Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to T Shinoda.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Abnormal molecular weight profile of urinary protein in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

A quantitative analysis of the molecular weight (MW) profile of urinary protein by SDS-PAGE was performed in streptozotocin (STZ)-injected, non-ketotic diabetic rats (DM group), diabetic rats receiving dipyridamole (DM-DIP group), normal rats (C group) and STZ-injected rats with near-normal glycemia due to insulin treatment (DM-INSULIN group). In the DM group, decrease of a small MW protein (SMWP) (MW 19.5 k) was found at 2.5 weeks, and an increase of larger MW proteins (LMWP) (MW 68 [albumin], 55 and 29 k) together with a decrease of SMWPs (MW 19.5 and 15 k) was found at 15 weeks, as compared to the C group: the MW profile of urinary protein in the DM-INSULIN and C groups was indistinguishable. At 15 weeks, creatinine clearance (Ccr) was significantly depressed and an increase in the mesangial matrix with electron dense deposits was evident in the DM group. The urinary protein abnormalities were partially corrected and the reduction of Ccr was absent in the DM-DIP group with no effect on glomerular morphology. STZ-induced diabetes in rats is accompanied by a reduction of urinary SMWP, and a subsequent increase of LMWP and depression of Ccr: dipyridamole ameliorates urinary protein abnormalities and prevents the reduction of Ccr.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

On the base sequences of the promoters in transcription initiation.

The base sequence of a specific DNA region identified as the promoter is investigated by means of the quantity S(r) corresponding to "superdelocalizability" of oxygen ion of each phosphate for the ten DNA dimer units ([XY/Y'X']2-) and ([XY/Y'X']2- + H+)-complexes. A mechanism is proposed of how RNA polymerase can recognize its transcription site (phosphate), and is applied to the Escherichia coli promoters, lacUV5, recAp, rrnEpl, and rrnEp2. The result explains fairly well the character of the promoters experimentally found.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Exacerbation of latent heart failure by mild hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy in a long-term hemodialysis patient.

A 60-year-old uremic patient treated with hemodialysis for 13 years developed acute hypotension during hemodialysis and overt heart failure subsequently in a period of relatively mild hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy. Blood pressure during hemodialysis was maintained by continuous calcium infusion alone. Cardiomegaly was improved by normalization of serum calcium. The cardiac complication is considered to be exacerbation of the underlying myocardial dysfunction by the acute decline of serum calcium which might be a feature of the 'hungry bone' syndrome. Latent myocardial dysfunction might be exacerbated by only mild hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy in long-term hemodialysis patients.

Heart Failure↗
PubMed1992

Ten-year follow-up of Japanese overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: identification of a diabetes-prone subpopulation.

Ninety-four overweight subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were followed for 10 years. No one from the NGT group developed diabetes, however 32% of the IGT subjects did develop diabetes. Initial data of the IGT subjects who developed diabetes were significantly different from those who did not develop diabetes. Fasting, peak and/or sigma plasma glucose (PG), IRI and CPR at 180 minutes and CPR/IRI at 0 and 180 minutes were increased, and the peak time of PG was delayed; also the prevalence of a positive family history was higher, and the body weight heavier. Seventy-nine percent of IGT subjects with the initial sigma PG of greater than or equal to 40 mM or a positive family history developed diabetes whereas only 3% of those with sigma PG of less than 40 mM and a negative family history developed diabetes. Therefore, it might be considered that among the overweight adults with IGT, those with sigma PG of greater than or equal to 40 mM or a positive family history are diabetes prone and those with sigma PG of less than 40 mM and a negative family history are diabetes resistant.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

On the base sequence of the promoter of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 precursor gene in transcription initiation.

The base sequence of a specific DNA region of the APP gene identified as the promoter was analyzed by means of the quantity Sr corresponding to superdelocalizability of oxygen ion of each phosphate for the ten DNA dimer units (XY/Y' X') and the six [(XY/Y'X')+H+] complexes. The base sequence of the -35 signal was determined to be 5'-CAGCTG-3' (-49 to -44). On the other hand, the base sequence of the -10 signal was found several ones. Therefore, transcription is to initiate at multiple sites. The mechanisum how RNA polymerases can recognize each transcription site, was proposed. The result explains fairly well some characteristics of the promoter of the APP gene experimentally found so far.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1992

Primary hypothyroidism and multiple endocrine failure in association with hemochromatosis in a long-term hemodialysis patient.

