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Biomedical subjects

T Taguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Taguchi.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Phase I study of a new anticancer agent CAM--results of cooperative study].

CAM is a derivative compound of mycophenolic acid produced by Penicillium brevicompactum, and is a new oral Purine antagonistic anticancer agent. The Phase I study was carried out cooperatively in ten hospitals. The results are as follows: The administration method was single administration and the starting dose was 200 mg/m2 (1n). The dose level was escalated according to varied Fibonacci formula. The number of total cases was thirty-one: three cases at 1n level, four at 2n, six at 3.3n, six at 7n and seven at 9n. Side effects were observed in five of thirteen cases over 7n dose levels, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea. Leukopenia was developed in only one case at 7n dose level. Other side effects such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and disturbances of liver function and renal function were not observed. It was estimated from above results that a dose limiting factor of CAM is nausea and vomiting. A subtoxic dose was 7n (1,400 mg/m2) and a maximum tolerated dose was 9n (1,800 mg/m2) which corresponded to 2,200-3,000 mg as a single administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of stomach cancer].

The current status of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of the gastric cancer was reviewed. The results obtained from the various studies performed in the countries other than Japan have been negative or equivocal mainly because of the characteristics of patients, and additional years for analysis is required. The many problems of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy including regimen, dosage, timing, schedule, intensity and secondary tumor development were discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of a long-acting analgesic, buprenorphine on cancer pain--a single-blind crossover comparison with pentazocine].

The therapeutic value of buprenorphine was investigated in 31 patients suffering from moderate to severe cancer pain by intramuscular administration at the single doses of 0.2 mg and 0.3 mg in comparison with pentazocine 30 mg. Analgesic effect of buprenorphine 0.3 mg was significantly superior to buprenorphine 0.2 mg and pentazocine 30 mg. The duration of analgesia with buprenorphine was 9 hours at 0.2 mg and 11 hours at 0.3 mg, which were markedly longer than pentazocine's 6 hours. Side effects most commonly observed in the three groups were nausea, vertigo, oral dryness, urinary retention, vomiting, sweating, and headache. The frequency of side effects was 54.8% for buprenorphine 0.2 mg, 50.0% for buprenorphine 0.3 mg and 58.3% for pentazocine 30 mg respectively, indicating no significant difference between the three groups. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate did not change appreciably, thereby suggesting a little effect of buprenorphine on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Buprenorphine was found a useful or extremely useful in 58% at 0.2 mg and 87.5% at 0.3 mg. As the result it was concluded that buprenorphine could be valuable as an analgesic for cancer pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[History and significance of sensitivity test of anticancer drugs].

Many anticancer drugs are now available for clinical use. Unfortunately, most are extremely toxic to normal tissue. Use of one or more toxic drugs inactive against the given patient's own cancer may not only deny the patients the benefit of active therapy but may actually make the patient's cancer grow faster. The need for adjuvant chemotherapy can scarcely be doubted. However, distant metastases may be present at the time of primary surgery in many cases. Some form of generalized therapy like drug therapy or immunotherapy must therefore be used to supplement our local form of treatment such as surgery and radiation therapy for cancer. Already the dangers of cancer chemotherapy are reported as adverse effect, not only in the case of advanced cancer patients, but, that of post operative adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, predictive assays analogous to antibiotic sensitivity tests are needed to rule out inactive drugs and select active drugs with least toxicity. The treatment of patients with cancer according to the result of tests of sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs has been introduced many years ago. The examination of the sensitivity is carried out on explanted tumor cells by two different methodical approaches-observation of the cytotoxic effect of the preparation tested to the growth of the tissue culture of the tumor examined, and a short-term examination with the indication of the effect of anticancer drugs according to the decreased utilization or incorporation of the precussors of the synthesis of proteins, RNA and DNA labeled with radioisotopes, or according to the release of enzymes from tumor cells damaged by an efficient anticancer drug. However, clinicians know that there are many disagreements between the sensitivity test and clinical results. Each sensitivity test has its limitation and problems for resolution. Research toward the goal of the sensitivity test is to divise more appropriate method which is simple prompt and precise for drug selection.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Application of nude mouse-human cancer xenograft system for sensitivity test of anticancer drugs].

The usefulness of the nude mouse-human cancer xenograft system for a sensitivity test of chemotherapeutic drugs is evaluated. In our present study, the response of 9 experimental chemotherapies on 7 lines of cancer xenografts in nude mice was directly compared with clinical response in each donor patient, to the same chemotherapy and good correlation was found between these respective results. Experimental studies on chemotherapeutic effects on 14 lines of cancer xenografts (7 gastric, 3 colorectal, 3 breast and 1 pancreatic cancer) using 5 clinically active and 5 new drugs, were also conducted Although every line of xenograft retained different patterns of sensitivity to the various agents, drugs which were clinically effective to a type of tumor were found to be also sensitive against the same type of xenografts in nude mice. Thus the nude-mice human cancer system were is thought to be useful as a predictive secondary screening for new drugs. However, further improvement is necessary to establish this system as a more accurate selection method for anti-cancer drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Phase I study of a new antitumor antibiotic, neothramycin].

