Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to T Tajima.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of aspoxicillin in pediatric patients].

Since the efficacy and the safety of aspoxicillin (ASPC, TA-058) have been established on adult patients and the need of ASPC use on pediatric patients was anticipated, we performed a 16 center study on the clinical utility of ASPC in pediatric patients. 1. Pharmacokinetics ASPC was intravenously administered to 45 patients at a dose of 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg by one shot. Serum concentrations of ASPC were dependent of dose levels, and maximum levels of 58.4-230.8 micrograms/ml and half-lives (beta) of 1.08-1.16 hours were observed. Urinary recovery rates were 62.7-67.2% in 6 hours. Results obtained upon drip infusions (0.5-1 hour) were similar to one shot injections. 2. Clinical results (1) Clinical effectiveness Of 318 evaluable patients including 175 boys and 143 girls, 18.2% were nurslings and 61% were young children under 4 years of age. One hundred eighty six patients from whom causative organisms were isolated were classified as A group. Among them were 5 patients suffered with sepsis, but the ASPC treatment eradicated all the bacteria but Salmonella java in 1 case. All of 4 patients with meningitis were cured and all causative organisms (3 cases with Haemophilus influenzae and 1 case with Gram-positive coccus) were eradicated. Cure rates were 90% for 130 patients with respiratory tract infection, 88.6% for 35 with urinary tract infection, 85.7% for 7 with skin soft tissue infection and 89.8% for all the A group patients. Meanwhile, no causative organisms were isolated from 132 patients (B group patients) but cure rate of 91.7% was obtained for this group. No statistical difference was observed between A and B groups. For all the patients (318), the cure rate was 90.6%. (2) Bacteriological effects Of 63 Gram-positive bacteria isolated as pathogens, 58 strains were eradicated. Of 117 Gram-negative bacterial, 101 were eradicated. The eradication rate on all 180 strains was 88.3%. Overall, ASPC showed excellent effects against Streptococcus. Among strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 18 of 20 strains were eradicated. Of 59 strains of H. influenzae, 52 were eradicated and 3 decreased. Among strains of Escherichia coli, 25 of 28 strains were eradicated. Of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 strains were decreased and one was unchanged. (3) ASPC was effective in 93.3% of 30 patients with serious infections and 79.2% of 72 patients with underlying diseases. Cure rates for patients with and without underlying disease were significantly different statistically (chi 2: P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Experimental study on pathogenesis of the fetal brain damage by acute carbon monoxide intoxication of the pregnant mother.

The pathogenesis of fetal brain damage caused by acute maternal carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication was experimentally investigated in cats; 11 pregnant cats in various gestational stages were exposed to 0.2-0.3% CO/air gas for 76-150 min; thereafter, 29 live and stillborn neonates and 14 fetuses removed by cesarean section were observed pathologically. In the full-term or late-gestational-stage fetuses and neonates, the most vulnerable areas were the cerebral white matter and brain stem, followed by the basal ganglia and thalamus, and then the cerebral cortex. No changes were found in the cerebellum. From the distribution and nature of the brain changes, a hypoxic-ischemic mechanism was proposed as the pathogenesis of fetal brain damage. In the fetuses or neonates in middle and early gestational stages, the frequency and severity of the brain changes were generally lower than in those in the late gestational stage, and the cerebral white matter and basal ganglia were most often involved, but the thalamus, brain stem and the cerebral cortex were spared. The severity and extent of the brain changes were not the same among all littermates, but varied from normal to severely damaged animals. Among the maternal physiological factors measured during the CO exposure, only the severity of acidosis was correlated with the grade of fetal brain damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Extraforaminal disc herniation.

Atypical disc herniation, especially extra foraminal disc herniation (EFDH), is apt to be overlooked, because myelography and peridurography can give false positive and false negative findings. Eleven cases of EFDH were diagnosed since 1975, and all were confirmed by operative treatment. This number is a very small percentage of the total, but if these cases had not been diagnosed correctly, the results of surgery would have been poor. Selective lumbosacral radiculography and nerve root block techniques are very useful in determining the nerve root involved. Discography is an excellent diagnostic technique for finding the relationship between the nerve root and hernia mass. Extra foraminal disc herniation must be kept in mind as a cause of lumbar radiculopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations of giant cell tumors of bone.

