[Periproctal abscess].
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Abdominal Abscess↗
Biomedical subjects
T Shibuya
Publications and source records attributed to T Shibuya.
Photopic electroretinogram implicit time in diabetic retinopathy.
Photopic electroretinograms (ERGs) elicited with red or white flashes of various intensities under a bright background light were recorded in 119 eyes of 77 diabetic patients and 19 normal control eyes. The implicit time and amplitude of photopic ERGs were analyzed in relation to the stage of diabetic retinopathy, ie, diabetic eyes without retinopathy, eyes with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (mild NPDR), moderate NPDR, preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (PPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The implicit time was significantly delayed in eyes with moderate NPDR, PPDR and PDR relative to eyes with mild NPDR, eyes without retinopathy or normal eyes. The delay of implicit time significantly increased as the severity of retinopathy progressed from mild NPDR to PPDR. The amplitude was reduced in PPDR and PDR, while the correlation with the severity of retinopathy was not so significant as with the delay of implicit time. These findings suggest that the photopic ERG implicit time can be a good indicator for the objective evaluation of the severity of diabetic retinopathy ranging from mild NPDR to PPDR, where retinal laser photocoagulation should be considered.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of the diagnostics pasteur platelia toxo IgG, IgM and IgA kits using Toxoplasma gondii major surface protein (P30)].
1. Newly developed diagnostic kit for toxoplasma infection, Platelia Toxo IgG, IgM and IgA were compared with IFA IgG and IgM, revealing high co-positivity between the results obtained by the two methods. 2. The serum containing antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor and so on, which are often regarded as cause of false positive results, showed no nonspecific reaction completely. 3. Platelia Toxo IgM and IgA were applied for the serum obtained from the patients who were laboratory infected and/or acquired toxoplasma infection, most of the specimen revealing IgM and IgA antibody at the acute stage of the infection.
Animals↗
[Turner's syndrome with pituitary hyperplasia: a case report].
Turner's syndrome, a sex-chromosome abnormality, is often accompanied by cardiovascular disorders, such as coarctation of the aorta. We encountered a case of Turner's syndrome with meningioma and pituitary hyperplasia which resulted in death from dissection of the aorta. The patient was 36-year-old female who was diagnosed as having Turner's syndrome of mosaic-type at the age of 15. She had accepted sex-hormone replacement with estrogen and progesterone over 20 years. She lost consciousness and was transferred to our institute on June 20th, 1992. She was in shock but her condition began to improve after intensive treatment. CT scan revealed a calcified mass lesion at the left frontal convexity and a markedly enhanced round mass lesion at the suprasellar region. Angiography showed tumor stain of the suprasellar region fed by the posterior ethmoidal artery. These tumors were diagnosed as multiple meningiomas. She developed dyspnea on June 24th and chest X-ray showed right pleural fluid collection and cardiomegaly. This condition was diagnosed as congestive heart failure. Her condition was getting worse and she suffered abrupt cardiac arrest on June 28th. Autopsy revealed dissection of the aorta as the cause of death. The tumor of the convexity was meningioma, and the suprasellar lesion was diagnosed as pituitary hyperplasia. It is well known that frequent excess dose injection of estrogen can induce pituitary adenoma or hyperplasia in rats. In this case, the presence of pituitary hyperplasia was thought to be the result of long-term injection of estrogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with fatty liver and Basedow's disease].
We present two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with both Basedow's disease and fatty liver. The first case is a 46-year-old Japanese female who was admitted because of high fever and general fatigue. She had been diagnosed as having Basedow's disease and treated with thiamazole for over 4 years. Since thiamazole-induced lupus was unlikely because of high titer anti-nuclear antibody and anti-DNA antibody and low levels of complements, a diagnosis of SLE was made. The upper abdominal ultrasound study and the specimen obtained by liver biopsy performed before initiating steroid therapy demonstrated marked fatty liver. SLE itself is considered as an etiology of fatty liver in this case. The second case was a 25-year-old Japanese female with SLE. She had been treated with prednisolone for 13 years and was complicated with Basedow's disease 10 years later. Fatty liver was also demonstrated in this patient on ultrasonography, and was thought to be resulted from long-term steroid hormone administration.
Adult↗
Angioscopy in variant angina: coronary artery spasm and intimal injury.
Studies in pigs and dogs show that intimal injury is related to coronary artery spasm; it is not known whether intimal injury is related to coronary artery spasm in human beings. We examined intima at the site of coronary artery spasm by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioscopy in 10 of 13 consecutive patients with variant angina. Coronary artery spasms occurred spontaneously or were induced by intracoronary acetylcholine (10-100 micrograms). Angioscopy showed intimal injuries (haemorrhage, flap, thrombus, or ulcer) in 4 of the 10. We suggest that intimal injury is related to coronary artery spasm in human beings.