Phase I study of a new antitumor antibiotic, neothramycin which belongs to anthramycins was performed by a cooperative study group involving 15 major institutions. A total of 63 cases including 42 various solid tumors and 21 hematologic tumors refractory to standard treatments underwent the study during June 1979 to June 1981. Doses of single injection were escalated from an initial dose of 2 mg/m2 estimated by one twentieth of LD10 in mice up to 60 mg/m2. The most frequent and severest toxicity was nausea and vomiting seen in about the half of patients being administered dosages ranged from 24 mg/m2 to 40 mg/m2, and 3 out of 4 patients received dosages exceeding 50 mg/m2 required clinical managements; moreover, 1 out of 2 patients administered 60 mg/m2 was ranked as grade 4 of the criterion of toxicities in WHO handbook. Other clinical toxicities such as skin rash, hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity observed in the minority of the patients were reversible. Furthermore, hematologic toxicity was extremely mild and appeared not to be dose dependent. One patient with chronic myelogeneous leukemia had a hematological improvement and the other with esophageal cancer had a partial response. The result indicates that a dose limiting factor of neothramycin is nausea and vomiting, and a maximum tolerated dose of a single injection is 60 mg/m2. A dose schedule of 30-40 mg/m2 appears to be an optimal dose for Phase II study.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of anion permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by stilbene derivatives and the identification of an inhibitor-binding protein.

The permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to sulfate ions was inhibited by diisothiocyano-1,2-diphenylethane-2,2'-disulfonic acid (H2DIDS), which is a potent inhibitor of anion permeability in red blood cell membrane. The amount of H2DIDS bound to the vesicles was determined by using [3H]-H2DIDS. Apparent half inhibition of sulfate permeation was observed on the binding of 2.5 mumol/g protein. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on the vesicles treated with [3H]H2DIDS showed that about 10% of the total bound H2DIDS corresponds to a 100 000-dalton protein, but the remaining 90% to non-protein components. The content of the H2DIDS-binding protein was about 0.5 mumol/g protein. These results suggest that the H2DIDS-binding protein is different from the calcium pump protein and is possibly an anion transport system similar to band 3 in red blood cell membrane.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1981

Influence of sex and age on the biological half-life of cadmium in mice.

The influence of age on the whole-body biological half-life of 109Cd was studied in male mice following ip injection. The influence of sex on whole-body and organ retention was ascertained after sc injection. The whole-body biological half-life of 109Cd of the older mice was more than twice that of the younger mice, and that of the female mice was longer than that of the male. In kidneys and salivary glands the biological half-lives of 109Cd of females were also longer than those of males. These differences demonstrate a biological difference between males and females with respect to whole-body half-life of 109Cd. The effects of age and sex on the biological half-life of Cd in mice are assessed quantitatively.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Intrasplenic pseudocyst of the pancreas.

We describe a rare case of pancreatic pseudocyst developing in the spleen as a sequel to chronic pancreatitis in the absence of a recognizable pseudocyst in and around the pancreas. We assume that pancreatic secretions escaped through a tight adhesion between the tail of the pancreas and the splenic hilum.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Significance of pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) in patients with breast, gastric and colorectal cancer.

Pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) levels were measured in human sera by a modification of Laurell's electroimmunoassay using rabbit anti-alpha 2-PAG serum. Sera were obtained from healthy controls (32 males and 46 females), patients with benign breast diseases (55 cases), and patients with breast (82 cases), gastric (89 cases), or colorectal (22 cases) cancers. In healthy controls, the mean alpha 2-PAG value for females was higher than that for males (p less than 0.05), so alpha 2-PAG values for males and females were considered separately in this study. Serum alpha 2-PAG levels in patients with benign breast tumors were almost the same as those of controls. In patients with primary breast and gastric cancer, alpha 2-PAG levels were higher than those of controls (p less than 0.005) and tended to increase with progress of the disease. Raised alpha 2-PAG levels decreased in these patients after curative surgery. These results show that serum alpha 2-PAG is useful as a marker in both the initial diagnosis and follow-up of breast and gastric cancer. The reliability of alpha 2-PAG as a tumor-associated marker was reinforced by comparison of the positive rates of the three parameters alpha 2-PAG, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in patients with breast and gastric cancer.

Adult↗