 micrograms/ml and that of P. aeruginosa, from 0.39 to 100 micrograms/ml or more. For pharmacokinetic study, CTRX was given in a single dose of 10 mg/kg in 1 child and 20 mg/kg in 2 children by drip infusion for 1 hour. After drip infusion of CTRX in a single dose of 10 mg/kg, the peak serum level was 61.4 micrograms/ml on completion of the infusion, and 8.43 micrograms/ml at 12 hours. Half-life time was 4.6 hours. With drip infusion of CTRX in a single dose of 20 mg/kg, the peak serum level was 105.5 micrograms/ml on completion of the infusion, and 19.1 micrograms/ml at 12 hours. Half-life time was 8.7 hours. CTRX was effective all cases out of 8 cases with bacterial infection. No side effect was observed except for elevation of serum GOT in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 1 case.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

[Laboratory and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of ceftazidime ( CAZ ) and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CAZ against the clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, S. marcescens, C. freundii and P. aeruginosa were measured by the plate dilution method with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The susceptibility distribution of S. aureus to CAZ ranged from 3.13 to 100 micrograms/ml, and the peak of distribution was 12.5 micrograms/ml. The peak of susceptibility distribution of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae was 0.2 micrograms/ml, and the distribution of E. aerogenes ranged from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml and that of S. marcescens, from 0.05 to 3.13 micrograms /ml. The growth of 92% of P. aeruginosa was inhibited at the concentration of 3.13 micrograms/ml or lower. For pharmacokinetic study, CAZ was given in a single dose of 10 mg/kg by intravenous administration for 5 minutes in 1 child and by drip infusion for 30 minutes in 2 children. After intravenous administration of CAZ , the serum level got to the peak of 41.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, and was 1.0 micrograms /ml at 6 hours. Half-life time was 1.30 hours. With drip infusion of CAZ , the mean peak serum level was 52.45 +/- 2.05 micrograms/ml on completion of the infusion, and 1.05 +/- 0.05 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. Half-life time was 1.30 hours. CAZ was effective in 9 cases out of 11 cases with bacterial infection. No side effect was observed except for elevation of serum GOT and GPT in 1 case and eosinophilia in 1 case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[The pathogenesis of diabetes produced by subtotal pancreatectomy, with special reference to the cell kinetics of the islet cells].

The pathogenesis of the diabetes produced by the subtotal pancreatectomy was investigated from the pancreatic endocrine function and the cell kinetics of the islet cells. The authors prepared the following two groups in the rats. The first group was 90% pancreatectomized rats and the second group was the 60% pancreatectomized rats. Most of the 90% pancreatectomized rats developed diabetes twelve weeks after operation. In these diabetic rats the insulin secretion was undetectable during glucose infusion. To the contrary, the relative increase of the glucagon secretion was found during arginine infusion in spite of the hyperglycemia. However, non of the 60% pancreatectomized rats developed diabetes during post-operative course up to 6 months. To investigate the cell kinetics of the islet cells, the 3H-thymidine autoradiography was prepared at several intervals after operation. The results of the thymidine labelling index showed two phase of regeneration. The first phase was observed on three to seven days after pancreatectomy and the second phase was on fourteen to twenty-eight days. After the second phase of regeneration, the degeneration of the B-cells was observed in the 90% pancreatectomized rats. On the ninetieth days after operation the atrophy of the islets and the disturbance of the arrangement of A, B and D cells were observed by the immuno-histochemical studies. Meanwhile, the 60% pancreatectomized rats did not show degeneration of the islets. These results show that the onset of diabetes after subtotal pancreatectomy was produced by degeneration of the B cells surpassing their regenerative capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

CT diagnosis of common bile duct stone.

