Biomedical subjects

T Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to T Shinoda.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Identification of medically relevant Trichosporon species based on sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and construction of a database for Trichosporon identification.

The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions in the rRNA gene were determined by directly sequencing PCR-amplified fragments for all of the species (17 species and five varieties) in the genus Trichosporon. Comparative sequence analysis suggests that six medically relevant species, T. asahii, T. asteroides, T. cutaneum, T. inkin, T. mucoides, and T. ovoides, can be readily identified by their ITS sequences. In addition, the sequence analysis showed that conspecific strains have fewer than 1% nucleotide differences in the ITS 1 and 2 regions overall. Molecular phylogenetic trees are also presented.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1999

Rapid identification of Debaryomyces hansenii/Candida famata by polymerase chain reaction.

Primers designed in this study were used in a polymerase chain reaction test to amplify a species-specific fragment of approximately 340 bp of the large subunit ribosomal DNA of Debaryomyces hansenii/Candida famata. None of the other medically relevant yeasts including C. guilliermondii, and also the related species, D. nepalensis and C. saitoana, were amplified by this primer pair.

Candida↗

PubMed1999

[Lung cancer with small intestine metastasis characterized by exceptionally high levels of serum CA 19-9].

A 59-year-old man was given a diagnosis of lung cancer (moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma) with left adrenal gland and bone metastases in January 1997, and received chemotherapy and irradiation therapy. In late May, anemia and occult blood were detected, with a marked increase in serum CA 19-9. In August, the patient was admitted to our department complaining of melena. His serum CA 19-9 level on admission was significantly elevated (18,960 U/ml). After admission, symptoms of ileus developed. Radiographs of the small intestine and abdominal computed tomographic scans suggested the presence of a tumor in the small intestine. Therefore, surgery was performed, revealing a tumor in the jejunum, which was histologically diagnosed as metastasis of lung cancer to the small intestine. Immunohistochemical staining for CA 19-9 was more intense in specimens from the small intestine tumor than from lung cancer specimens. Serum CA 19-9 decreased significantly after resection. The clinical course and results of CA 19-9 staining suggested that CA 19-9 production by the metastatic lesion in the small intestine was the major cause of the patient's high serum CA 19-9 level. This appears to be a rare case because, to our knowledge, there are no previous reports in the Japanese literature on patients with small intestine metastasis from lung cancer showing an exceptionally high level of serum CA 19-9.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1998

Two hexameric cyanoprotein subunits from an insect, Riptortus clavatus. Sequence, phylogeny and developmental and juvenile hormone regulation.

Hemolymph of a hemipteran insect, Riptortus clavatus, contains four distinct hexameric proteins (cyanoproteins) composed of two distinct subunits, CP alpha and CP beta, which show profiles of abundance depending on developmental stage, diapause status controlled by juvenile hormone, and sex. We have isolated cDNA clones encoding the two subunits and determined the complete sequences. The nucleotide sequences predict polypeptides of 693 and 691 residues for CP alpha and CP beta, respectively, including identical 16-residue signal peptides. The deduced amino acid sequences of both CP alpha and CP beta have significant similarity to other hemocyanin-related proteins, indicating that the cyanoproteins represent hexamerins. Phylogenetic analyses show that the cyanoprotein subunits can be grouped together with other hexamerins from exopterygote insects. Developmental Northern-blot analyses suggest that the expression of the cyanoproteins is regulated at the level of transcript abundance. In addition, the expression of the CP alpha subunit in female adults has been shown to be enhanced by juvenile hormone (JH) while the expression of the CP beta subunit is suppressed by the same hormone. To our knowledge, the CP alpha subunit of R. clavatus is the first case of a JH-enhanceable hexamerin whose sequence has been determined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Juvenile hormone prevents ecdysteroid-induced expression of broad complex RNAs in the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.

A cDNA homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster Broad Complex (BRC) gene was isolated from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, which shows a predicted 88% amino acid identity with Drosophila BRC in the N-terminal BTB domain. Three zinc finger domains encoding homologs of the Drosophila Z2, Z3, and Z4 domains (93, 100, and 85% identity, respectively) were obtained by RT-PCR. In Manduca dorsal abdominal epidermis, BRC RNAs were not observed during the larval molt. Three BRC transcripts-6.0, 7.0, and 9.0 kb-first appeared at the end of the feeding stage of the fifth (final) instar when the epidermis is exposed to ecdysteroids in the absence of juvenile hormone (JH) and becomes committed to pupal differentiation. These RNAs were induced in day 2 fifth larval epidermis in vitro by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in the absence of JH with dose-response and time courses similar to the induction of pupal commitment. This induction by 20E in vitro was prevented by the presence of JH I at levels seen in vivo during the larval molt. In the wing discs, the BRC RNAs appeared shortly after ecdysis to the fifth instar and coincided with the onset of metamorphic competence of these discs. Application of a JH analogue pyriproxifen during the fourth instar molt delayed and reduced the levels of BRC mRNAs seen in the wing discs in the early fifth instar, but did not completely prevent their appearance in this tissue that first differentiates at metamorphosis. The expression of the BRC transcription factors thus appears to be one of the first molecular indications of the genetic reprogramming of the epidermis necessary for insect metamorphosis. How JH prevents BRC expression in this epidermis may provide the key to understanding how this hormone controls metamorphosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Regulation of the transcription factor E75 by 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone in the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, during larval molting and metamorphosis.