A 56-year-old male patient on chronic hemodialysis developed liver cirrhosis. He received a total of 20 liters of blood transfusion. Bronze pigmentation of the skin and iron deposition to the liver, spleen, pancreas and thyroid gland, which was demonstrated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies, and histological demonstration of iron deposition to the thyroid gland, bone marrow and gastric mucosa established a diagnosis of secondary hemochromatosis. Endocrine work-up revealed the presence of diabetes mellitus with minimum insulin secretory response, primary (or thyroprivic) hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. A wide-spread endocrine involvement as seen in this patient is a rare clinical feature of hemochromatosis secondary to massive blood transfusion in hemodialysis patients. Particularly, primary hypothyroidism due to iron deposition to the thyroid gland was quite a rare feature of hemochromatosis.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1991

Electronic structure of DNA by DV-X alpha cluster calculations. I. d(GG).d(CC), d(CG)2, d(GC)2 A and B conformations.

The electronic structure of d(GG).d(CC), d(CG)2, d(GC)2 which are stacked base pairs in the DNA double helix, are elucidated for both A and B conformations in detail by DV-X alpha cluster calculations. These three DNA double helix fragments are constructed from the same bases, G and C, but the electronic structure of the fragments for A and B conformations differs from each other characteristically. In particular, the electronic states of the O2 and O3 in phosphates differ drastically from each other, and might play a crucial role as recognition sites in various reaction processes concerning DNA. These differences are caused by the delicate differences in the admixture of the orbital components and the intra- and inter-bases interactions. Contour maps of the wavefunction of the HOMO and LUMO are compared among the stacking isomers.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of propranolol on myocardial performance during acute normovolemic hemodilution.

The effects of propranolol and hemodilution on myocardial performance and oxygen delivery were evaluated in 36 anesthetized rats. Oral propranolol treatment consisted of 64 mg/kg/d for 6 weeks prior to the experiments, whereas intravenous (IV) propranolol treatment consisted of 5 micrograms/kg/min for 60 minutes after hemodilution. The hematocrit was reduced to 20% by a hetastarch-for-blood exchange. Animals were divided into six equal groups as follows: (1) no oral drug (water), no hemodilution, no IV drug (saline); (2) oral water, hemodilution, IV saline; (3) oral water, no hemodilution, IV propranolol; (4) oral water, hemodilution, IV propranolol; (5) oral propranolol, no hemodilution, IV saline; and (6) oral propranolol, hemodilution, IV saline. Left ventricular (LV) pressure, maximal dP/dt, ascending aortic blood flow, and response to preload (peak cardiac and stroke volume indices) and afterload (LV-developed pressure) stress were measured. In group 2, hemodilution significantly increased cardiac index, stroke volume index, and dP/dt, and decreased blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and oxygen delivery compared with group 1. Compared with group 2, IV propranolol after hemodilution in group 4 significantly decreased cardiac index, dP/dt, LV-developed pressure, and peak cardiac index, and increased peripheral resistance. Stroke volume index and peak stroke volume index after preload stress remained elevated in group 4, despite the negative inotropic effects of IV propranolol. Oral propranolol in group 6 did not prevent the hemodilution-induced increase in stroke volume index and peak stroke volume index in response to preload stress, although it did decrease cardiac index and dP/dt compared with group 2. Oxygen delivery was reduced in the hemodiluted animals in proportion to the decrease in hemoglobin, regardless of propranolol treatment. It is concluded that reduced myocardial contractility and cardiac performance by nonselective pharmacological beta-adrenoceptor blockade does not interfere with the compensatory increase in stroke volume index after hemodilution.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Enhancing effect of ethanol or saké on methylazoxymethanol acetate-initiated large bowel carcinogenesis in ACI/N rats.

Effects of ethanol or saké on intestinal carcinogenesis by methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate were examined in two experiments. In the first experiment, 39 male ACI/N rats were given two weekly intraperitoneal injections of MAM acetate (25 mg/kg body wt) and divided into two groups, with Group 1 being given 10% ethanol and Group 2 being given distilled water. The incidence of colonic cancer in Group 1 (15/17, 88%) was higher than in Group 2 (9/16, 56%, p = 0.040). Differences in the incidences of rectosigmoidal colonic neoplasms were even more marked (59% vs. 19%, p = 0.019) and their proportion of the total number of large intestinal neoplasms was greater in Group 1 (36%) than in Group 2 (15%, p = 0.046). In the second experiment, 97 female ACI/N rats were divided into 6 groups, with the animals of Groups 1-5 being given MAM acetate (2 times, 25 mg/kg body wt). Rats in Group 6 received saline. The rats received isocaloric drinks: Group 1, saké; Group 2, 50% saké; Groups 3 and 6, 15% ethanol; Group 4, 7.5% ethanol; and Group 5, nonalcoholic water. Incidences of rectosigmoidal colonic neoplasms in Groups 1, 2, and 3 (53%, 46%, and 50%) tended to be higher than in Group 5 (38%). Their proportions of the total number of large intestinal neoplasms in Groups 1 (68%) and 2 (67%) were slightly greater than in Group 5 (45%). The results suggest an enhancing effect of ethanol or saké on rectosigmoidal colonic carcinogenesis.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of serological and chemical characteristics of capsular polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans serotype A and Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus.

