"Quasidirect" observations of cosmic-ray primaries in the energy region 10(12)-1014 eV.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
T Shibata
Publications and source records attributed to T Shibata.
[Experimental study of hemodynamic changes following superior mesenteric arterial injection of various contrast media].
Following the superior mesenteric arterial injection of three contrast media, [38% Meg/Na Amidotrizoate, 76% Meg/Na Amidotrizoate, Iopamidol (370 mg l/ml)], and isotonic saline, we measured and analyzed the changes of superior mesenteric arterial blood flow rate for 10 minutes continuously in 6 dogs by means of electromagnetic flow meter. Blood volume change of superior mesenteric arterial blood flow was calculated by integration of blood flow. After injection of the agents, superior mesenteric arterial flow increased and returned to control level. The duration was influenced by the agent's osmolality. Therefore, volume change was analyzed because it is concurrent index of flow and duration. Correlation between volume change (increase) of superior mesenteric arterial blood flow and the agent's osmolality was shown. (r = 0.985, p less than 0.01). Increased blood volume of local arterial blood flow appears to be a desirable index for estimating vasodilatory effect of contrast media.
Animals↗
IgG3 is the major source of cryoglobulins in mice.
A total of 20 of 23 IgG3 mAb derived from unmanipulated autoimmune MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice was shown to generate cryoglobulins which were composed exclusively of IgG3. Although three IgG3 mAb failed to develop cryoglobulins, they were able to bind nonspecifically to any IgG3 molecules as efficiently as cryoprecipitable IgG did. The direct role of the gamma 3 constant region for the generation of cryoglobulins was demonstrated by the following findings: 1) the cryoglobulin activity was independent of the specificity of the IgG3 mAb, 2) no mAb other than those of the IgG3 subclass, including IgM rheumatoid factors (RF), generated cryoglobulins, and 3) the cryoglobulin activity was gained after the Ig class switch of mAb from IgM to IgG3. Analysis of Ig components in three different sources of cryoglobulins, either induced by the injection of bacterial LPS or by the infection with Plasmodium yoelii in BALB/c mice or developed spontaneously in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice, revealed the selective concentration of IgG3 in these cryoglobulins; greater than 99%, 73% and 58% of IgG recoverable from these three cryoglobulins, respectively, were IgG3. This further attests to the major role of IgG3 in the generation of cryoglobulins in mice. In addition, the enhanced formation and even induction of IgG3 cryoglobulins in the presence of IgM anti-IgG3 RF mAb, and the enrichment of IgM RF in LPS- or malaria-induced cryoglobulins indicated that IgM RF can be involved in the generation of cryoglobulins by interacting with noncryoprecipitable IgG3 as well as cryoprecipitable IgG3.
Animals↗
Rheumatoid factor autoantibody-binding site: a molecular analysis using monoclonal antibodies with dual anti-TNP and anti-IgG activities.
Two out of five murine IgG3 anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) obtained either by immunization with TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) (CB1, CB5, CB6 and 4H10) or with dinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (9A6), exhibited anti-IgG rheumatoid factor (RF) activity (CB6 and 4H10). The anti-IgG activity of these two anti-TNP RF was specifically inhibited by murine IgG as well as by the hapten TNP. In order to identify the structural basis for the anti-IgG activity, the nucleotide sequences encoding the VH and VL regions were determined. By comparing the V regions of the non-RF and RF anti-TNP mAb, it was found that one anti-TNP RF antibody, CB6, shares virtually identical VL and VH regions with two anti-TNP antibodies, CB1 and CB5, but markedly differs from these in the D region. Furthermore, the light chain framework region 2 (FR2) and FR3 of non-RF mAb, CB1, CB5 and 9A6, have amino acid sequences almost identical to those claimed for anti-IgG1 RF activity (Shlomchik et al., J. Exp. Med. 1986. 164: 407). Our findings suggest, at least in the case of CB6 mAb, the involvement of CDR, but not light chain FR residues, in IgG binding.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Differential effect of the autoimmune Yaa and lpr genes on the acceleration of lupus-like syndrome in MRL/MpJ mice.
