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Biomedical subjects

T Shinkai

Publications and source records attributed to T Shinkai.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Suppression of natural killer activity in patients treated with cisplatin and methylprednisolone.

The achievable concentrations of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl-3-nitrosourea (ACNU), adriamycin, mitomycin C, vindesine, and epipodophyllotoxin suppressed the natural killer (NK) activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, whereas NK activity was not decreased 24 h after incubation with the maximum achievable concentration of cisplatin (cDDP). NK activity of patients treated with 80 mg per square meter of cDDP alone was not decreased for 3 weeks after cDDP administration. In contrast, NK activity of patients treated with the same dose of cDDP and methylprednisolone was significantly decreased 1 week after cDDP administration. It was concluded that methylprednisolone, used as an antiemetic agent, had an immunosuppressive effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of vindesine plus cisplatin or vindesine plus mitomycin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Fifty-eight patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive vindesine (3 mg/m2 every week) plus either cisplatin (80 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) or mitomycin (8 mg/m2 weekly X 3, then every 3 weeks). No patients achieved complete response. Among the 28 patients treated with vindesine plus cisplatin, there were 12 partial responders (42.9%); among the 30 patients treated with vindesine plus mitomycin, there were only three partial responders (10%) (P less than 0.005). The median duration of response was 11.5 weeks (range, 4-25) in the patients treated with vindesine plus cisplatin. The median survival times for patients treated with vindesine plus cisplatin and vindesine plus mitomycin were 10.1 and 10.2 months, respectively; there was no statistical difference in survival time between the two groups. Initial performance status was the strong predictor of patient survival. Toxic effects, including moderate myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and gastrointestinal symptoms, were generally manageable. The combination of vindesine and cisplatin appears to be effective against advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Phase II study of vindesine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

A phase II study of vindesine (VDS) was carried out in 21 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There were 13 and 8 patients with and without prior chemotherapy, respectively. VDS was administered at a weekly iv dose of 3 mg/m2. Partial response was observed in two of 15 adenocarcinomas and one of 2 adenosquamous cell carcinomas, and the overall response rate was 14.3% (3/21). Myelosuppression, especially leukopenia, was the most common dose-limiting side effect. Neurotoxicity was also a common side effect but the degree was mild. It was concluded that VDS at a dose of 3 mg/m2 every week seems to be active against NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[The control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting].

A growing interest has been shown in antiemetics with important advances in understanding the physiology of vomiting and the development of new anticancer agents having high emetic potential such as cisplatin. At present, high-dose metoclopramide, dexamethasone and butyrophenones have shown effective antiemetic action. In addition, antiemetic drug combinations that affect more than one neurotransmitter receptor have achieved improved emesis control. While improvements have been made in acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, anticipatory and delayed emesis is still a difficult problem. Further studies under well-designed trials are necessary to establish which of the available agents, doses, routes of administration, and schedules are best for reducing emesis depending on the chemotherapeutic drugs used.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1985

Phase II study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

A phase II study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP, 80 mg/m2, every 3 weeks) was performed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The overall response rate to CDDP was 14% (6/42). In patients without prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 20% (2/10), and in patients with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 13% (4/31). The major side effect was gastrointestinal toxicity. It was concluded that CDDP at a dose of 80 mg/m2 every 3 weeks is effective against NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Phase II study of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C (KW2083) in patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and metastatic pulmonary tumors.

Twenty-six patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and 25 with metastatic pulmonary tumors were treated by intravenous injection of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C (KW2083), a derivative of mitomycin C, either at a single 70-mg/m2 dose or at a dose of 20-30 mg/m2 once a week for 3 weeks. Two patients with adenocarcinoma among 21 evaluable patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, and one with embryonal cell carcinoma among 21 patients with metastatic pulmonary tumors achieved partial response lasting 5 to 7 weeks. In these three patients, KW2083 was administered by a single 70-mg/m2 dose, and no patients who received a dose of 20-30 mg/m2 weekly achieved objective response. Myelosuppression, primarily thrombocytopenia, was pronounced with either treatment regimen and it was the major dose-limiting toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Preliminary phase II study of adriamycin (ADM) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A phase II study of adriamycin (ADM) (60 mg/m2) was performed in 22 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). There were no responders in the 19 evaluable patients (16 with adenocarcinoma, two with squamous cell carcinoma and one with large cell carcinoma). The major side effects were alopecia (89%), leukocytopenia (73%), thrombocytopenia (58%) and upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Although ADM at 60 mg/m2 did not appear to have sufficient antitumor activity against NSCLC in this study, it is necessary to evaluate further the efficacy of ADM against NSCLC with another treatment schedule.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Recurrence of thymoma with appearance of myasthenia gravis 18 years after surgery: a case report.

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of recurrence of thymoma with appearance of myasthenia gravis 18 years after excision of an invasive thymoma. Recurrence was observed in the anterior mediastinum, right pleura, pericardium and left supraclavicular lymph node. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitiligo vulgaris and leukopenia were also seen. After creation of a pericardial window for pericardial effusion, she received vincristine, then carbazilquinone intravenously as single chemotherapeutic agents based on the chemosensitivity by clonogenic assay of the supraclavicular tumor, but response was not achieved. At one and a half years after radiotherapy to the mediastinum, she is now doing well without symptoms and is receiving a fairly low dose of anticholinesterase medication.

