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Biomedical subjects

T Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to T Shinoda.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Determination of cellular fatty acid compositions of various yeasts by gas-liquid chromatography.

The cellular fatty acid composition of 51 cultures of various species of yeasts was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Analysis was done with a fused-silica gas-liquid chromatography capillary column, with resolution of all components including mono-, di-, and tri-unsaturated 18-carbon acids. The cultures were placed into one of four distinct gas-liquid chromatography groups on the basis of large quantitative differences in fatty acids. Group I contained only Saccharomyces species and group II only Torulopsis glabrata. Most Candida species were placed into group III, and group IV contained only basidiomycetous yeasts.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1982

Gelatin-reactive protein in human serum--bioassay, characterization and clinical significance.

We investigated the adherence of gelatinized lipid emulsion (GLE) to tissues and cells, the reaction system of this phenomenon and the clinical significance of the adherence-promoting factor (APF) in human serum. In the presence of fresh human serum, GLE adhered to all tested tissues and blood cells. APF was shown to be macromolecular alpha 2-globulin; it formed flocculent precipitate with gelatin, and adsorbed to gelatin-Sepharose. Therefore, we termed APF gelatin-reactive protein (GRP) although it may be identical or closely related to plasma fibronectin. We also noted a significant decrease in GRP activity in patients with systemic disorders including cancer, liver cirrhosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus when their sera were assayed by the GLE-rat liver system.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Complete amino acid sequence of the Fc region of a human delta chain.

The complete amino acid sequence of an Fc-like fragment designated Fc delta (t) and obtained by limited proteolysis with trypsin of an intact myeloma IgD protein (NIG-65) has been determined. The fragment contains 226 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 32,000 per monomeric unit. It has three glucosamine oligosaccharides at asparagine residues 68, 159, and 210. Of these, glucosamine-159 is characteristic of the delta chain and has no counterpart position in any of the other classes. On the other hand, glucosamine-68 is shared by gamma, mu, and epsilon, and glucosamine-210 is shared by alpha and mu. Although the Fc delta (t) has the common framework structure of immunoglobulins, its sequence has many individual characteristics when its two domains are compared separately with the counterpart domain of other heavy chains. Such comparison has shown that the two Fc domains of the delta chain should be placed in an independent branch in topology; for all the other classes, the Fc domains are paired well with their counterparts. The comparison has also shown that there are three prominent gaps by which each domain can be divided into two homologous halves. For each class of immunoglobulin, a moderate degree of internal homology exists between the first half and the second half of each domain of the Fc, suggesting that the primordial gene may have coded for a unit about the size of a half domain. Based on this observation together with sequence comparisons, a possible genetic mechanism is proposed for the origin and evolution of the genes for immunoglobulin domains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Comparative studies on the structure of the light chains of human immunoglobulins. III. Amino acid sequence of a lambda type Bence Jones euglobulin.

Amino acid sequence analysis has been done on a euglobulin-like lambda Bence Jones protein NIG-58 with the major objective of determining the sequence of the variable region. Twenty-seven tryptic peptides with 4 overlapping peptides covering 215 residues, were isolated from completely reduced and aminoethylated protein, and 19 of these were completely sequenced. These comprised the entire variable region and 8 from the constant region. For the remaining peptides covering the rest of constant region, only partial sequences or the amino acid composition were determined. All the tryptic peptides could be arranged in order on the basis of the above results and homology with other lambda chains of known sequences. The sequence of the variable region (residues 0-108) differed from those previously reported in 30 to 50 residues and was classified into the V lambda II subgroup, but no variation was found in the sequence of the last 105 residues. The protein is characteristic of euglobulin and has 2 additional half cystine residues at positions 26 and 28, which forms covalent polymers up to octamer when kept in an alkaline solution.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Murine defense mechanism against Candida albicans infection. I. Collaboration of cell-mediated and humoral immunities in protection against systemic C. albicans infection.