The Yaa gene (Y chromosome-linked autoimmune acceleration), linked to the BXSB/MpJ Y chromosome, and the autosomal recessive lpr (lymphoproliferation) gene have been shown to accelerate the progression of the lupus-like autoimmune syndrome in the BXSB and MRL strains, respectively. To compare more directly the role of the Yaa and lpr genes in the development of the autoimmune syndrome, the Y chromosome of BXSB mice was transferred to MRL mice by backcross procedures, and the effect of the Yaa gene on the autoantibody formation and the development of lupus-like nephritis in MRL mice was investigated in comparison with those bearing the lpr mutation. The Yaa gene as well as the lpr gene were able to shorten the life span of MRL mice as a result of the accelerated development of lethal lupus-like nephritis. However, the acceleration promoted by the Yaa gene (50% mortality rate: 12 months) was less severe than that induced by the lpr gene (50% mortality rate: 7 months). This may be related to the finding that the lpr gene enhanced the production of a large spectrum of autoantibodies, including anti-DNA, rheumatoid factors and anti-gp70, and of cryoglobulins, whereas only anti-gp70 production among the autoantibodies studies was markedly enhanced by the Yaa gene. The selective autoimmune accelerating effect of the Yaa gene was similarly observed in (NZW X MRL)F1 hybrid mice. Our results suggest that the Yaa gene, unlike the lpr gene, exhibits selective autoimmune accelerating activity, but as a result of increased formation of certain nephritogenic autoantibodies such as anti-gp70 antibodies, the Yaa gene is able to accelerate the progression of lupus-like nephritis in lupus-prone mice.
Animals↗
A pre-operative chemoembolization therapy using lipiodol, cisplatin and gelatin sponge for hepatocellular carcinoma.
The significance of pre-operative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy using lipiodol, cisplatin and gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) for the prevention of the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was evaluated. On the 103 patients who underwent radical operations for HCC with a tumor size less than 10 cm, 52 patients received no pre-operative therapy (group C), and 51 patients received pre-operative chemoembolization using lipiodol, a chemotherapeutic agent and Gelfoam. Of these 51 patients, 37 patients received a combination of lipiodol, cisplatin and Gelfoam (group A), while the remaining 14 patients received lipiodol, adriamycin and Gelfoam (group B). The disease-free survival rates after surgery were compared between group A, group B and group C. The 2-year disease-free survival rates in group A, group B and group C were 72%, 46% and 54%, respectively. These rates therefore suggest that pre-operative chemoembolization using lipiodol, cisplatin and Gelfoam is a useful method to prevent the recurrence of HCC after surgery.
Adult↗
Chronic alcoholism and evolution of pain and prognosis in chronic pancreatitis.
To evaluate the influence of chronic alcoholism on clinical features of chronic pancreatitis in Japan, pain evolution, pancreatic insufficiency, and long-term prognosis were studied by comparing chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (N = 88) with idiopathic pancreatitis (N = 67). The 155 patients with known course of the disease over three years were followed-up further for five more years, and pain evolution was evaluated once at the start and once at the end of the follow-up period. At the time of diagnosis, severe pain (59 vs 33%, P less than 0.001), pancreatic calcification (63 vs 31%, P less than 0.001), advanced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (72 vs 60%, NS), and overt diabetes (48 vs 17%, P less than 0.001) were more common in alcoholic than in idiopathic pancreatitis, respectively. Pain evolution was similar in both pancreatitis, and the pain decreased with time. The rate of abstinence was higher in groups with pain relief than without in alcoholic pancreatitis. Cumulative mortality rate during the five years was higher in alcoholic than idiopathic pancreatitis (26 vs 10%, P less than 0.01). These results suggest more favorable evolution of the disease can be expected by abstinence from alcohol.
Adult↗
Serum insulin-like growth factor II in chronic liver disease.
Insulin-like growth factor II is secreted primarily by the liver and is reported to be transcribed in many primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) cell lines. We have studied diagnostic significance of serum IGF-II in chronic liver diseases using specific enzyme immunoassay. Serum IGF-II levels (mean +/- SE) were decreased in chronic hepatitis (538 +/- 51 ng/ml; N = 29), liver cirrhosis (427 +/- 45; 50) and PHC (260 +/- 41; 17) compared to controls (830 +/- 49; 57). Serum IGF-II was not different from controls in any of nonhepatic diseases such as diabetes (1032 +/- 97; 19) pancreatic cancer (1413 +/- 282; 8), chronic pancreatitis (999 +/- 126; 17), peptic ulcer (1186 +/- 43; 11), irritable bowel syndrome (1002 +/- 109; 12), gastrointestinal tract cancer (1250 +/- 216; 21) and chronic renal failure (733 +/- 135; 14). In liver diseases serum IGF-II showed a significant correlation with liver function test (negative with retention of indocyanine green and total bile acids; positive with albumin, thrombo-test, and cholinesterase). These results suggest that serum IGF-II reflects a reduced production of IGF-II in the liver and that it can be an index for the residual capacity of liver function.