The homolog of the ecdysteroid-induced transcription factor E75A in Drosophila melanogaster was cloned from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and its developmental expression and hormonal regulation were analyzed. Both E75A and E75B mRNAs were found in the abdominal epidermis during both the larval and the pupal molts, with E75A appearing before E75B, coincident with the rise of ecdysteroid. Exposure of either fourth or fifth instar epidermis to 20E in vitro caused the rapid, transient induction of E75A RNA with a peak at 6 and 3 h, respectively, followed by maintenance at low levels until 24 h. Epidermis from fourth instar larvae with high endogenous juvenile hormone (JH) showed a 10-fold higher sensitivity to 20E (EC50 = 2 x 10(-8) M for fourth instar and 2 x 10(-7) M for fifth instar epidermis). The presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin had no effect on the induction but prevented the decline, indicating that E75A RNA was directly induced by 20E, but its down-regulation depended on protein synthesis. Exposure of day 2 fifth instar epidermis to 20E in the presence of JH I, which prevents the 20E-induced pupal commitment, caused an increased accumulation of E75A RNA throughout the culture period although the temporal pattern was unaffected. These findings show for the first time that JH plays a role in 20E-induced early gene expression and suggest that the higher levels of E75A may be required for maintenance of larval commitment of this epidermis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Identification and cDNA cloning of novel juvenile hormone responsive genes from fat body of the bean bug, Riptortus clavatus by mRNA differential display.

Juvenile hormone (JH) induces termination of diapause and initiation of reproductive maturation in the adult female bean bug, Riportus clavatus. Applying PCR-based differential display, we have identified four novel JH-responsive cDNAS, that is, three repressible (JR-1, 2 and 3) and one inducible (JI-1). These DNA fragments were partially sequenced and compared with sequences in the data base. JR-3 was shown to have similarity to the transferrins of other insects, which have been reported as JH-suppressed genes. JI-1 has similarity to vitellogenin of Aedes aegypti. On the other hand, JR-1-1 and 2 have no significant similarity to other known sequences. For JR-1, the full cDNA sequence was determined: it contained 913 bp, encoding 194 amino acid residues with a calculated M.W. of 21,531 Da in the mature protein. A total of six JH-responsive genes or cDNAs (four suppressible and two inducible or stimulated), including the already isolated JH-responsive cyanoprotein genes (CP-alpha and beta), have been isolated and are available for further comparative analysis of gene structure and regulatory mechanisms in the same tissue under the same hormonal conditions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

In vivo fate of folate-BSA in non-tumor- and tumor-bearing mice.

KB tumor cells exhibit an increased number of folate receptors on their membrane. This receptor has been proposed as a promising target for tumor drug targeting. Therefore, the disposition of folate-conjugated bovine serum albumin (folate-BSA) was examined as a model system for drug targeting. Nude mice which had received KB tumor cell transplants were given bolus intravenous administration of either 111In-labeled folate-BSA (111In-folate-BSA; 1 mg/kg) or unmodified 111In-BSA (111In-BSA; 1 mg/kg). The disposition characteristics and pharmacokinetics of 111In-folate-BSA were compared with those of the 111In-BSA as a control. The half-life of the beta-phase of 111ln-folate-BSA in plasma was 140 min. The tumor uptake rate index for 111In-folate-BSA was 0.46 microL/min/g, and that for 111In-BSA was 0.32 microL/min/g. This index of 111In-folate-BSA was slightly higher than that of 111In-BSA in vivo, by a factor of 1.4. In vivo experiments showed folate-BSA has a relatively long plasma duration. 111In-folate-BSA also showed selective distribution to tumors, but not as great as recent results from in vitro experiments. Therefore, the low vascular permeability of BSA into solid tumor tissue and inhibition of folate-mediated 111In-folate-BSA uptake by tumor cells from the blood may be the rate-limiting factor of distribution.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Plasma concentration of cytokine antagonists in patients with infection following liver resection.