Female↗
PubMed1984

[Preliminary phase II study of cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) in patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and metastatic pulmonary tumor].

A preliminary phase II study of cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) was carried out in 17 patients with non-small cell carcinoma (12 adenocarcinomas, 3 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 large cell carcinoma) of the lung, and in 15 patients with metastatic pulmonary tumor. All patients could be evaluated. A partial response was obtained in 2 of 12 adenocarcinoma patients and in 1 of 3 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, resulting in a partial response rate of 17.6%. A partial response was also obtained in one patient each from those with metastatic pulmonary tumor from the uterus, skin and pharynx and in patients with mediastinal tumor, resulting in a partial response rate of 26.7%. There was mild myelosuppression in our patients; renal toxicity and toxic neuropathy seemed to be the dose-limiting factors in cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[The value of carcinoembryonic antigens in patients with advanced lung cancer: in relation to chemotherapy].

The serum carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) levels in 177 advanced lung cancer patients were studied to assess their value for the prognosis and indicating the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The relationship of pretreatment CEA levels with histology and stage of disease was also examined. Levels in excess of 5 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml were found in 55% and 32% of lung cancer patients, respectively. The elevated CEA levels were more frequently observed in patients with adenocarcinoma (65% in excess of 5 ng/ml) and extensive disease, but pretreatment CEA levels were not significantly correlated with the histology and clinical stage of disease. In 102 patients with adenocarcinoma, there was no significant difference of survival time in each patient with CEA levels less than 5 ng/ml, 5.0 less than or equal to - less than 20 ng/ml and in excess of 20 ng/ml; median survival time was 7, 7, 8 mo, respectively, and response to chemotherapy was not significant in each of these groups. Serial serum CEA measurements in patients with pretreatment levels in excess of 20 ng/ml correlated well with changes in disease status reflecting clinical response to chemotherapy. Mean percent changes of CEA levels to pretreatment levels were-77.4% in patients with partial response (PR), -55.6% in those with minor response (MR), -4.0% in patients with no change (NC) and +79.0% in patients showing progressive disease (PD). There was a significant difference in the percent changes of CEA levels between patients with an objective response (PR) and patients who had none (MR + NC) (p less than 0.02). CEA levels of all patients who had PD increased or unchanged. Serial measurements of serum CEA are useful in patients whose pretreatment levels are more than 20 ng/ml for monitoring the response to chemotherapy, and may be a useful noninvasive technique for patients with unmeasurable disease as a monitor of tumor burden in response to chemotherapy and recurrent disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Platelet aggregation and coenzyme Q10 content in platelets in cancer patients].

Platelet aggregation, plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) concentration and coenzyme Q10 content in serum and platelets were measured in 45 patients with unresectable carcinoma of the lung and in 7 patients with metastatic pulmonary tumor before and after receiving chemotherapy. A significant increase in the plasma beta-TG concentration in cancer patients (47.4 +/- 18.7 ng/ml) was observed (p less than 0.001) compared to the controls (30.3 +/- 9.2 ng/ml). Serum coenzyme Q10 content was lower in cancer patients (0.42 +/- 0.19 micrograms/ml) (p less than 0.05) compared to the controls (0.57 +/- 0.24 micrograms/ml). The reason of decrease in serum coenzyme Q10 content in cancer patients was difficult to explain. No significant difference of the coenzyme Q10 content in platelets (1 X 10(8) cells) was observed either cancer patients (12.5 +/- 2.8 ng) or the controls (12.6 +/- 2.1 ng). No significant correlation was noted among platelet aggregation, plasma beta-TG concentration and coenzyme Q10 content in serum and platelets. Administration of either vindesine or KW2083 did not influence the coenzyme Q10 content in platelets. These results suggest that ATP synthetic pathway by oxidative phosphorylation in platelet be maintained in cancer patients, although a significant increase of plasma beta-TG concentration appears to be associated with an acceleration in the metabolic turnover of platelet.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Phase II study of oral administration of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) for solid tumors.

A phase II trial of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), a new fluorinated pyrimidine analog which has been demonstrated to have potential superiority over 5-FU and tegafur for chemotherapy of murine tumors, was performed in patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and metastatic pulmonary tumors. 5'-DFUR at a dose of 800 mg/m2 was given per os every day for more than four weeks. None of 15 evaluable patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and 15 evaluable patients with metastatic pulmonary tumors showed a complete or partial response. Toxic effects of 5'-DFUR included anorexia (29%), diarrhea (26%), nausea (23%), vomiting (10%), leukocytopenia (10%), general fatigue (10%), liver disorder (6%) and thrombocytopenia (6%).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

[Multidisciplinary treatment for small cell lung cancer].