Adult↗
Sphincter of Oddi response to caerulein after endoscopic sphincterotomy for papillary stenosis.
Using a percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) catheter, sphincter of Oddi motility was measured in a patient with papillary stenosis secondary to bile duct stones. Prior to sphincterotomy, intramuscular injection of 20 micrograms caerulein did not inhibit pathological contraction waves of the sphincter of Oddi or relieve abdominal pain. Endoscopic sphincterotomy of the lower segment of the sphincter of Oddi resulted in recovery of the normal response to caerulein, i.e. relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. This observation indicates that the pathological contraction and lack of relaxation to cholecystokinin in a patient with papillary stenosis is due to high common bile duct pressure. The measurement of motility of sphincter of Oddi via the PTCS route is useful in diagnosing motor disorders in the sphincter of Oddi and is helpful in deciding to perform endoscopic sphincterotomy.
Aged↗
Enzyme immunoassay for serum pancreatic lipase in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
To evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum immunoreactive lipase (IRL), serum lipase was determined using an enzyme immunoassay and a turbidimetric method along with total serum amylase in 41 healthy controls, 76 patients with pancreatic disease and 60 with nonpancreatic disease. Serum IRL was elevated in 12 of 13 patients with acute pancreatitis, 12 of 44 with chronic pancreatitis and in 12 of 19 with pancreatic cancer. The IRL was low in 9 of the 44 patients with chronic pancreatitis, which coincided with advanced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Overall sensitivities in pancreatic diseases were 59% for serum IRL, 38% for turbidimetric lipase and 51% for amylase, specificities in healthy controls and nonpancreatic diseases were 80% for serum IRL, 86% for turbidimetric lipase and 88% for serum amylase. Serum IRL determination is useful for diagnosis in pancreatic diseases when compared with the conventional determination of serum lipase.
Adult↗
Lipoprotein glomerulopathy: glomerular lipoprotein thrombi in a patient with hyperlipoproteinemia.
An unusual nephropathy presumably induced by abnormal lipid metabolism is described in a 57-year-old woman who presented with proteinuria and edema. Histology at renal biopsy was characterized by marked dilatation of capillary lumina. Sudan staining and electron microscopy demonstrated lipid droplets occupying the capillary lumina. The patient had no particular clinical symptoms of lipidosis, but hyperlipoproteinemia similar to type III was suggested by lipid profiles. The nephropathy is thought to be an inherited disorder because proteinuria was detected in her sisters and similar renal histology and lipid profile were observed in one of her sisters. This is believed to be the first detailed report of glomerular lipoprotein thrombi.
Adult↗
Measurement of postoperative intraocular lens tilting and decentration using Scheimpflug images.
A three-dimensional, in vivo method for determining the position of implanted intraocular lenses (IOLs) using an image-processing technique has been developed. Two images of the anterior segment of the eye with an implanted IOL were photographed with a Scheimpflug camera at slit-lamp angles of 90 degrees and 180 degrees. After geometrical correction, the contours of the original images were enhanced using binarization and curve-fitting techniques. These images afforded calculation of the angle of tilt of the IOL optic axis relative to a standard reference line which connected the center of anterior corneal surface curvature with the geometrical center of the pupil. The extent and direction of IOL decentration could also be shown. The IOL image in the posterior chamber was expressed as a wire-frame figure. This method provides several kinds of biometry in pseudophakic eyes.
Anterior Eye Segment↗
Ultrastructural changes in rat Clara cells induced by bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane.
Repeated oral administration of bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane to rats induced unusual ultrastructural changes in Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium, involving marked accumulation of electron-dense inclusion bodies with a lamellar structure in the cytoplasm. The appearance of the inclusion bodies was speculated to result from accumulation of complexes formed between the agent and phospholipids within lysosomes, a condition known as drug-induced lipidosis. This finding appeared noteworthy, since it might reflect high potential for metabolism of xenobiotic compounds in Clara cells.
Animals↗
The effect of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on the dynamic stiffness of rabbit papillary muscle.
The authors examined the effect of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on the dynamic stiffness of rabbit papillary muscles in Ba2+ contracture. Ca2+ was replaced by Ba2+ in order to constantly activate myofibrils. The dynamic stiffness of the contractured muscle was examined by exposing the muscle to sinusoidal length perturbations at frequencies of 0.05-30 Hz under two concentrations of anesthetic, approximately 0.5, and 1.5-2 mM, and at two Ba2+ concentrations, 0.5 and 1.5-2 mM. The anesthetics had no effect on the frequency (fmin) at which minimum stiffness occurred, but markedly decreased the stiffness modulus at high frequencies (Khi). The decrease in Khi was significant for all anesthetics at the P less than 0.05 level. Increasing the Ba2+ concentration from 0.5 to 1.5-2 mM in the presence of 0.5 mM of anesthetic resulted in a return of Khi to control levels. The authors conclude that halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane did not alter actin-myosin ATPase kinetics, because fmin was unchanged, but decreased the number of crossbridge interactions, because Khi was significantly decreased by all three anesthetics.
