[Interesting case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
T Shimoda
Publications and source records attributed to T Shimoda.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate modulates expression of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase gene by inactivation of glucocorticoid receptor.
The level of mRNA for cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cAST) in the liver of vitamin B6-deficient rats was found to be 7-fold higher than that of the control rats. The administration of hydrocortisone to adrenalectomized vitamin B6-deficient rats induced expression of hepatic cAST mRNA and the induction was suppressed by the simultaneous administration of pyridoxine. Since the 5' regulatory region of the rat cAST gene contains several sequences showing homology to glucocorticoid-responsive elements, we synthesized an oligonucleotide probe of glucocorticoid-responsive element sequence and assayed the binding activity of liver nuclear extract to the oligonucleotide by gel mobility shift analysis. We found that the binding activity of nuclear extract prepared from the liver of vitamin B6-deficient rats was far greater than that of the control rats, indicating that the DNA-binding activity of glucocorticoid receptor was enhanced by vitamin B6 deficiency. We further found that preincubation of the nuclear extract from the vitamin-deficient liver with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate brought about a rapid and extensive decrease in the binding of the extract to the glucocorticoid-responsive element. Congeners of pyridoxal phosphate, such as pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine, did not show an inhibitory effect. These observations suggest that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate modulates cAST gene expression by inactivating the binding activity of glucocorticoid receptor to glucocorticoid-responsive elements.
Adrenalectomy↗
[The phenotypic expressions of AFP producing gastric carcinoma].
The phenotypic expressions of AFP producing gastric carcinomas were investigated by histological, immunohistochemical, mucinhistochemical and biochemical studies. Intramucosal histology was well differentiated adenocarcinoma in fifteen out of seventeen cases. In the invasive area, papillary or papillary and solid structure of the cancer cells with clear cytoplasms were in fourteen cases, but there were only three cases that showed hepatoid structure. In the mucinhistochemistry, thirteen cases (76%) showed intestinal type mucin. And in the lectin binding property of serum AFP, five of seven cases showed yolk sac tumor like pattern and the other two cases showed hepatic pattern. These results suggests that most of the AFP producing gastric carcinomas derive from intramucosal intestinal type well differentiated adenocarcinoma, that retrodifferentiated to fetal intestine in the invasive area and produce fetal intestinal type AFP.
Adenocarcinoma↗
A clinical study of mortality due to asthma.
BACKGROUND: Despite identification of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of asthma and improvement in therapy, asthma mortality has not decreased in recent years. OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology and asthma-related death preventive measures were investigated with a physician-based questionnaire survey. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to physicians primarily involved in treating asthma in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The clinical characteristics of 32 patients who died of asthma (fatal cases) from 1984 to 1992 were compared with those of 17 patients with severe asthma who survived as a result of treatment by mechanical ventilation (nearly fatal cases). RESULTS: The number of deaths due to asthma increased in the last 2 years. Fatal cases and nearly fatal cases included patients with severe asthma as well as patients with mild asthma. Analysis of the clinical histories of patients judged to have died suddenly revealed the presence of persistent wheezing in these patients for a few days prior to the fatal episode. Airway obstruction was more marked and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was greater in fatal cases compared with those of a group of 70 patients without a history of nearly fatal acute asthma. CONCLUSIONS: The following measures may help prevent asthma deaths. Both patients and physicians should realize that even mild episodes can lead to severe, even fatal acute asthma. The severity of asthma should be evaluated not only by symptoms and peak expiratory flow rates but also bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Treatment should include reduction of bronchial hyperresponsiveness using oral or inhaled corticosteroids.
Adult↗
FUS/TLS-CHOP chimeric transcripts in liposarcoma tissues.
Myxoid liposarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) are common soft tissue sarcomas of adulthood. Histopathologically they often show intratumor heterogeneity. In some cases, differential diagnosis of liposarcoma and MFH is difficult. It has been reported that myxoid liposarcomas are characterized by chromosomal translocation t (12; 16) (q13; p11), and that this results in two types (type I and type II) of FUS/TLS-CHOP fusion transcripts. In this study, the FUS/TLS-CHOP chimeric transcripts in seven malignant soft tissue tumors of Asian patients were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, DNA blot hybridization and nucleotide sequencing. One myxoid liposarcoma and two round cell liposarcomas possessed a chimeric transcript whose fusion point was the same as that of the type I fusion transcript reported previously for myxoid liposarcoma. We were thus able to detect the type I FUS/TLS-CHOP fusion transcript in clinical specimens of liposarcoma from Asian patients, including the first examples of round cell liposarcoma. These results suggest that the detection of FUS/TLS-CHOP chimeric transcripts or chimeric genes can be used as a diagnostic tool for the pathological diagnosis of liposarcomas.