Common bile duct stones were demonstrated as high-density objects on CT in 22 of 45 cases. About 96% of the remaining cases (22 of 23) exhibited other abnormal CT findings which included common bile duct dilatation, concomitant gallbladder stones, and/or presence of intraductal air. CT is a useful diagnostic modality in the elevation of patients with suspected choledocholithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Work in progress: dynamic sequential computed tomography during arterial portography in the detection of hepatic neoplasms.

Dynamic sequential computed tomography with table incrementation during arterial portography (DSCTI-AP) of the entire liver was performed in an attempt to improve the detection of hepatic neoplasms. In 13 of 17 patients, DSCTI-AP detected more hepatic lesions than were detected by other imaging methods, including radionuclide liver scans, ultrasound, computed tomography, and hepatic angiography. In only one case, an extremely hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic angiography was superior to DSCTI-AP. DSCTI-AP is a simple technique that may be carried out as a part of hepatic angiography. We believe that DSCTI-AP is a sensitive and useful method for the accurate detection of hepatic neoplasms.

Angiography↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of the bronchial artery infusion of peplomycin (PEP) and mitomycin C (MMC) in lung cancer--comparison with single administration of PEP or MMC].

Effects of BAI with PEP 30 mg+MMC 10 mg on 26 patients with lung cancer were evaluated in comparison with 34 cases treated with single PEP or MMC. Histopathological findings of the cases treated with PEP+MMC and PEP alone showed more effective results than that of MMC alone. The tumor decreased rate on the chest X-ray film of the cases treated with PEP+MMC was highest and the cavity formation was also typical in the cases with PEP+MMC and PEP alone. The side effects of the cases with PEP+MMC were able to reduce markedly to about 50% compared with single administration of PEP or MMC; however pulmonary fibrosis and necrotizing bronchitis were noted in 8%.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1983

[The antibacterial activity of new cephem antibiotics against clinical isolates. A comparison of the antibacterial activity of cefotaxime with 6 other antibiotics].

During the period from May through July 1981, a comparative study was carried out on the antibacterial activities of cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftizoxime (CZX), cefoperazone (CPZ), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotiam (CTM), cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefazolin (CEZ). CTX and these other cephem antibiotics were tested against fresh clinical isolates which had been obtained from clinical materials by the laboratories of 14 participating medical institutions. 1. The clinical isolates were obtained from various clinical materials in the following decreasing order: urine, sputum and pus/discharge; 85.7% of the isolates came from these materials. 2. Concerning the sources of each species of clinical isolates, it was found that P. aeruginosa was isolated from the greatest number -9- of different clinical materials. This was followed by E. coli and E. cloacae, each isolated from 8 different clinical materials, and C. freundii and E. aerogenes, each found in 7 different clinical materials. 3. In relation to S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae and S. pneumoniae, CTX showed the best antibacterial activity; the second most potent antibiotic was CZX. CMZ and LMOX were found to show relatively high MIC values for those species. Against S. aureus, CEZ showed the best antibacterial activity, but 3 resistant strains had MICs of greater than 100 micrograms/ml. 4. With regard to Gram-negative bacteria, CTX and CZX showed the best antibacterial activities for all of the species, except for P. aeruginosa. These were followed, in order, by LMOX and CPZ. Compared with these 4 antibiotics, CTM, CMZ and CEZ were found to have inferior antibacterial activities against these bacteria. In relation to P. aeruginosa, the peak of the MIC distribution for CPZ was 6.25 micrograms/ml, and this was the best antibacterial activity detected with the various antibiotics tested. This was followed by CTX (25 micrograms/ml) LMOX (25 micrograms/ml) and CZX (50 micrograms/ml). CTM had an MIC of 100 micrograms/ml for 1 strain, and MICs of greater than 100 micrograms/ml for all of the other strains of P. aeruginosa, indicating them to be resistant to this antibiotic. All of the strains were resistant to CMZ and CEZ, showing MICs of greater than 100 micrograms/ml. 5. For each of the tested antibiotics, no correlation was found between the MIC and the serogroup for either P. aeruginosa or S. marcescens.

Bacteria↗