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Biomedical subjects

T Singh

Publications and source records attributed to T Singh.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effecting attitudinal change towards rational drug use.

Attitudes of 40 interns towards rational drug use (RDU) were assessed, using a standardized Likert type scale. The assessment was repeated after 4 months to evaluate the effect of usual working conditions of the hospital. After this period, the attitudes had slided towards negative side (p < 0.01). At this point, an intervention in the form of a workshop was provided for half the group while other half served as control. A repeat assessment after another period of 4 months revealed that the attitudes of test group returned towards positive side (p < 0.01) while control group maintained its negative attitudes.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Attitudes of future mothers regarding infant feeding.

Attitudes of 2500 urban college girls from Ludhiana city, aged 15 to 20 years were assessed towards infant feeding using a standardized Likert Scale (r = 0.82). The influence of subject opted in college and the presence of a child less than 3 years in the family on the attitudes was also studied. The overall attitudes of the whole group towards infant feeding were negative. Science students had better attitude scores on most of the themes tested (p < 0.05). The presence of a child aged less than 3 years in the family had no significant influence on the attitudes of girls towards infant feeding. Most of the girls were desirous of studying the concepts of infant feeding in their college curriculum. It is recommended that efforts should be made to incorporate these concepts in the formal educational curriculum so that girls grow up with positive attitude towards infant feeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Rational drug use--evaluation of a training programme for interns.

A workshop covering various aspects of rational drug use was conducted for interns of Christian Medical College, Ludhiana. Evaluation of the workshop revealed that it was able to bring about an attitudinal change regarding rational drug use. The methodology and evaluation procedures have been described. It is suggested that similar attempts should be made at all medical colleges so that every graduate enters medical practice with a positive attitude towards rational drug use.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

99Tcm-dextran: a potential inflammation-seeking radiopharmaceutical.

The aim of this study was to test whether 99Tcm-dextran can be used for imaging inflammation. An in vivo inflammation model was prepared by intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Freund's complete adjuvant to the thigh of five rabbits. Serial imaging of the animals was done with 99Tcm-dextran for 2 weeks following the onset of inflammation. The radiotracer was seen to concentrate selectively in the lesion, with a mean target-to-nontarget ratio of 3.01 (range 2.74-3.15) from day 4 onwards. The area of scintiscan abnormality increased with time and was more marked than the physical appearance of the lesion. In two rabbits, the tracer was also seen to localize at the site of injection of the anaesthesia in the normal thigh. The best time to image was found to be 2-4 h after 99Tcm-dextran administration. It would appear that abnormally increased capillary permeability in the inflamed area results in enhanced uptake of the macromolecule. We conclude that 99Tcm-dextran is a potential inflammation-seeking radiotracer, though it needs to be evaluated further.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Predictive utility of clinical and stool parameters in bacterial diarrhoea in children.

A prospective one year study was conducted on children between the ages of 1 month to 5 years hospitalised in the pediatric ward of Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, with the aim of determining the predictive utility of certain clinical and stool parameters in diagnosing bacterial diarrhoea. Among the 204 children enrolled in the study, fever was observed in 40% in both the culture positive and negative groups. Clinical features such as abdominal distension, vomiting and oliguria although had low positive predictive values, their negative predictive values were high. Among the stool parameters, watery consistency and pus cells > 5 HPF were significantly more often observed in culture positive cases. The presence of mucus and pus cells > 5 HPF had good sensitivity (70-80%) but poor specificity (27-40%), while the reverse was true of blood (sensitivity 23%, specificity 89%). Again the positive predictive values were uniformly low while the negative ones were high. In conclusion the clinical and stool parameters were found to be more useful by their absence than by their presence in excluding a positive stool culture.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1994

Maternal-infant HIV transmission and circumstances of delivery.