Acetylcholine↗
Diversity of primary structures of the carboxy-terminal regions of mammalian fibrinogen A alpha-chains. Characterization of the partial nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences in five mammalian species; rhesus monkey, pig, dog, mouse and Syrian hamster.
The partial amino acid sequences of fibrinogen A alpha-chains from five mammalian species have been inferred by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the genomic DNA of the rhesus monkey, pig, dog, mouse and Syrian hamster, the DNA fragments coding for alpha-C domains in the A alpha-chains were amplified and sequenced. In all species examined, four cysteine residues were always conserved at the homologous positions. The carboxy- and amino-terminal portions of the alpha-C domains showed a considerable homology among the species. However, the sizes of the middle portions, which corresponded to the internal repeat structures, showed an apparent variability because of several insertions and/or deletions. In the rhesus monkey, pig, mouse and Syrian hamster, 13 amino acid tandem repeats fundamentally similar to those in humans and the rat were identified. In the dog, however, tandem repeats were found to consist of 18 amino acids, suggesting an independent multiplication of the canine repeats. The sites of the alpha-chain cross-linking acceptor and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor cross-linking donor were not always evolutionally conserved. The arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence was not found in the amplified region of either the rhesus monkey or the pig. In the canine alpha-C domain, two RGD sequences were identified at the homologous positions to both rat and human RGDS. In the Syrian hamster, a single RGD sequence was found at the same position to that of the rat. Triplication of the RGD sequences was seen in the murine fibrinogen alpha-C domain around the homologous site to the rat RGDS sequence. These findings are of some interest from the point of view of structure-function and evolutionary relationships in the mammalian fibrinogen A alpha-chains.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A new bioactive glass--ceramic as a coating material on titanium alloy.
Apatite--wollastonite-containing glass--ceramic (A--W . GC) has a strong ability to bond to bone and relatively high mechanical strength. Therefore, as a bulk material it has recently been applied clinically even in load-bearing sites. In this study, we modified A--W . GC by altering its composition ratio with the removal of CaF 2 and the addition of B 2O 3, and examined the potential use of the resulting new glass--ceramic as a material for coating on a titanium (Ti) alloy. The bioactivity of this new coating (NC) material and its bonding ability to bone were investigated mechanically and histologically. After implantation of the Ti alloy plate coated with this material into the tibiae of rabbits for 2, 3, 4, 8, and 25 weeks, a detaching test was performed. The detaching failure load of the NC plates was compared with those of A--W . GC plates, hydroxyapatite (HA) plates, and uncoated Ti alloy plates implanted in the same way. The failure load of NC was as high as that of A--W . GC for all periods, whereas it was significantly higher at 3 and 4 weeks than that of HA. Uncoated Ti alloy showed lower failure loads for all periods, differing significantly from the other materials. There was no breakage or detachment of the coating layer observed after the detaching test. Histological examinations by CMR, Giemsa surface staining, and SEM-EPMA showed that NC bonded directly to bone without any intervening soft tissue layer. A calcium--phosphorus-rich layer (apatite layer) was observed within the coating layer, as is the case in A--W . GC. These results indicate that this new glass--ceramic has earlier bone-bonding ability and high mechanical strength, making it a promising coating material.
Animals↗
Schistosoma mansoni: fatty acid-induced cercarial tail loss does not involve eicosanoid production and chemoreceptors.
Inhibitors of eicosanoid production had no effect on linoleic acid-induced Schistosoma mansoni cercarial tail loss. In addition, linoleic acid-induced cercarial tail loss was not inhibited by silver nitrate, which binds to putative chemoreceptors for fatty acids in cercariae. There was no correlation between molecular structures of fatty acids and their potencies to induce tail loss. Furthermore, transcompounds of fatty acids which cannot be precursors of eicosanoids elicited tail loss as potently as cis-compounds did. The present results suggest that fatty acid-induced cercarial tail loss is not mediated by eicosanoid production and chemoreceptors, which are involved in cercarial penetration behavior stimulated by fatty acids.
Animals↗
Esophago-jejuno-duodenal anastomoses with an ultra-short duodenum.
Reconstruction following total gastrectomy usually requires one of the various methods of esophagojejunal anastomosis. We present herein the case of a 78-year-old woman with gastric carcinoma involving the adjacent organs for which resection of the whole stomach, distal pancreas, transverse colon, and distal duodenum was performed. Reconstruction was carried out with an esophagojejunostomy, followed by a side-to-side anastomosis between the raised jejunal limb and the residual short duodenum. Her postoperative course was uneventful and she was able to lead a relatively comfortable life at home until she died after tumor recurrence caused GI bleeding 1 year postoperatively. This new modified Roux-en-Y with an ultra-short duodenum can be applied for such contiguously invasive gastric carcinoma to achieve a better quality of life, when conventional reconstruction techniques after total gastrectomy are not indicated.