The antigenic formula and chemical structure of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus (C. albidus) were studied in relation to those of C. neoformans var. neoformans serotype A (C. neoformans A). The results of slide agglutination tests with factor sera and reciprocal adsorption experiments showed that antigenic formula of C. albidus was the same as that of C. neoformans A. The soluble CPSs from the two species were obtained from culture supernatants by precipitation with ethanol followed by purification by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column. The structural analyses of such CPSs from the two species showed that the antigenic CPS fractions consisted of a backbone of alpha(1-3)-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues with a single branch of beta(1-2)-xylose or glucuronic acid, and mostly with O-acetyl groups, in which side chains and O-acetyl groups were responsible for antigenic specificity. It was found that there was a minor difference between the CPS of C. neoformans A and that of C. albidus; in the former, unsubstituted mannose residues existed in a low frequency, but in the latter none. Moreover, the 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of partially hydrolyzed acidic fragments of the two CPSs indicated that two xylose side chains were present between glucuronic acid side chains. Taken together, it was suggested that these two species of C. neoformans A and C. albidus are closely related to each other in their CPSs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of a new method for identification of Cryptococcus neoformans which uses serologic tests aided by selected biological tests.

A new method for identifying Cryptococcus neoformans isolates and their serotypes by the slide agglutination test using five kinds of factor sera, with the aid of nitrate reduction, phenol oxidase, and growth at 37 degrees C tests was evaluated by using 36 reference strains and 75 clinical isolates of C. neoformans. The results showed that the reference strains were identified exactly as they were labeled, and clinical isolates were identified as C. neoformans serotypes A, D, and AD. C. neoformans could be distinguished from other Cryptococcus species that cross-reacted with factor sera by their ability to grow at 37 degrees C. These results indicate that the slide agglutination test combined the use of factor sera for isolates which grow at 37 degrees C is a useful method for identification of C. neoformans and their serotypes and that the nitrate reduction test (negative in 100% of the isolates) and the phenol oxidase test (positive in approximately 95% of the isolates) can be used to confirm that the species is C. neoformans.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

Circulatory effects of verapamil during normovolemic hemodilution in anesthetized rats.

Patients who have undergone perioperative normovolemic hemodilution may require calcium channel blockers for the treatment of myocardial ischemia and/or supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The purpose of this rodent study was to examine the effect of intravenous verapamil on the hyperdynamic circulatory response to acute normovolemic hemodilution (hematocrit 20%). Anesthetized animals were randomly divided into four groups equal in number: (1) controls (no hemodilution, no drug); (2) hemodilution only; (3) verapamil only; and (4) hemodilution followed by verapamil. Cardiac output was recorded using an electromagnetic flow probe. Pre- and afterload tests were performed, the former consisting of rapid infusion of blood adjusted for hematocrit, the latter consisting of an aortic clamp technique. Animals in group 2 had significantly (P less than 0.05) greater percent increases in cardiac index, stroke volume index, and dP/dt, and greater percent decreases in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and oxygen delivery than did control animals (group 1). Infusion of verapamil after hemodilution (group 4) did not interfere with the compensatory increases in cardiac index and stroke volume index seen in group 2, nor did it reduce the peak stroke volume index in response to preload stress, although it did reduce resting dP/dt, mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, and peak cardiac index and "left ventricular developed pressure" after preload and afterload stress, respectively. We conclude that reduced ventricular function after verapamil administration does not interfere with the compensatory increase in stroke volume index after normovolemic hemodilution.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Stimulation of erythrophagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages by chondroitin sulfates: correlation with effect of phorbol esters.