OBJECTIVES: Circumstances of delivery among children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were investigated to assess whether they were consistent with predictions that intrapartum factors affect the risk of maternal-infant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. METHODS: Pediatric AIDS patients (maternal-infant transmission; n = 632) reported to the New York City Health Department through 1991 were compared with a series of infants born to predominantly uninfected women. For each case patient, five control subjects were selected and matched from birth certificate files. Hypothesized case-control comparisons for mode of delivery and preselected complications were tested. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, case patients were less likely to have been delivered by cesarean section without complications (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59, 1.01) and more likely to have been delivered with complications, whether delivery was by cesarean section (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.98, 2.43) or vaginal (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.15, 2.39). CONCLUSIONS: Assuming that HIV-infected and uninfected women have comparable circumstances of delivery, conditional on sociomedical characteristics, these results suggest that intrapartum events may be associated with maternal-infant HIV transmission.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Communication skills in clinical practice fad or necessity?

Communication skills of 40 final year medical students were assessed using Objective Structured Clinical Examination. The scores obtained were significantly less than those obtained in clinical skills. There was no significant correlation between the two sets of scores. It is suggested that emphasis should be placed on developing and evaluating communication skills during undergraduate medical curriculum.

Communication↗
PubMed1994

Micrometastasis in bone marrow in breast cancer.

Bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMB) was done in 57 consecutive cases of breast cancer in order to detect micrometastasis. In 46 cases, presenting for the first time, tumor cells were seen in the bone marrow in nine (19.5%) cases. Out of 11 cases who presented with recurrence, micrometastasis was detected in seven (63.6%). Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) could detect only two of these sixteen positive cases. Immuno peroxidase staining or Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) helped picked up three cases which were negative on routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain. BMB is indicated in the evaluation of breast cancer at diagnosis and at relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A selective N-type calcium channel antagonist protects against neuronal loss after global cerebral ischemia.

Calcium influx is believed to play a critical role in the cascade of biochemical events leading to neuronal cell death in a variety of pathological settings, including cerebral ischemia. The synthetic omega-conotoxin peptide SNX-111, which selectively blocks depolarization-induced calcium fluxes through neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, protected the pyramidal neurons in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus from damage caused by transient forebrain ischemia in the rat model of four-vessel occlusion. SNX-111 provided neuroprotection when a single bolus injection was administered intravenously up to 24 hr after the ischemic insult. These results suggest that the window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention after cerebral ischemia may be much longer than previously thought and point to the potential use of omega-conopeptides and their derivatives in the prevention or reduction of neuronal damage resulting from ischemic episodes due to cardiac arrest, head trauma, or stroke. Microdialysis studies showed that SNX-111 was 3 orders of magnitude less potent in blocking potassium-induced glutamate release in the hippocampus than the conopeptide SNX-230, which, in contrast to SNX-111, failed to show any efficacy in the four-vessel occlusion model of ischemia. These results imply that the ability of a conopeptide to block excitatory amino acid release does not correlate with its neuroprotective efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of vipoxin, a complex between a toxic phospholipase A2 and its natural polypeptide inhibitor.

The toxin vipoxin, which is a complex between a basic toxic phospholipase A2 and an acidic non-toxic protein inhibitor, is found in the venom of the Bulgarian viper (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes), the most toxic snake in Europe. The two polypeptide chains each consist of 122 residues and are highly homologous (62%). The vipoxin complex is the first reported example of a high degree of structural homology between an enzyme and its natural inhibitor. The present crystals diffract in the X-ray beam to 1.8 A resolution. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2(1). The cell dimensions are a = 45.80 A, b = 55.36 A and c = 107.69 A. Native data to a resolution of 2.8 A have been recorded.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Deprivation, context, and processing of textual materials.

Levy's (1983) familiarization and proofreading paradigm was used to examine the context-processing relationship during reading of Hindi textual materials. Sixty high- and 60 low-deprived male students in Classes 11 and 12 were asked to proofread error-filled passages of easy and difficult text. Familiarity was manipulated by presenting error-free versions of the passages to some subjects but not to others for a single reading before their actual proofreading. Familiar passages were processed faster than unfamiliar passages irrespective of students' deprivation and passage difficulty. Slow processing was recorded for highly deprived subjects and for easy passages. Faster processing was associated with higher error detection and higher short-term retention scores, whereas the opposite was true for slower processing. Familiarity enhanced short-term retention, suggesting some involvement of conceptually driven process even after familiarization. Findings are discussed in light of interactive processing models of reading.

Adolescent↗