The origin and characteristics of so-called stromal cells (stromal cell) and the osteoclast-like giant cell series of 19 cases of giant cell tumor (G.C.T.) of bone were studied. Immunohistochemically, two interesting cases were found. The stromal cells of one case were alpha-1-antitrypsin positive and those of the other case were alpha-1-antichymotrypsin positive. The histiocytic stromal cells of the latter case seemed to be surely neoplastic since they showed mild to moderate cell atypism. There were foci consisting of fibroblastic cells or osteoid and osteoblasts within the tumor. Those cells in the foci were apparently continuous with the surrounding stromal cells, and they were, therefore, also considered to be neoplastic. These findings strongly indicate that the stromal cells originate from the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and may differentiate to osteoblastic, fibroblastic, and histiocytic cells. All cells of these three series were not stained for a high stable form of acid phosphatase (SAPhase). SAPhase activity was demonstrated only in osteoclast-like giant cells and some mononuclear cells, which are recently believed to be non-neoplastic. Therefore, the cell atypia of SAPhase negative stromal cells is considered to have a prognostic value.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Intravenous adenosine triphosphate disodium: its efficacy and electrophysiologic effects on patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias.

We studied the electrophysiologic effects of intravenous adenosine triphosphate disodium (ATP-2Na) on 17 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs). One patient had sinus node (SN) reentry, two had intraatrial (IA) reentry, 7 patients had AV nodal reentry and seven had atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias (AVRTs) with accessory pathways (APs). ATP-2Na was injected during ventricular pacing in patients with AV nodal reentry and AVRTs with APs. A bolus injection of ATP-2Na terminated all the PSVTs within 50 s except for one case of IA reentry (case 2). The sites of block at termination were the atrium in SN reentry and IA reentry, between A and H (AH) or between H and A (HA) in AV nodal reentry, and AH block in all the PSVTs with APs. The sites of action on the patients with AV nodal reentry were both the antegrade and retrograde pathways, while the modes of block were Mobitz type I and type II, respectively. ATP-2Na during ventricular pacing in patients with AV nodal reentry produced Mobitz type II ventriculoatrial block (VAB) in four of seven cases. ATP-2Na during ventricular pacing in patients with AVRTs with APs produced changes of atrial activation sequences in two patients, induction of PSVT in two patients, and Mobitz type II VA block in three patients. The former two phenomena suggested a retrograde AV nodal block and raised the possibility of a simple test for retrograde atrial fusion during ventricular pacing in patients with WPW syndrome. Chest discomfort of short duration was most commonly noted after ATP-2Na administration.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Single-serum diagnosis of rubella by combined use of the hemagglutination inhibition and passive hemagglutination tests.

We explored the feasibility of using the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test in combination with the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the single-serum diagnosis of rubella. We found by sedimentation analysis of the serum that early 7S antibody produced within 1 month after the onset of the rash had high HI but much lower PHA titers, whereas the PHA titers of antibody produced later were slightly higher than the HI titers. (19S antibody in the early serum had some PHA activity.) This disparity between the HI and PHA activities of the early 7S antibody could be used for the routine diagnosis of rubella. A comparison of the HI titers of the test serum with the PHA titers of mercaptoethanol-treated serum constitutes a simple method for determining whether the serum sample was taken shortly or remotely after the infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

A malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes with positive estrogen receptor and its heterotransplantation into nude mice.

We detected cytosol estrogen receptors in a malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes and succeeded in serial transplantations into athymic nude mice. The tumors of this transplantable strain (MC-3-JCK) have the same histologic features as the original tumors, and retain significant amounts of cytosol estrogen receptors. This strain appears to provide a useful experimental model for the study of biologic and therapeutic aspects of human cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pertussis toxin treatment blocks hyperpolarization by muscarinic agonists in chick atrium.

Atrial and ventricular adenylate cyclase activity and atrial membrane potentials were measured in hearts from hatched chicks at 2-3 days after intravenous administration of pertussis toxin (0.5-1.0 micrograms, total) or saline. Both in atrium and ventricle, treatment with pertussis toxin antagonized inhibition by carbachol of basal and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity without changing either basal or isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase. In atria from pertussis toxin-treated animals (5.4 mM potassium), carbachol hyperpolarized the resting membrane by 0.3 +/- 0.3 mV (n = 9) and did not increase resting potassium conductance. In contrast, carbachol hyperpolarized the resting membrane by 4.5 +/- 0.8 mV (n = 11) and increased resting potassium conductance more than 4-fold in saline-treated animals. Carbachol did not significantly affect the atrial action potential peak or duration at 50% repolarization of pertussis toxin-treated animals. This muscarinic agonist reduced action potential peak by 7.8 +/- 1.2 mV and the duration at 50% repolarization by 22.1 +/- 3.0 msec in atria from saline-treated animals. Pertussis toxin treatment also prevented the negative inotropic effect and the inhibition of calcium-dependent action potentials caused by carbachol in atrial muscle. Neither the affinity nor the maximal specific binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate in ventricular homogenates was changed by pertussis toxin treatment. The apparent affinity of carbachol for muscarinic receptor was slightly (approximately 2-fold) diminished in pertussis toxin-treated animals. The inhibition of carbachol-induced hyperpolarization by pertussis toxin treatment implicates a guanosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent protein (Ni or a similar protein) as an essential link that permits muscarinic receptor to regulate atrial potassium channels.

Action Potentials↗