Adult↗
Angiography of the temporomandibular joint. Description of an experimental technique with initial results.
The vascular supply to the temporomandibular joint is not completely understood. To form a base for advancement in this area we developed a method for experimental angiography of the temporomandibular joint that was applied to fresh temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens. Via the external carotid artery the vessels were infused with a mixture of barium and an acrylic resin. The specimens were sectioned and contact radiographs were obtained. These showed the vascularity of the joint and the surrounding structures with great detail. Most of the vascular supply appears to come from the lateral and medial aspects of the condyle head and from the anterior and posterior disk attachments. The method was applied to both normal and abnormal joints and the results suggest that this method could be used to gather further understanding of the vascularity of the temporomandibular joint relative to disease.
Aged↗
Traumatically induced posterior disk displacement without reduction of the TMJ--a case report.
A case of posterior disk displacement (PDD) without reduction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was observed in this case report. The disk position was altered by using an occlusal splint and intermaxillary elastic traction for 10 days. An anterior displaced disk with reduction (ADDw/R) resulted from this therapy. Proposed criteria for diagnosing the PDD without reduction of the TMJ will be discussed in this study.
Adult↗
Changes in pulmonary venous flow pattern during early neonatal life.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate serial changes in the pattern of flow in the pulmonary vein during the early neonatal period. METHODS: Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to measure flow in the right upper pulmonary vein in 26 normal newborn infants. Peak flow velocity during systole (S) and diastole (D) and flow velocity at indents between the systolic and diastolic fraction (O) and between the diastolic and systolic fraction (X) were measured 1, 4-8, 24, and 96 hours after birth. The heart rate and diameter of the ductus arteriosus were measured simultaneously. RESULTS: Continuous and phasic high flow velocity waveforms were seen 1 and 4-8 hours after birth. The mean (SD) peak flow velocities of X, S, O, and D an hour after birth were 35.2 (13.6) cm/s, 73.1 (23.1) cm/s, 58.5 (20.5) cm/s, and 81.5 (19.2) cm/s respectively. There were significant decreases in X, S, O, and D by 24 hours of age (p < 0.01 v 1 hour after birth) to 8.1 (10.3) cm/s, 52.8 (18.0) cm/s, 38.6 (14.5) cm/s, and 54.4 (11.2) cm/s respectively. These results indicate intermittent flow in the pulmonary vein, with flow stopping between diastole and systole. These flow velocities, X, S, O, and D, correlated well with the diameter of the ductus arteriosus (r = 0.80 v X, r = 0.62 v S, r = 0.63 v O, r = 0.75 v D). CONCLUSION: This serial study showed changes in normal pulmonary vein flow patterns during the early neonatal period. The continuous and high flow velocity waveform that was seen immediately after birth resembled the pattern of pulmonary vein flow seen in congenital pulmonary stenosis and in cases of acute volume overload. This waveform may reflect a sudden increase in pulmonary circulatory volume with additional left to right shunting through the ductus arteriosus in relatively hypoplastic pulmonary veins.
Diastole↗
Biological characteristics of a continuous cultured cell line derived from a human malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
A continuous cultured cell line, NATO, was established from a human malignant histiocytoma of bone. The cultured cells consisted of at least 3 types of tumor cells; polygonal, long spindle and occasionally giant cells, which were primarily observed in the original tumor of the patient. Ultrastructurally, they were mostly immature cells that had poorly developed cell organelles and a few lysozomal granules. The cultured cells had phagocytotic activity and were positive for acid phosphatase, transferrin receptor, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and HLA-DR, but negative for Fc- and C3-receptors. Allotransplantation of the cells into athymic nude mice produced tumors at early passages, but did not 3 years later. Four cloned sublines isolated from the parent line also showed essentially an identical morphology with that of the parent cell line, indicating that the 3 cell types were interchangeable.
Animals↗
[Six cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis].
Six cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) were evaluated. In four cases, diagnosis and steroid therapy were delayed, which resulted in irreversible pulmonary dysfunction. The important points for early diagnosis were: (1) Differentiation from pulmonary tuberculosis, (2) the presence of bronchial asthma was not essential for diagnosis, and (3) fungi other than Aspergillus fumigatus might cause this syndrome.
Adult↗
An experimental transplantable osteosarcoma with spontaneous pulmonary metastasis in hamsters.