BACKGROUND: The interactions between endogenous cytokine antagonists, surgical injury and perioperative infection are poorly understood. METHODS: Perioperative plasma concentrations of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor p55 (STNFR p55), interleukin (IL) 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and IL-6 were measured by immunoassay in 29 consecutive patients undergoing liver resection. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of STNFR p55, IL-1ra and IL-6 showed a striking increase immediately after operation (day 0) and on postoperative day 1. STNFR p55 concentrations correlated significantly with operating time (P< 0.05); IL-1ra levels with operating time, blood loss and weight of resected liver (P < 0.05); and IL-6 concentrations with operating time and blood loss (P< 0.05). Eight of the 29 subjects developed postoperative infections, of whom four had positive cultures of enteric organisms. Plasma STNFR p55 and IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in the infected group than in the uninfected group (P < 0.05). STNFR p55 and IL-6 concentrations on day 0 differentiated between the two groups with a diagnostic accuracy of 79 and 83 per cent respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that STNFR p55, IL-1ra and IL-6 are produced during operation in response to surgical stress. This production of STNFR p55 and IL-6 may be enhanced further by intraoperative bacterial translocation. Measurement of plasma STNFR and IL-6 concentrations may predict the development of postoperative infectious complications.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Controlled trial of falecalcitriol versus alfacalcidol in suppression of parathyroid hormone in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Active vitamin D3 is extensively used for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. But it is often impossible to administer enough dose to suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, because of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. New modalities with higher specificity for PTH suppression are desirable. We conducted a crossover comparative study of falecalcitriol, an active vitamin D3 analog, and alfacalcidol (1alpha[OH]D3). In this study, 25 hemodialysis patients with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism who had normal serum calcium levels were enrolled. They received daily oral doses of alfacalcidol during an 8-week observation period. Based on serum calcium levels and intact PTH, the subjects were allocated into two groups, and a comparative study was conducted using unmasked crossover design of two drugs x two periods. The dosage of both drugs was adjusted to maintain the initial serum calcium levels, and the relative change (%change) of serum biochemical parameters were compared. Comparison of two drugs in period 1 was taken as primary efficacy evaluation. Reproducibility of drug action was confirmed by comparing the effect of falecalcitriol between period 1 and 2. The percent change of PTH of falecalcitriol was lower than that of alfacalcidol: Those were, respectively, -7.89% and +30.42% for c-terminal PTH (P = 0.022), -4.39% and +38.88% for i-PTH (P = 0.077), and +3.68% and +30.52% for midregion PTH (P = 0.099). The similar changes were observed in the falecalcitriol group during period 2, confirming the reproducibility. Falecalcitriol was found to be superior to alfacalcidol in suppression of PTH levels in patients with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism when it is administered in equivalent doses that might maintain similar serum calcium levels.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

First report of Trichosporon ovoides isolated from the home of a summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis patient.

Trichosporon species have been known to cause summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SHP). During the isolation of yeasts from an SHP patient's house, we recovered a strain belonging to the genus Trichosporon. Morphologically, the isolate produced rectangular arthroconidia when grown on corn meal agar. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments identified the isolate as T. ovoides. A slide agglutination test using specific factor sera demonstrated that the serotype of the strain was type II. Previously, T. asahii, a serotype II species, was considered to be the major antigen of SHP, but it is possible that T. ovoides may also be responsible for SHP. This is the first report of T. ovoides isolated from an SHP patient's home environment.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Successful plasmapheresis in the not-so-benign Bickerstaff's brain stem encephalitis associated with anti-GQ1b antibody.

A patient with Bickerstaff's brain stem encephalitis (BBE) associated with anti-GQ1b antibody developed coma, severe weakness, and respiratory distress. The patient required ventilatory support. After having failed to improve on steroids, she was treated with plasmapheresis. She improved concomitantly with the plasmapheresis treatment and made a complete recovery. BBE associated with anti-GQ1b antibody is generally considered to be benign, and specific treatments have not been established. The results with this patient suggest that the condition is not always benign, and plasmapheresis may be beneficial in this disorder.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Autologous blood donation preceding coronary artery bypass graft operation in a hemodialysis patient.