The effect of multidisciplinary treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung was tested. The response rates to induction chemotherapy were 69.2% (9/13) and 57.1% (12/22) in small cell carcinoma of the lung with limited and extensive disease, respectively. The response rates of oat and intermediate cells were 63.6% (14/22) and 50% (5/10), respectively. Radiation therapy to primary site and mediastinum after induction chemotherapy was also effective, producing the response rates of 87.8% (7/8) and 58.3% (7/12) in limited disease and extensive disease, respectively. The non-responder and recurrent cases responded to chemotherapy with epipodophyllotoxin and/or cisplatin but not with mitomycin C and/or adriamycin. The median survival of all 37 cases was 12.2+ months, and those with limited and extensive cases were 14.8+ and 8.7 months, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Randomized systemic chemotherapy using two or three drug combination for small cell lung cancer (SCLC)].

Randomized trials were sequentially performed in SCLC patients using a two-drug combination (ACNU . VCR, ADM . VCR) and a three-drug combination (ACNU . CPA . VCR, ACNU . ADM . VCR). The response rate for the two-drug regimen was 36.4% (8/22 cases) and that for the three-drug combination was 60.0% (15/25 cases). The median survival time of the two groups was 7 and 9 months, respectively. The group with PS. 0-1 showed a better prognosis than that with PS. 2-3 (p = 0.03). No fatal side effects were experienced in this protocol. These data suggest that the three-drug combination (ACNU . VCR . CPA) represents an active regimen for SCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The influence of maternal oxygen inhalation for 30 to 60 minutes on fetal oxygenation].

Healthy parturients with uterine displacement received oxygen inhalation before and during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section. Oxygen was administered through a mask (group OH2 : 20 cases) or via a nasal cannula (group OH1: 20 cases) for 33 to 69 minutes. All patients were in the right lateral position prior to spinal block and were in the left tilt after the anesthesia. The fetal blood-gas values were relatively evaluated among the OH2, OH1 and OH groups which received oxygen via a cannula for 9 to 17 minutes. The maternal artery PO2 values for the OH2 group (the mean: 491.7 +/- 61.4mmHg) were significantly higher than those for the OH1 and OH groups (244.5 +/- 28.0 and 225.0 +/- 62.9mmHg, respectively). The umbilical vein PO2 (46.1 +/- 7.5mmHg) and SO2 (87.6 +/- 6.3%) of the OH2 group were also significantly greater than those of the other groups (PO2: 36.1 +/- 4.1mmHg, SO2: 77.3 +/- 6.0% in the OH1 group and PO2: 37.5 +/- 6.4mmHg, SO2: 77.6 +/- 10. 3% in the OH group, respectively). The Apgar scores and both the maternal and fetal acid-base values for all groups were excellent. The umbilical vein to artery PO2 and SO2 gradients of the OH2 group were significantly greater than those of the other groups. It is emphasized that maternal hyperoxia with uterine displacement improves fetal oxygenation without adversely affecting the fetal acid-base state, even if it is excessive and maintained for 60 minutes.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1984

Correlation between drug sensitivity determined by clonogenic cell assay and clinical effect of chemotherapy in patients with primary lung cancer.

Correlation studies between the sensitivity of tumor cells determined by clonogenic cell assay and the clinical effect of chemotherapy were performed in patients with primary lung cancer. Thirty-four of 48 patients showed adequate colony formation (greater than or equal to 30 colonies) to test in vitro chemosensitivity. Colony formation of tumor specimens did not differ with regards to prognostic factors such as sex, age, stage, performance status, and prior chemotherapy. The two criteria of in vitro chemosensitivity employed were greater than 70% and 50% reduction in colony numbers. When in vitro chemosensitivity was defined as a colony reduction of greater than 50%, the true positive rate in the assay was 57%, while the true negative rate was 85%. In this case, the predictive accuracy was 79%. When in vitro chemosensitivity was defined as a colony reduction of greater than 70%, the true positive rate for the assay was 100%, while the true negative rate was 81%. In this case, the predictive accuracy was 82%. By Fisher's exact probability test, the overall in vitro/in vivo correlation was statistically significant (P = 0.042 less than 0.05) with the 50% cut-off point, but was not significant (P = 0.053 greater than 0.05) with the 70% cut-off point.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of CDDP administration on NK activity of human peripheral lymphocytes and its modification by corticosteroid as anti-emetic agent].

The effect of cDDP (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) on NK (natural killer) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 12 patients (7 primary lung cancer, 3 metastatic pulmonary tumor and 2 malignant mediastinal tumor) was examined with emphasis on the combination of corticosteroid. To all patients, 80 mg/m2 of CDDP was administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Four patients were treated with CDDP alone, and 8 patients received 375 mg of methylprednisolone on the same day of CDDP administration and 125 mg on each of following consecutive 5 days respectively. 1) NK activity was not suppressed for 3 weeks after CDDP administration, in the group of 4 patients without receiving corticosteroid. 2) Significant NK suppression was found 1 week after CDDP administration, and recovered 2 weeks later, in the group of 8 patients who were treated for their emesis by corticosteroid. It can be concluded that 80 mg/m2 of CDDP does not reduce NK activity at all. However, the additional administration of corticosteroid strongly inhibited NK activity. Therefore, one should be very careful when combines the corticosteroid in order to relieve emesis induced by CDDP treatment, even if it has some antiemetic effect.

Adenocarcinoma↗