Animal models of osteosarcoma with spontaneous pulmonary metastasis which retain metastatic capacity and osteoid formation after serial passages have been reported infrequently. In this communication we describe some biological features of a transplantable osteosarcoma, Os515, induced by BK-virus in Syrian golden hamsters. The subcutaneously transplanted tumours in 2-week-old animals grew progressively until death, with a mean survival time of 32 days. Distant metastases occurred only in the lungs in all animals. The histological appearance was osteosarcoma of osteoblastic type. Enzyme-histochemical staining showed alkaline phosphatase activity in many cells and beta-glucuronidase activity in few cells. Tumours transplanted intramuscularly in the hind limbs were amputated radically at 5 or 11 days. A small number of animals died from lung metastases without local relapse during the observation period of 140 days after grafting. All the control hamsters bearing unamputated tumours died much earlier. Necropsy revealed large metastatic nodules in the lungs of limb-amputated animals and small diffuse nodules in the lungs of untreated control animals. The development of lung metastases was monitored by soft X-ray without sacrificing the animals. This model will be useful in studies of mechanisms of metastasis and for the experimental treatment of osteosarcoma.
Animals↗
[Corticosteroid-induced asthma].
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Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
[Intramucosal growth patterns of superficial colorectal carcinomas].
Intramucosal growth patterns of minute superficial colorectal carcinomas removed by endoscopic surgery were analyzed on these microscopic views by using two dimension morphometrical system. Superficial colorectal carcinomas were classified into 2 types based on endoscopic findings; superficial elevated type 21 cases and superficial depressed type 30 cases. Main factors determining growth pattern in mucosa depended on size in superficial elevated type and ratio of transmucosal growth in superficial depressed type. PG type and NPG type showed the same growth pattern in terms of ratio of transmucosal growth and mucosal thickness of central depressive area to the horizontal size. Accordingly, intramucosal growth patterns were different between superficial elevated type and superficial depressed type in minute lesions. And, PG type and NPG type could be included as superficial depressed type.
Carcinoma↗
Enhancement of cytotoxicity of doxorubicin by verapamil in the hepatic artery infusion for liver tumors in rats.
BACKGROUND: The calcium channel blocker has been demonstrated to be effective in the accumulation and retention of chemotherapeutic agents in tumor cells. METHODS: The effect of verapamil on cytotoxicity of doxorubicin was investigated in a hepatic artery infusion (HAI) for liver tumors of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats. Doxorubicin was infused by way of a hepatic artery by a bolus injection intra-arterially (IA) (1 mg/kg) and a continuous infusion intra-arterially (CIA) (6 mg/kg/day for 6 days). RESULTS: Doxorubicin increased 90% and 66% in tumor tissue following HAI of verapamil by a bolus and continuous infusion (P < 0.05), respectively. However, no enhancement of the accumulation of doxorubicin in the tumor tissue was found in an intravenous administration of verapamil. The CIA infusion of verapamil with doxorubicin inhibited the tumor growth by 73% in comparison with doxorubicin only (P < 0.05). Verapamil administered intravenously (IV) could not induce this inhibitory effect. The CIA administration of verapamil reduced the serum concentration by 45% (P < 0.001) in comparison with the CIV route. Furthermore, the administration of verapamil did not increase the accumulation of doxorubicin in the normal liver and heart tissues. No enhancement of bone marrow suppression and hepatic biochemical influence by doxorubicin was revealed by the concomitant use of verapamil. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous HAI of verapamil remarkably enhanced the cytotoxicity of HAI with doxorubicin for the treatment of hepatic tumor without aggravating the side effects induced by doxorubicin.
Animals↗
Soft tissue vascular tumors. A flow cytometric DNA analysis.
BACKGROUND: The clinical behavior of soft tissue vascular tumors is difficult to predict on histologic grounds alone. METHODS: To assess the usefulness of DNA flow cytometry in predicting the biologic behavior of these tumors, the authors studied 51 soft tissue vascular tumors by DNA flow cytometry of paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS: All 20 capillary hemangiomas, one epithelioid hemangioma, two spindle cell hemangioendotheliomas, and two benign hemangiopericytomas had a diploid DNA content. Of the 20 patients with angiosarcomas, their ages ranged from 9-80 years (mean, 44.0 years), and the mean follow-up period was 16.5 months. Ten tumors (including two postmastectomy angiosarcomas) were cutaneous, six were deep soft tissues, and four were from other sites. These tumors were classified histologically into three types: sinusoidal (n = 10), capillary (n = 7), and mixed type (n = 3). Thirteen of the angiosarcomas (65%) were diploid, and seven (35%) were aneuploid. Three patients with angiosarcoma had lung metastases at initial diagnosis, and seven had them later in the course. Nine patients died of their disease within a period of 18 months after the initial diagnosis. All five patients with malignant hemangiopericytoma died of their disease. Three of these lesions had a diploid DNA content, and two had an aneuploid content. Although it was found that all benign and intermediate-grade malignant tumors were diploid, there were no significant correlations among histologic type, DNA ploidy, and clinical outcome in angiosarcomas and malignant hemangiopericytomas. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, DNA analysis has limited value in predicting the biologic behavior of malignant vascular tumors of the soft tissue.
