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Biomedical subjects

T Shoji

Publications and source records attributed to T Shoji.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Exercise test to predict postoperative complications in patients with impairment of pulmonary function].

We studied the prediction of postoperative complications in patients whose predicted postoperative FEV1.0% and/or %VC were below fifty. Preoperative exercise tests were performed in 88 cases mainly old patients of age or with impaired pulmonary function; 57 were lobectomies, 10 were bilobectomies and 21 were pneumonectomies. Predicted postoperative FEV1.0% and/or %VC were below fifty in 29 cases consisting of 12 lobectomies, one bilobectomy and 16 pneumonectomies. Among these 29 patients, thirteen suffered postoperative complications (A group) and sixteen did not (B group). All five cases of operative death (death within 30 days after operation) were included in the A group. The prediction of postoperative complications in cases of which pred. postope, FEV1.0% and %VC were fifty or over (C group) was also studied. The results were as follows; (1) The percentage of complications among A and B groups was higher than that among C group but no statistical difference could be found. (2) In the A group, the number of pred. postope. FEV1.0% and/or %VC had little correlation to complications. (3) Statistical differences between A and B group were found in submax VO2 (p < 0.05), VO2/VE at AT (p < 0.001) and VCO2/VE at submaximal exercise (p < 0.001). (4) Cardiac output ratio of maximal exercise to rest had marked correlation to complications (p < 0.001) in C group but had no correlation in the A and B groups. (5) The three items of A and B groups, submax VO2 < 500 ml/min/m2, VO2/VE at AT < 40 ml/l and submax VCO2/VE < 25 ml/l, showed high correlation to operative death (p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Renal osteodystrophy].

One of the differences of bone X-ray findings with long-term hemodialysis patients in 1978 and 1991, is a frequency of subperiosteal bone resorption. High incidence of periosteal bone resorption is found in 1978 but in 1991, it is low. In 1978 we did not administer active vitamin D but in 1991 it has already administered for ten years. Administration of active vitamin D is available for the prevalence of periosteal bone resorption but active vitamin D therapy to suppress the secondary hyperparathyroidism occasionally fails in advanced cases and hypercalcemia is found. Intermittent and pharmacologically high levels of plasma calcitriol are reported to suppress the PTH secretion effectively and recently 22-oxacalcitriol, a new active vitamin D analogue, is found to suppress PTH secretion without increasing plasma calcium. It is thought to be a more suitable therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder↗
PubMed1993

[Circadian blood pressure pattern in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis].

Circadian blood pressure pattern in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis was studied by ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Subjects were 32 patients and were divided into three groups with various renal function; Ccr of 10 patients were normal (Ccr > or = 70 ml/min), 10 patients 30 < or = Ccr < 70 ml/min and the Ccr were below 30 ml/min in the other 12 patients. Blood pressure levels were significantly higher in reduced Ccr groups as compared with normal Ccr cases. The blood pressure gradient between day-time (7:00-19:00) and sleeping time (1:00-5:00) significantly decreased in the patients with renal impairment as compared with normal Ccr cases. And it positively correlated with Ccr (r = 0.51, p < 0.01). These results indicate that the patients with reduced renal function in chronic glomerulonephritis show abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern and nocturnal hypertension, which may require novel modification of antihypertensive treatment.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1993

[Predictability of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine in chronic glomerulonephritis].

We evaluated the formulas of urine-free prediction of creatinine clearance (CCr) for clinical use in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Subjects were 246 patients with CGN diagnosed by renal biopsy with range from normal renal function to end stage renal failure. CCr were measured exactly with urine collections more than 2 times and compared with the values calculated using four urine-free mathematical formulas of Cockcroft et al, Mawer et al, Konishi et al, and Tozune et al. Strong, statistically significant correlations were observed between CCr estimated with each prediction method and measured CCr (r > or = 0.946). However, the latter two formulas tended to overestimate the values. Predicted errors more than 20% of the formula of Cockcroft et al, were the least. And their formula was the easiest for clinical use because of the simplicity for learning by heart. We conclude that these four formulas can be used with reasonable accuracy in the patients with CGN from normal renal function to end stage renal failure, and the formula of Cockcroft et al, is the most recommendable for clinical use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Chemoprophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum through vertical infection. Evaluation of Crede's method using norfloxacin and gentamicin].