Resident macrophages which were harvested from the mouse peritoneal cavity showed the attachment activity to opsonized erythrocytes (OE) without the treatment of chondroitin sulfates (CSA) or phorbol esters. Phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or phorbol 12,13-diacetate) rapidly activated an opsonin-dependent erythrophagocytosis in resident macrophages, whereas CSA slowly activated it in vivo and in vitro. An additive effect of phorbol esters was observed in macrophages which were cultured with CSA in vitro or stimulated by the intraperitoneal injection of CSA for 1 or 2 day(s). In the case of macrophages stimulated by the intraperitoneal injection of CSA for 3 or 4 days the erythrophagocytic activity was at very high level and the additive effect of phorbol esters vanished. These results indicate that CSA plays a role in the induction of opsonin-dependent ingestion activity of resident macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Successful treatment of "steroid-immunosuppressant resistant" polymyositis with immunoadsorption].

We report a case of "steroid and immunosuppressant-resistant" polymyositis that was successfully treated with immunoadsorption. A 46-year-old man was admitted to Shinshu University Hospital on June 2, 1989, with the chief complaint of muscle weakness and pain. He had a 1.5-year history of frequent episodes of Raynaud's phenomenon. Five months before presentation, he noticed muscle weakness and pain in the proximal muscles of his extremities. One month after the onset of these symptoms, his body temperature increased to 38 degrees C and remained elevated until the following month. He subsequently entered a local hospital. He was found to have diminished strength in all limbs that was more marked in the proximal areas. The muscle weakness and pain progressed until the patient was no longer able to walk. Muscle biopsy of the left quadriceps femoris showed mononuclear cell infiltration in the endomyosium that was accompanied by phagocytosis and interstitial fibrosis. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of polymyositis was made. During hospitalization, the weakness continued to worsen despite pulse therapy with methylprednisolone 1000 mg per day for 3 days and the administration of prednisolone 100 mg and azathioprine 100 mg per day. The patient was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment. On physical examination, he demonstrated hair loss, soft palate aphthae, tonsillar injection, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Neurological examination revealed generalized weakness; the patient was barely able to move all of his limbs. All of the muscles in his extremities were swollen and hard, and he felt pain when they were grasped. Deep tendon reflexes were diffusely hypoactive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1991

On the base sequences of the promoters in transcription initiation.

The base sequence of a specific DNA region identified as the promoter is investigated by means of the quantity Sr corresponding to "superdelocalizability" of oxygen ion of each phosphate for the ten DNA dimer units (XY/Y'X') and the six [(XY/Y'X') + H+] complexes. A mechanisum that the RNA polymerase can recognize its transcription site (phosphate), is proposed and applied to Escherichia coli promoters, lacUV5, recAp, rrnEp1, rrnEp2 (experimental facts).

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Ipsilateral synchronous renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature].

A case of ipsilateral transitional cell carcinoma of left renal pelvis and left-renal cell carcinoma is presented. A 75-year-old male consulted our hospital with the complaint of painless gross-hematuria which had persisted for four years. Excretory urography revealed left non-visualized kidney. Retrograde pyelography demonstrated the filling defect, which had an irregular border, in the left renal pelvis. The selective left renal arteriography revealed the hypervascular region in the left renal cortex. Intraarterial chemotherapy with CDDP, MTX and ADR was performed preoperatively. Then, total left nephroureterectomy and segmental resection of the bladder was done. The surgical specimen was pathologically diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and renal cell carcinoma of the left kidney. This case is the 23rd reported case of ipsilateral synchronous renal malignancy in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Antibodies against defined carbohydrate structures of Candida albicans protect H9 cells against infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 in vitro.

In this study we raised antibodies against Candida albicans mannans of serotype A and B which comprise mannose alpha(1----2)-and mannose alpha(1----3)-linked residues. These antibodies inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type IIIB (HIV-IIIB) infection of H9 cells in vitro; 5 micrograms/ml of antibodies against mannan from serotype A and 10 micrograms/ml of antibodies against serotype B mannan were sufficient to inhibit infection by almost 100 and 85%, respectively, after an incubation period of 4 days. During a prolonged incubation period (8-12 days), the amount of HIV particles (as measured by reverse transcriptase activity in the culture medium) increased again in assays with antibodies raised against serotype B, but only little in assays containing antibodies against serotype A. Applying the Western blotting technique and a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system it was established that the antibodies reacted with the gp120 of HIV-1 exclusively. Immunofluorescence inspection using a confocal laser scanning microscope revealed that the gp120 protein is exposed on the outer surface of H9 cells where it is recognized by the anti-mannan antibodies. These results indicate that mannan residues of C. albicans can serve as antigens to raise neutralizing antibodies against HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