In a comparative study of infection prophylaxis, patients with acute leukemia receiving remission induction therapy were assigned either no prophylaxis, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, ketoconazole, or the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and ketoconazole. Both sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and ketoconazole substantially reduced the overall incidence of infection consequent to a marked decrease in bacterial infection. However, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were associated with an increased rate of fungal infection, while ketoconazole decreased this complication. No form of prophylaxis reduced infectious mortality or increased the complete remission rate. However, because of its effect in reducing infectious morbidity, we conclude that patients with acute leukemia receiving remission induction treatment should be given antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1984

Treatment of protracted diarrhea of infancy.

Ten patients with protracted diarrhea of infancy received either 8% or 16% of 130 calories/kg/day as amino acids. Patients were treated initially with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and subsequently with an elemental diet. Nitrogen balance was better during TPN in those who received the higher amino acid intake. No differences were noted between groups in weight gain or restoration of muscle mass. Higher levels of serum urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase were noted in patients with the higher amino acid intake; cholestatic liver injury developed in two of these patients. The patients receiving the higher amount of amino acid demonstrated enhanced calciuria during TPN. Other than better nitrogen balance, no clinical benefits and more undesirable side effects were observed in patients receiving 16% amino acid calories.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1984

Sudden infant death with congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease.

Cytomegalic inclusion disease was found in a 5-week-old infant who died unexpectedly. Myocarditis was observed; it was believed to be the cause of this unexpected death.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗

PubMed1984

Sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve function in alcoholic neuropathy.

The peripheral sympathetic vasomotor nerve function was investigated in 18 male chronic alcoholics admitted for intellectual impairment or polyneuropathy. By means of the local 133Xenon washout technique, the sympathetic veno-arteriolar axon-reflex was studied. This normally is responsible for a 50% decrease in tissue blood flow, when the ankle is lowered 40 cm below heart level in the supine individual. The patients with moderate to severe polyneuropathy, taken as a group, did not differ significantly from the group of patients with no or only mild polyneuropathy, although a lesser response was seen (18% and 48% decrease respectively). However, in three patients with moderate neuropathy, and in one patient with no signs of neuropathy, this veno-arteriolar reflex was absent, indicating dysfunction of the peripheral sympathetic adrenergic nerve fibres. The three patients also showed a lesser degree of arteriolar constriction during 45 degrees passive head-up tilt, although none developed symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. Anhidrosis of the feet was found in only three patients. This study lends support to the view that individual differences in the susceptibility to the deleterious effect of alcohol comprise not only the peripheral sensory and motor nerve fibres, but also the thin pseudomotor and vasomotor nerves.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Diesel exposure and mortality among railway workers: results of a pilot study.

A pilot study of the mortality of railway workers was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of studying the association of exposure to diesel exhaust and cause specific mortality. The cohort consisted of 2519 white male subjects aged 45-64 with at least 10 years of railway service by 1967. Subjects were selected on the basis of job classification, and cause specific mortality was ascertained for subjects who died (n = 501) up to 1979. The total follow up period was 28.4 (X 1000) person-years. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for the cohort, based on United States national rates, was 87 (95% confidence limits 80, 95), and there were no significant differences from expected number of deaths for any specific neoplasm. The directly standardised rate ratio for respiratory cancer among diesel exposed subjects relative to unexposed subjects was 1.42 +/- 0.50 (means +/- SE). A proportional hazards model was consistent with the findings of the standardised rate ratio, but in neither analysis was the increased risk of respiratory cancer in diesel exposed subjects statistically significant.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1984

Ceftizoxime in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea.

A total of 74 men and 26 women with uncomplicated gonorrhoea were treated with ceftizoxime sodium 0.5 g intramuscularly. The cure rate was 99% and included successful treatment of four infections due to beta-lactamase producing organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftizoxime in vitro were very much lower than those of penicillin and cefuroxime, and side effects were minimal. We conclude that ceftizoxime is effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in vivo and in vitro.

Cefotaxime↗

PubMed1984

Flame retardants.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Flame Retardants↗

PubMed1984

Re: Radiation absorbed dose from Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗

PubMed1984

A study of cellular immunity in clinically healthy children of parents with leprosy in northern Thailand.

A study was done of the response to PPD-tuberculin, candida and the tuberculin conversion rate after BCG vaccination among 302 healthy children in northern Thailand. The children were grouped according to whether their parent(s) or other household contact(s) had tuberculoid leprosy (74 children), lepromatous leprosy (47 children), or all family members were healthy (181 children). No significant differences were detected in the responses to candida or PPD-tuberculin on initial skin testing or in the history of a previous BCG vaccination in the three groups of children. However, among the children who were initially tuberculin negative, significantly decreased PPD conversion rates occurred in children from lepromatous families in comparison to those from tuberculoid families (p less than 0.01) or normal families (p less than 0.05). In the children from lepromatous families who were initially PPD and candida negative, 0 of 3 developed PPD-tuberculin conversions after BCG in comparison to 12 of 14 (85.7%) from normal families (p = 0.015). These data indicate that some children from lepromatous families were relatively unresponsive to stimulation with BCG and possibly other mycobacterial vaccines. The immunopathogenesis of this relative unresponsiveness should be further defined, since it might have important implications for the prevention of leprosy with a vaccine.

Adolescent↗