Crede's method was evaluated using norfloxacin (NFLX) and gentamicin (GM) to show the clinical significance of chemoprophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum occurring through vertical infections. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. NFLX and GM were separately instilled using Crede's original method in 171 cases selected from all cases of delivery encountered in this hospital during a period of 5 months in 1991. The two groups had similar backgrounds. 2. NFLX and GM were effective in 70 of 71 cases and in 96 of 100 cases, respectively. No side effects were found in either groups. 3. From 4 of 5 ineffective cases were isolated staphylococci, which were sensitive to NFLX and GM.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides with potent inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Compounds with medium relative molecular masses active against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were synthesized. Sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides such as sulfated octadecyl maltohexaoside, sulfated dodecyl laminaripentaoside and sulfated dodecyl laminari-oligomer caused 50% inhibition of virus infection in the EC50 range of 0.4-0.7 microgram/mL in vitro using the MT-4 cell line and HIV-1HTLV-IIIB virus isolate, though sulfated oligosaccharides without alkyl groups showed low anti-HIV activities. This anti-HIV activity was close to the EC50 of 0.43 microgram/mL for a highly active sulfated polysaccharide curdlan sulfate which was reported to inhibit completely the HIV infection at a concentration as low as 3.3 micrograms/mL. These compounds were also active against HIV-2 and a clinically isolated HIV-1 with reduced AZT sensitivity. For such sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides, the mechanism of inhibition of HIV infection was assumed to be the inhibition of HIV binding to the cell and to some extent the interaction of the alkyl portion with the lipid bilayer of the virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Endocrine cells and prognosis in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Using chromogranin (CG) immunohistochemical staining, the prognostic significance of endocrine differentiation was investigated in 212 patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma (including 6 patients with mucosal carcinoma). CG-immunoreactive cells were found to be an integral component of the tumor in 67 of 206 patients (32.5%, excluding mucosal carcinoma). The intracellular localization of CG in the CG-immunoreactive cells in cancer tissue was completely different from that in the normal endocrine cells of the large bowel. In addition, morphologic changes such as nuclear hyperchromasia and pleomorphism also indicated that the CG-immunoreactive cells in the cancer tissue were malignant. The tumors were divided into three groups based on the frequency of CG-immunoreactive cells: Group I (n = 139), negative; Group II (n = 38), less than 1 positive cell/mm2; and Group III (n = 29), more than 1 positive cell/mm2. No correlation was observed between CG-immunoreactivity (CG-IR) and tumor location, grade, depth of invasion, or stage, regardless of lymph node involvement. However, patients with numerous endocrine tumor cells (Group III) had a significantly worse prognosis compared with patients without endocrine cells (Group I) (multivariate Cox's model, P less than 0.01). Similar findings were observed in patients with node-negative tumor (multivariate Cox's model, P less than 0.05). These results indicated that the neuroendocrine differentiation is an independent prognostic factor and that CG-immunohistochemistry is useful for detecting a subgroup with a worse prognosis among patients with colorectal cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

Effect of cisplatin on the activities of enzymes which protect against lipid peroxidation.

Increases in lipid peroxide in kidneys of rats treated with cisplatin were examined in relation to decreases in the activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), Mn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase. The activities of catalase, GSHpx and GST in the kidney and the liver were significantly decreased after cisplatin administration. The decrease of GST activity in the kidney was 87.3%, this was the largest decrease among these enzymes in the tissues examined. Cu,Zn-SOD activity significantly decreased only in the kidney. In contrast, the activities of these enzymes in the heart and the lung, which showed no increase in lipid peroxide in our previous study, were not significantly decreased. Cisplatin does not directly increase lipid peroxidation in vitro; therefore, the increase of lipid peroxide in the kidneys of these rats treated with cisplatin can be attributed to a decrease in the activities of lipid peroxide-protecting enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical staining patterns of tenascin in invasive breast carcinomas.

