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Biomedical subjects

T Shin

Publications and source records attributed to T Shin.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Total actual speaking time in infants and children with otitis media with effusion.

For the purpose of supporting the premise that remarkable improvements in the child's attitude and performance rendered by improving the hearing impairment after aspiration of effusion and insertion of ventilating tubes in infants and children causes the increase in actual speaking time, an apparatus for measuring the time of vibration of the vocal cords was newly devised. Using this instrument, the duration of speaking time of children with otitis media with effusion was measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative mean speaking times (speaking minutes/measured hours) were found to be 8 min 24 s per hour and 10 min per hour, respectively (number of patients: 30). These variable means were significant when examined by a Student's t-test. Pre- and postoperative speaking times showed no significant differences (10 min 24 s preoperatively and 10 min 54 s postoperatively) in the control group for surgery, consisting of 5 children having adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1985

Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice II. Tolerance to tumor allografts of large doses associated with rejection of skin allografts and tumor allografts of small doses.

Antigen-specific tolerance to tumor allografts in mice was obtained by stimulation with allogeneic spleen cell antigens and treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) 2 days later in various strain combinations between donor mice of spleen cell antigens and recipients. In such tolerant mice, skin allografts were rejected in various combinations of the donor-recipient. Furthermore, some of the tolerant mice showed accelerated rejection of tumor allografts of small doses, even though they allowed progressive growth of the same tumor allografts of large doses. Our results suggest that the rejection of tumor allografts of large doses may depend upon a mechanism that is distinct, qualitatively or quantitatively, from that one responsible for the rejection of tumor allografts of small doses and skin allografts. One of the most important properties of lymphocytes to separate these two different mechanisms may be a capacity of clonal expansion, namely, sensitivity to CY-induced tolerance of the lymphocytes mediating allograft rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of young children's total actual speaking time by a newly devised accumulator as an assessment of otitis media with effusion.

Aspiration of effusion and insertion of ventilating tubes in children with persistent effusion are effective ways of treating otitis media with effusion. In consequence, an increase in actual speaking time rendered by improving the hearing impairment must surely enrich the lives of children afflicted with this disease. To assess the increase in speaking time following aspiration of effusion and insertion of ventilating tubes, we devised a speech accumulator (RYU et al., 1983) which records the vibration time of the vocal cords by a small contact microphone attached to the neck. Total actual speaking time was measured with this device in children with effusion, and preoperative and postoperative speaking times were compared. Furthermore, an increase in actual speaking time invariably coincided with gain of hearing by middle ear ventilation. Children in whom insertion of the tube and adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were performed were recruited for the study. The placebo group for surgery was made up of children selected at random who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy and suffered no hearing impairment, hence, there was no insertion of the tube. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative total speaking times in patients of the placebo group.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice. IV. Mechanisms and kinetics of cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance.

Mechanisms and kinetics of tolerance in AKR mice induced using i.v. priming with viable C57BL/6 spleen cells and treatment with cyclophosphamide 2 days later were analyzed. In this tolerance induction system, some lymphocyte populations mediating delayed foot-pad reaction and cytotoxic activity were resistant to tolerance induction and remained in a sensitized state after cyclophosphamide treatment. These populations were considered to be qualitatively distinct from populations sensitive to cyclophosphamide, because delayed foot-pad reaction and cytotoxic lymphocyte activity were stronger in tolerant mice than in control mice in the early stages of tolerance induction, but were not augmented after immunization with C57BL/6 spleen cells, C57BL/6 skin grafts, or EL4 tumor grafts in the absence of suppressor T cells. One of the important differences in these two lymphocyte populations may be the capacity for clonal expansion.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice. VI. Tolerance induction in H-2-haplotype-identical strain combinations in mice.

When C3H/HeN (C3H) mice were primed with viable AKR/J (AKR) spleen cells and treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) two days later, a profound tolerance to AKR skin grafts was induced. This tolerance was induced also in other combinations disparate only at minor histocompatibility (H) antigens (AKR-C3H and BALB/c[BALB]-DBA/2[DBA]). In C3H mice made tolerant to AKR, delayed foot-pad reaction (DFR), cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), and cytotoxic antibodies (CTAb) against AKR spleen cells were abrogated completely. Tolerance to AKR mice was also observed in C3H mice primed with viable AKR and C57BL/6 (B6) spleen cells and treated with CP, but tolerance to B6 was not induced because a cell population responsible for DFR and CTL against B6 H-2 antigens remained after tolerance induction. These results suggest that there is a lymphocyte population responsible for DFR and CTL against antigens allogeneic at both major and minor H that is less proliferative than the population responsible for DFR and CTL against minor H antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Constancy of DNA organization of polymorphic and nonpolymorphic genes during development in Xenopus.

A study was undertaken to test for the occurrence of DNA rearrangements or amplifications during embryonic development in Xenopus laevis. DNA isolated from testes and liver was digested with four restriction enzymes, separated on agarose gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, and hybridized with over 50 cloned cDNA probes generated from embryonic poly (A)+ RNA. No qualitative or quantitative differences were detectable in the DNA hybridization patterns of testes and liver DNA, suggesting that, at least during liver development, selective amplifications or rearrangements occur rarely if at all. In the course of this investigation a wide range of restriction-site polymorphisms for different genes was observed. While some genes showed little polymorphism among different animals, several genes showed considerable polymorphism, involving changes in several restriction enzyme sites. These complex polymorphisms could be the result of gene rearrangements that occur occasionally during the course of sexual reproduction rather than during development.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructure of the glomerular corpuscular nerve endings in the subepithelium of human epiglottis.

The nerve endings in the subepithelial tissue of the surgically removed human epiglottis were observed by electron microscopy. The nerve varicosities (3-6 microns in diameter) with an accumulation of mitochondria and interconnecting nerve fibers supported by Schwann cells constituted the glomerular corpuscles (50-70 microns in diameter). The processes of the nerve varicosities, containing small clear and large dense cored synaptic-like vesicles, were in contact with basal cells of the stratified squamous epithelium. The glomerular corpuscular nerve endings are presumed to be concerned with low threshold mechanoreceptive functions, such as tactile sensation.

Aged↗