A 67-year-old male hemodialysis patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm and triple vessel coronary heart disease required autologous blood donation because of his blood type of Rh(-) before cardiovascular surgery. We performed autologous red blood cell and plasma collection by the switch back method with recombinant human erythropoietin therapy during the 5 weeks before the operation. Autologous platelet collection was also made the day before the operation. These autologous blood donations were safely and successfully performed along with hemodialysis. There was some caution taken for these procedures. The ultrafiltration rate had to be adjusted for blood collection or blood transfusion during hemodialysis in order not to disturb fluid balance. It was necessary to monitor the hyperkalemia of the stored autologous packed red blood cells. For platelet collection, blood in the extracorporeal circuit had to be concentrated because of the presence of renal anemia. Coronary artery bypass graft was safely and successfully performed with the autologous blood only.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Rapid detection of species of the opportunistic yeast Trichosporon by PCR.

Trichosporon species are opportunistic pathogens, associated with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify a 170-bp fragment of small-subunit ribosomal DNA of all species in the genus Trichosporon by PCR. The primers amplify DNAs of all species in the genus Trichosporon, including six causative agents of trichosporonosis. DNAs of other medically important yeasts, such as Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, are not amplified by this detection system.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1998

Identification of Trichosporon asahii by PCR based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions.

Trichosporon asahii is a major causative agent of deep-seated trichosporonosis, which has a high mortality rate. To detect T. asahii, we have developed specific oligonucleotide primers based on the internal transcribed spacer regions of this organism's genome. Amplification products were selectively obtained from only T. asahii DNA; the DNAs of other Trichosporon species, as well as those of medically relevant yeasts such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Malassezia furfur, were not amplified. This detection system will be useful as a microbiological tool for the diagnosis of trichosporonosis.

DNA Primers↗

PubMed1998

V-domain deposition of lambda Bence Jones protein in the renal tubular epithelial cells in a patient with the adult Fanconi syndrome with myeloma.

An extracted Bence Jones lambda protein from a Japanese patient with myeloma-associated Fanconi syndrome was found to contain 5 components, including the dimer and the monomer of the entire light-chain, the dimer and the monomer of the constant domain, and monomer of the variable domain. The entire amino acid sequence of this lambda chain was completed. The protein, containing 5 components, was injected intraperitoneally in C3H mice, 20 mg for 13 days and 200 mg for 3 days. Both groups of C3H mice showed a renal proximal tubular deposition of variable domain fragment of the Bence Jones protein by immunoperoxidase staining. Other control Bence Jones proteins of the lambda type and serum albumin were negative in terms of deposition in the epithelial tubular cells. It is also shown that the proximal tubules of the biopsied kidney from the patient had a deposition of variable domain fragment of Bence Jones protein. Thus, the myeloma-associated Fanconi syndrome could be included in the spectrum of light-chain associated disease or monoclonal Ig deposition disease. This is the first case of lambda type Bence Jones protein with a complete amino acid sequence analysis found in Fanconi syndrome with myeloma, demonstrating the deposition of the variable domain in the proximal tubules of the kidney.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1997

Regulation of NFKB1 proteins by the candidate oncoprotein BCL-3: generation of NF-kappaB homodimers from the cytoplasmic pool of p50-p105 and nuclear translocation.

The candidate oncoprotein BCL-3 has been shown to function as a transcriptional co-activator for homodimers of NF-kappaB p50 and p50B. We expressed BCL-3 ectopically in pro-B cell lines and found that these cells exhibited a dramatic increase in nuclear kappaB motif binding activity of p50 homodimers containing BCL-3 in the complex. Co-transfection and in vitro reconstitution experiments revealed that the complex of p50 with its precursor p105 (p50-p105), which was shown to accumulate in the cytoplasm of the pro-B cell lines, is required for induction of DNA binding of p50 homodimers by BCL-3. However, we could see no in vivo or in vitro evidence of a BCL-3-induced increase in proteolytic processing. Instead, BCL-3-mediated reorganization of NFKB1 subunits was demonstrated in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining clearly demonstrated that the transition from cytoplasmic p50-p105 to nuclear p50 homodimers was induced by BCL-3 expression. Thus BCL-3 has versatile functions: cytoplasmic activation of p50 homodimers, their nuclear translocation and, as previously shown, modulation of the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma with widespread metastases to liver and bones in a kidney transplant recipient.

A case of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma with widespread metastases to liver and bones in a cadaver renal transplant recipient is reported in this article. The patient underwent a kidney transplant at the age of 43 and was treated with various immunosuppressive agents after surgery. Twelve months after the transplantation, multiple tumors were found in the liver, and the patient died 8 months later. Pathological examination at autopsy revealed renal cell carcinoma with a sarcomatoid component in the right native kidney and metastases to liver and bones. It is unusual for renal cell carcinoma to undergo sarcomatous transformation and to metastasize to the liver before reaching other organs. We speculate that immunosuppressants may have altered malignant cell proliferation, invasion, and the form of metastasis in this case.

Adult↗