Adenocarcinoma↗
The induction of recessive mutations in mouse primordial germ cells with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea.
A specific-locus test was carried out to examine the mutagenic activity of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) on mouse primordial germ cells (PGC). Embryos of C3H/He mice were treated transplacentally with 30 or 50 mg ENU per kg of maternal body weight on day 8.5, 10.5, or 13.5 of gestation (G8.5 day, G10.5 day, or G13.5 day). Male and female mice that had been treated with ENU in embryonic stages were mated with female or male tester PW mice to detect recessive mutations induced in PGC. ENU induced recessive mutations at a relatively high rate in PGC at these developmental stages. The most sensitive stage was G10.5 day. On G8.5 day, the induced mutation rate in males and females was not significantly different. Cluster mutations, which originate from the limited number of PGC and cell killing, were more frequently induced at an earlier developmental stage. The induced mutation rate per unit dose of ENU (1 mg/kg) was higher in G8.5 and G10.5 day PGC than in stem-cell spermatogonia. It can be concluded that mouse PGC are more sensitive than stem-cell spermatogonia to the induction of recessive mutations by ENU.
Age Factors↗
Different effects of methylxanthines on central serotonergic postsynaptic neurons in a mouse behavioral model.
Effects of the four methylxanthines (100 mg/kg, IP)--caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, and pentoxifylline--on the central serotonergic neuron were studied in mice using a behavioral model, the head-twitch response. The four methylxanthines potentiated the head twitches induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in pargyline-pretreated mice; pentoxifylline was the most potent. The potentiating effect of pentoxifylline was increased by paroxetine, the selective inhibitor of uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but those of the other drugs were not. In nontreated animals, caffeine directly induced head-twitch responses, which were not affected by pargyline pretreatment but were increased by prior treatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). The number of head twitches produced by caffeine in 5,7-DHT-treated mice was increased twofold by p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor. In mice treated with both 5,7-DHT and p-CPA, theophylline induced the responses, although much less potently than caffeine. Theobromine and pentoxifylline produced even fewer responses. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that the methylxanthines possess qualitatively different actions on the central serotonergic neuron; caffeine and theophylline appear to have direct effects on the postsynaptic neuron, but theobromine and pentoxifylline do not.
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
A randomized phase II trial of low-dose aclarubicin vs very low-dose cytosine arabinoside for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes.
We performed a randomized phase II trial comparing low-dose aclarubicin (LC-ACR) with very low-dose cytosine arabinoside (VLD-AC) in 39 consecutive untreated patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), including refractory anemia (RA), RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t). Nineteen patients received the VLD-AC therapy; 2 good responses (GR) and 2 partial responses (PR) were obtained in 11 patients with RAEB and RAEB-t, while 2 PR were obtained in 8 RA patients. Eighteen patients received the LD-ACR therapy; 2 GR and 4 PR were obtained in 11 RAEB/RAEB-t patients while 2 PR in 7 RA patients. There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effects and survival between these two groups of patients. These observations suggest that the LD-ACR therapy is effective in some patients with MDS and can be used as an alternative to the low-dose Ara-C therapy.
Aclarubicin↗
B-lymphoid/myeloid stem cell origin in Ph-positive acute leukemia with myeloid markers.
We report two cases of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive acute leukemia with definite myeloid markers. Ph was the sole chromosomal abnormality at presentation, and neither eosinophilia, basophilia, thrombocytosis nor hepatosplenomegaly was present. In both cases, Ph+ myeloblasts showed positive stain for myeloperoxidase and naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase, which fulfilled the FAB criteria of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Ph+ myeloblasts co-expressed myeloid and B-lymphoid antigens (CD10, CD13, CD19 and CD33). In case 1, myeloblasts rearranged M-BCR, and the expression of M-BCR/ABL chimeric RNA was demonstrated by using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They also clonally rearranged IGH. Ph clone disappeared on cytogenetic analysis in remission, and granulocytes in remission did not have rearranged M-BCR. In case 2, morphocytochemically distinct myeloid and lymphoid blast populations were seen. Myeloblasts and lymphoblasts were enriched > 96% as CD19-/CD33+ and CD19+/CD33- populations, respectively. Both of them possessed the identical rearrangement of IGH and M-BCR, indicating a common leukemic progenitor cell origin. Furthermore, m-BCR/ABL was detected in addition to M-BCR/ABL on RT-PCR. Accordingly, both cases were diagnosed as de novo Ph+ acute leukemia rather than as chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis. Their mixed B-lymphoid/myeloid characteristics strongly suggest that so-called 'Ph+ AML' is derived from Ph+ myeloid/B-lymphoid stem cells.