Mice immunized with viable C. albicans cells demonstrated a high incidence of cell-mediated and a low incidence of humoral immune response. There was good agreement between the final survival rate of C. albicans infected mice and the rate of simultaneous cell-mediated and humoral immune response acquisition. Immunized mice with positive delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) against C. albicans crude antigen showed significant protection against intravenous challenge with C. albicans. Furthermore, the transfer of immunoglobulins from rabbit anti-C. albicans serum to DTH-positive mice enhanced protection, while it did not protect control mice against a subsequent challenge with C. albicans. These results suggest that cell-mediated immunity plays a major role and humoral immunity a side role in the defense mechanism(s) of C. albicans infected mice.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparative evaluation of the Iatron serological Candida check kit and the API 20C kit for identification of medically important Candida species.

A newly developed commercial serological test (Iatron Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) for the rapid identification of medically important species of Candida was evaluated against the API 20C (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and the standard Wickerham assimilation and fermentation procedures. Our results indicated that the Iatron and the API 20C methods are 95% accurate since both permitted identification of 78 of 82 Candida isolates, representing eight medically important species. None of the tests on nine Cryptococcus, six Trichosporon, three Geotrichum, three Saccharomyces, and one Rhodotorula species yielded false-positive reactions. False-positive serological tests occurred with a species of Pichia and Candida rugosa. The API 20C procedure correctly identified C. rugosa but not the Pichia sp. The Iatron method permitted reliable identification of the Candida species in 10 min to 5 h, whereas the API 20C procedure required 48 to 72 h. Neither method could properly identify sucrose-negative Candida tropicalis or Candida lusitaniae isolates. In addition, Candida albicans isolates could be serotyped by the Iatron method.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) as an anticoagulative agent for haemodialysis in comparison with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1).

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a potent antiplatelet agent, was evaluated as an antithrombotic agent for haemodialysis in comparison with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). When antiplatelet action was evaluated, taking the degree of associated hypotension into consideration, PGD2 was found to be superior to PGE1 and PGI2 as the latter two had the negative effect of inducing hypotension, while PGD2 had a less hypotensive effect. The suppression of the platelet function by PGD2 was observed to have only a slight influence on platelet function in systemic blood.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1980

Two-dimensional electrophoresis of immunoglobulin myeloma proteins in the absence of denaturing agents.

Human sera from myeloma patients were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis. Heterogeneity in molecular weight and in isoelectric point of the myeloma proteins were demonstrated on the protein map. The patterns of five major immunoglobulin classes differed from each other, implying that the five classes of myeloma immu,oglobulin can be distinguished by examining the two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns. Sugar content analysis suggested that differences in sialic acid content may be one of the origins of the heterogeneity of myeloma proteins observed in isoelectric focusing.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

24-hour rhythm of human plasma noradrenaline and the effect of fusaric acid, a dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor.

A 24-hour of basal noradrenaline (NA) levels in normal human plasma in the supine position was observed; higher NA levels during daytime and lower NA levels at night, especially early in the morning. This pattern of the 24-hour rhythm of plasma NA levels was similar to that of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) levels. After oral administration of fusaric acid, a DBH inhibitor, the rhythm changed, and plasma NA levels increased at 3 h and returned to the initial level at 23 h. In contrast, plasma DBH activity was markedly inhibited during 23 h after fusaric acid administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of heparin-free dialysis on abnormal lipid metabolism in patients on regular dialysis treatment.

To elucidate the contributory role of heparin to abnormal lipid metabolism in patients on regular haemodialysis (RDT), six week haemodialysis without heparin was performed using gabexate mesilate in combination with low dose aspirin. Total cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein were significantly increased at the fourth week after the start of the study. No significant changes were observed in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, lipoprotein phenotype and post heparin lipolytic activity. Routine dose heparin in RDT might have a favourable effect on abnormal lipid metabolism by inducing post heparin lipolytic activity in circulating blood, not by reducing the lipid removing activity in peripheral tissues.

Adult↗