Eighty-two cases of primary invasive breast carcinoma and adjacent "normal" mammary glands were examined immunohistochemically for tenascin expression and distribution. Formalin-fixed tissues pretreated with actinase were processed by the avidin-biotin complex method using anti-human tenascin monoclonal antibody (RBC1). In normal mammary glands, tenascin was distributed around the ducts and ductules but not around the acini. In carcinomas, a high incidence of tenascin-positive cases (greater than 67%) was seen with various histological appearances, with the exception of lobular carcinoma where a low incidence was found (25%). Although intense staining was seen around cancerous foci when compared with normal mammary glands, tenascin was often expressed at cancer-mesenchymal junctions with dense fibrotic stroma, but not at junctions with active inflammatory change and a loose fibrotic stroma. Tenascin, expression is not an all-or-none marker for mammary malignancy and the staining pattern suggests either a role in stimulating cancer cells or a host defence mechanism accompanied by a desmoplastic response to them.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1992

Surgical laser ablation of a pediatric idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.

A pediatric patient with medically refractory idiopathic ventricular tachycardia was successfully treated by surgical laser ablation. Application of laser on the normothermic beating heart enables continuous electrophysiological assessment. The histopathology of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia and the advantages of laser ablation are presented.

Atrioventricular Node↗
PubMed1992

Telescience testbed: operational support functions for biomedical experiments.

A telescience testbed was conducted to study the methodology of space biomedicine with simulated constraints imposed on space experiments. An experimental subject selected for this testbedding was an elaborate surgery of animals and electrophysiological measurements conducted by an operator onboard. The standing potential in the ampulla of the pigeon's semicircular canal was measured during gravitational and caloric stimulation. A principal investigator, isolated from the operation site, participated in the experiment interactively by telecommunication links. Reliability analysis was applied to the whole layers of experimentation, including design of experimental objectives and operational procedures. Engineering and technological aspects of telescience are discussed in terms of reliability to assure quality of science. Feasibility of robotics was examined for supportive functions to reduce the workload of the onboard operator.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1992

Quantification of antimyosin uptake and infarct size at various stages of myocardial infarction.

We studied with quantitative techniques the clinical efficacy of indium-111 antimyosin at a later stage of myocardial infarction in 18 patients at various stages after infarction. Antimyosin accumulation was detected irrespective of infarct age and size and quantified as an infarct weight with a tomographic technique. Higher intensities in a planar image were observed in anterior Q wave infarct group (36 +/- 5 g) but not in inferior and non-Q wave anterior infarct groups because of the smaller infarct weights (8 +/- 3 g, 13 +/- 6 g, respectively). Infarct area calculated from thallium-201 tomography significantly correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction in both recent (less than 2 weeks) and older (2-week- to 6-month-old) infarct groups (r = -0.969, P less than 0.001; r = -0.860, P less than 0.001, respectively), whereas there was a significant negative correlation between infarct weight and left ventricular ejection fraction in the recent infarct group (r = -0.731, P less than 0.05) but not in the older infarct group. Thus, antimyosin tomography can detect myocardial necrosis with a high sensitivity regardless of infarct age, size, and location. However, the accumulation might be affected by infarct age and correspond to necrotic mass but not necessarily to infarct volume itself at a later stage probably because of the presence of necrosed and scarred tissues in infarcted myocardium.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Telescience testbed for biomedical experiments in space morphological and physiological experiments of rat musculoskeletal system.

As the second telescience testbed experiment we were examined sophisticated processes of biomedical experiment, such as an implantation of a transmitter into the hamster's abdominal cavity, non-stressful blood sampling, large amount of blood collection, muscle extirpation and biopsy from the hamsters on February 6-8, 1990. To make clear the differences between successful results obtained by an experienced hand and by a non-experienced one, three operators were selected for three successive experimental days; an engineer who had never experienced any biological experiment, a non-biology student, who experienced on biological experiments, and a veterinary surgeon. Surgical procedures need much experiences on maneuvering and understanding of theory to shorten the elapse time. Especially for a non-experienced hand, graphic instructions were much helpful to understand and to maneuver the procedures. Continuous recordings of ECG from a operator and PIs were of an advantage to grasp an extent of the mental strain, which was compared with their reports requested after end of each experimental day. The mental strain was not related to degrees of scientific achievement, but showed faithfully difficulty of each experimental procedure. Training effects on PIs in successive experimental days were found in their instructions for the operator to let understand the procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Radiosensitization by 2-nitroimidazole nucleoside analog RP-170: radiosensitizing effects under both intravenous and oral administration.