Adolescent↗
Expression of cytokeratin subtypes in colorectal mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma.
The distribution pattern of cytokeratin (CK) subtypes, an intermediate filament of cytoskeleton, was examined in adenomas and carcinomas of the colon and rectum. For the detection of the cytokeratin subtypes, monoclonal antibodies to the 54 Kd keratin polypeptide (CK No. 7 according to Moll's classification), 52.5 Kd (CK No. 8), 45 Kd (CK No. 18), and 40 Kd (CK No. 19) were used for immunohistochemical observation. Although No. 7 was positive in normal mucosa and adenoma with mild to moderate atypia, it could not be recognized in carcinoma. On the other hand the expression of No. 18 was confirmed in carcinoma, adenoma, and normal mucosa, and there were some differences in its distribution pattern in those with or without glandular formation and in areas showing infiltration of tumor cells. No. 18 expression was on the luminal side of normal colonic mucosa, adenoma, and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma; in the infiltrating area its reactivity was localized diffusely in the cytoplasm of tumor cells showing moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells. As to No. 8 and No. 19, they were recognized in normal mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma. These results suggested the intimate relationship between expression of CK subtypes, cellular differentiation, and structural differentiation of colorectal carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Pyroglutamyl peptidase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: cloning, sequencing, expression, and crystallization of the expressed enzyme.
The pyroglutamyl peptidase [EC 3.4.11.8] gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli DH1. The transformant of E. coli DH1 harboring plasmid pBPG 1 with a 2.1 kb chromosomal DNA fragment showed 80-fold higher activity than B. amyloliquefaciens. The nucleotide sequence of a 0.9 kb fragment that contains the promoter and the mature protein coding region was determined by the dideoxy chain-termination method. An open reading frame of 648 bp starting with an ATG methionine codon was found, which encodes a protein of 215 amino acid residues with a deduced molecular weight of 23,286. The enzyme has two cysteine residues (Cys68 and Cys144) per subunit molecule. Substitution of Cys144 with Ser by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in a complete loss of the activity, while that of Cys68 with Ser did not affect the activity at all. This result and titration with DTNB suggest that Cys144 is concerned in the catalytic action and Cys68 is located inside the enzyme. The expressed enzyme was purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic chromatography on a Toyopearl HW-65C column and crystallization, with an activity recovery of 42.7%. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.5 and stable at pH 7.0-9.0. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 51,000 by gel filtration, suggesting it to be a dimer. Big crystals of the wild and PCMB-modified enzymes were obtained by the hanging drop method.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of bone and soft tissue: histological subclassification and clinicopathologic correlations.
Recent reports of Ewing's sarcoma (EW) and extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EEW) support the hypothesis that these tumors are neuroectodermal in origin. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of bone (32 cases) and soft tissue (25 cases) including those previously categorized as EW in 27 cases and EEW in 15 cases were carefully studied histologically, immunocytochemically and morphometrically, focusing on tumor cell differentiation. This study attempts to subclassify these tumors on the basis of the size of tumor cells and nuclei, their variations (uniformity or diversity), arrangement of tumor cells (rosette or non-rosette), focal differentiation to larger ganglion-like cells, and staining intensity for neural markers. All tumors were histologically subclassified as small, medium or large cell types, three basic subtypes (rosette type, abortive rosette type, non-rosette type) and four complementary subtypes (fibrillary type, non-fibrillary type, angiomatoid type, ganglion cell type). Classic EW or EEW is consistent with small or medium, non-rosette, non-fibrillary type tumors, previously described large cell EW with large, non-rosette, fibrillary or non-fibrillary type tumors, and classic neuroectodermal tumor with small or medium, rosette, fibrillary type tumors, according to the present subclassification. Clinicopathologic correlations with the different subtypes are discussed. Long-term survival, more than 5 years, was seen in patients with small cell type, and those younger than 14 years of age.
Adolescent↗