Adolescent↗
A review of the genotoxicity of 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea.
1-Ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU) is a potent monofunctional ethylating agent that has been found to be mutagenic in a wide variety of mutagenicity tests system from viruses to mammalian germ cells. It also has been shown to induce tumors in various organs of mammals. ENU has been used only for research purposes. ENU possesses the dual action of ethylation and carbamoylation. The ethyl group can be transferred to nucleophilic sites of cellular constituents, and the carbonyl group can be transferred to an amino group of protein. ENU is able to produce significant levels of alkylation at oxygens, such as the O6 position of guanine and the O4 position of thymine of DNA. The molecular genetic data obtained from ENU-induced mutants on various species suggest that ENU produces mainly GC-AT transitions and, to a small extent, AT-GC, AT-CG, AT-TA, GC-CG and GC-TA base substitutions. This mutation spectrum of ENU is different from that of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, which mainly induces GC-AT transitions. ENU is a most potent mutagen in mouse germ cells, especially in stem-cell spermatogonia. It induces intragenic mutations with high frequency in male mouse germ cells. ENU has been established as a model compound for exploring the effects of chemical mutagenesis on mouse germ cells.
Animals↗
Relation between long-lasting amounts of excitatory amino acid and its neuronal uptake system in cultured cerebellar granule cells under hypoglycemia.
1. Basal release of amino acids (Glu, Gln, Gly and Tau) in cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells was detected at 3 days in vitro (DIV). The amounts of Gln and Gly released increased according to days of culture. Moreover, the amounts of Glu in a glia poor culture of granule cells tended to be higher than those in glia rich cultured cells, while Gln, Gly and Tau concentrations were lower in glia poor cells than in glia rich cells. 2. After depolarization induced by high KCl, amounts of all measured amino acids significantly rose to more than 1.5 times their basal values. The increased values obtained in a glia rich culture of granule cells were higher than those in a glia poor culture of cells throughout all cultured days. 3. Under deprivation of glucose, most concentrations of amino acids in the medium, especially Gln concentration, increased by 50 mM KCl were lower than those seen under normal conditions. Such lesser efflux examined under hypoglycemia was much more clearly recognized in glia rich cultures than in glia poor cultures. However, the amounts of Glu at 10 and 14 DIV, and also Gly and Tau amounts at 10 DIV were significantly higher than those seen in the cultures of glia poor cells under normal conditions. 4. The dosage of 10 microM Glu-induced [Ca2+]i accumulation was inhibited by several different types of Ca antagonists and scopolamine. Meanwhile, the dosages of the tested drugs, except for scopolamine, required for blocking Glu-induced [Ca2+]i accumulation under hypoglycemia were less than those required under normal conditions. These results suggest that neuronal death induced hypoglycemia might be caused by the dysfunction of the neuronal, but not glial, Glu uptake system, and that some Ca antagonists might be useful in preventing the neuronal death caused by hypoglycemia.
Amino Acids↗
Angioscopy, coronary thrombi and acute coronary syndromes.
Coronary angioscopy is a new diagnostic imaging technique in which optic fibres are used to directly observe the intracoronary lumen. Angioscopy provides a full colour, high resolution, three-dimensional image of the intracoronary artery surface morphology. Studies using angioscopy revealed that the frequency of coronary thrombi in patients with acute coronary syndromes was higher than previous studies, based on arteriography, had reported. Arteriographic recognition of thrombus in unstable angina was from 1.3% to 52%. On the other hand, thrombi were observed in 88% by angioscopy in patients with rest angina in our study. Whereas ordinary arteriography provides only two-dimensional black and white images, angioscopy can distinguish between a thrombus and a plaque, even if the clot is very small. In a study of 17 unstable angina and 22 myocardial infarction patients, the frequencies of coronary thrombi in the two groups were essentially the same. Grayish-white thrombi were observed in most of the unstable angina patients but in none of the infarction patients. On the other hand, red or mixed red and white thrombi were observed in all infarction patients but in only a few unstable angina patients. This difference may account for the contrasting results of thrombolytic therapy.
Acute Disease↗
Subcutaneous wire traction technique without CO2 insufflation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
One hundred laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed since April 1991. Eleven patients were treated with a new technique without CO2 insufflation, using a traction device to elevate the right upper quadrant wall. Two Kirschner wires were introduced subcutaneously to permit the abdominal wall to be lifted for satisfactory laparoscopic view, as the gas insufflation technique yields. Preoperative evacuation of the intestines and intraoperative muscle relaxation are necessary for easy and successful cholecystectomy. Three cases were converted to laparotomy because of remarkably distended intestine due to incorrect endotracheal intubations. No complications related to subcutaneous wire traction technique were noted in this series. Subcutaneous wire traction technique provides a simpler, and possibly safer alternative to the gas insufflation technique.
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