The radiosensitizing activity, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of RP-170, 2-nitroimidazole nucleoside analog, were investigated and compared with those of etanidazole (SR-2508). An intravenous administration (i.v.) of 100 mg/kg of RP-170 or the same dose of etanidazole showed an equal sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) of about 1.4 to solid EMT6 tumor under in vivo-in vitro assay and a virtually equal SER of 1.4-1.5 to solid SCC VII tumor under tumor growth delay assay. As predicted from the low partition coefficient, lower drug levels in neural tissue and more rapid serum elimination of RP-170 and etanidazole produced lower acute toxicity than lipophilic sensitizers (e.g., misonidazole). The major advantage of RP-170 over etanidazole is that it has a second route of administration. In contrast to etanidazole, in which the administration route is limited to intravenous injection, with RP-170 oral administration also exhibited effective distribution to tumors, sensitizing radiation activity to solid EMT6 and SCC VII tumors. Moreover, LD50 in mice of RP-170 (4.3 g/kg on i.v.) was increased to 5.2 g/kg by oral administration. This availability of two routes of administration indicates RP-170 as a promising hypoxic cell radiosensitizer for clinical use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism of the increase in lipid peroxide induced by cisplatin in the kidneys of rats.

To clarify the mechanism where by cisplatin induces increases in lipid peroxide, we examined the effects of antioxidants on changes in the activity of lipid peroxidation protecting enzymes in the kidneys of rats after cisplatin administration. alpha-Tocopherol and glutathione (GSH) significantly depressed lipid peroxidation in the kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats on the 4th day after cisplatin administration, and GSH depressed the increases in blood urea nitrogen levels induced by cisplatin. Thus, GSH appeared to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. However, alpha-tocopherol and GSH had no effect on the significant decrease in the activity of lipid peroxidation protecting enzymes induced in the kidney after cisplatin treatment. These results showed that lipid peroxide produced by cisplatin had no effect on these enzymes, suggesting that the increases of lipid peroxide were a result of the cisplatin-induced reduction in the activity of these enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Impaired metabolism of high density lipoprotein in uremic patients.

We measured lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL), lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and parameters of calcium metabolism to evaluate the roles of these enzymes and hypertriglyceridemia for impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism in chronic renal failure, and to examine the impact of altered calcium homeostasis on the lipoprotein-regulating enzymes. The subjects were 25 healthy volunteers and 66 uremic patients, 24 treated with hemodialysis (HD) and 42 with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Lipoprotein analysis revealed: (1) reduction in HDL cholesterol especially in HDL2 subfraction; (2) increase in HDL triglyceride; and (3) decreased ratio of HDL2 cholesterol to HDL3 cholesterol in both HD and CAPD patients. Simple regression analysis showed: (1) a positive correlation between VLDL triglyceride and triglyceride/cholesterol ratio of HDL; (2) positive correlations of LPL level in post-heparin plasma to cholesterol concentrations in HDL2, HDL3 and total HDL, and to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II; and (3) inverse correlations of HTGL to HDL2 cholesterol and to the ratio of HDL2 cholesterol/HDL3 cholesterol. Multiple regression analysis of HDL cholesterol indicated positive association with LPL and inverse correlation with VLDL triglyceride. Four variables including LPL, HTGL, LCAT and VLDL triglyceride explained 51.5% of the variation of HDL cholesterol. HDL2 cholesterol was associated positively with LPL and negatively with VLDL triglyceride in the model. HDL3 cholesterol was associated positively with LPL, HTGL and LCAT and inversely with VLDL triglyceride. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that independent predictors of HTGL were gender, parathyroid hormone levels by a mid-portion assay, ionized calcium and age, and that those of LCAT were ionized calcium and age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apolipoproteins↗