Animals↗
Urinary and serum zinc levels in chronic pancreatitis.
Urinary and serum zinc levels were determined in 51 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Urinary zinc excretion in patients with chronic calcified pancreatitis (832 +/- 111 micrograms/day) (mean +/- SE) but not in noncalcified pancreatitis (684 +/- 65 micrograms/day) was significantly higher than in normal controls (418 +/- 46 micrograms/day). The urinary zinc excretion increased with deterioration of exocrine pancreatic function. Serum zinc levels in advanced pancreatitis (105.9 +/- 4.5 micrograms/100 ml) were significantly higher when compared to the pancreatitis with normal exocrine pancreatic function (91.6 +/- 3.0 micrograms/100 ml), but the difference was less pronounced than for urinary zinc excretion. This may be due to complicating diabetes, which usually lowers serum zinc. Serum zinc and urinary zinc excretion were low in a patient with chronic calcified pancreatitis complicated with a pulmonary abscess and hypoalbuminemia. In conclusion, urinary and serum zinc levels in chronic pancreatitis were increased as a result of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Association of diabetes may lower serum zinc, and associated malnutrition depresses both urinary and serum zinc levels.
Adult↗
Gamna-Gandy bodies of the spleen: evaluation with MR imaging.
The authors retrospectively evaluated magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in 64 patients with portal hypertension. Multiple low-intensity nodules were noted within the spleen in eight patients. In all eight cases, these nodules were most apparent on images obtained with the GRASS (gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state) technique, which is known to be more sensitive to heterogeneity of the magnetic susceptibility, usually caused by hemosiderin deposition. In one of these cases, ultrasonography demonstrated diffuse hyperechoic spots that had been reported to represent Gamna-Gandy bodies of the spleen (ie, organized hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension). Although there was no pathologic proof in their series, the authors believe these low-intensity nodules seen on MR images may represent the hemosiderin deposits of Gamna-Gandy bodies.
Adult↗
A patch-clamp study: secretagogue-induced currents in rat peritoneal mast cells.
Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane has been considered to play a significant role in elevating cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations during stimulus-secretion coupling in mast cells, but electrophysiological evidence of the Ca2+ channels is lacking. We examined the properties of secretagogue (compound 48/80)-induced currents in rat peritoneal mast cells, using the patch-clamp technique. In the whole cell recordings, the addition of compound 48/80 induced transient currents that were suppressed by Cd or reduced by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). In Ringer solution containing 2 mM Ca2+, the current-voltage relation was fairly linear from -100 to 50 mV and the reversal potential was 14 +/- 10.1 mV (n = 9). When the external Ca2+ was approximately 1 microM, the compound 48/80-induced currents were marginal, but readmission of Ca2+ or Ba2+ to the bath solution led to an appearance of the currents. In the cell-attached patches, the stimulation enhanced the activity of inward current mediated by Ba2+. The unitary inward Ba2+ current was characterized by the unitary conductance of 10.5 +/- 2.0 pS (n = 10) with isotonic BaCl2 pipette solution, the extrapolated reversal potential of 60.7 +/- 16.0 mV (n = 10) positive to the resting membrane potentials. The percent open time of the inward Ba2+ current channel was not appreciably changed by voltage. In some whole cell recordings, an increase in openings of the cation-selective channel (20-45 pS) was identified in the stimulated cells. When the external Na+ was completely replaced by choline+, the compound 48/80-induced currents had a fairly linear current-voltage relation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Strong delayed-type hypersensitivity induced against house dust mite antigens in the mice.
The aim of this study was to assess the antigenicity of house dust mite antigens using delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in mice. The crude extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae induced strong DTH responses and was transferred with T cells. Assessment of DTH responses to the house dust revealed that substantial cross-reactivity at T-cell level was observed between these two mite extracts. Almost all the fractions of the extract of D. pteronyssinus, which has a molecular weight of between 10 and 100 kilodaltons, elicited strong DTH responses. It was found that antigenicity of the mite extract was reduced by chemical denaturation with tannic acid.
Allergens↗