Experimental study of urinary vesical transplantation.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
T Satoh
Publications and source records attributed to T Satoh.
[Study on the formation of experimental infected rabbit].
The purpose of the present study is to produce a model of infections of oral cavity by inducing abscess in the mandibla of New Zealand White rabbits as close to the oral cavity infection site as possible in order to determine whether the administered antimicrobial agents will transfer to the localized inflammatory foci. The pus to be collected should be 0.5 to 1.0g or more to permit bioassay and it should be collectable under nearly uniform conditions at all times. New Zealand White rabbit was the experimental animal used, in which anesthesia was induced intraperitoneally to expose the mandibula. A hole was made in the mandibula, into which a small cotton pellet inoculated with Streptococcus milleri and Bacteroides fragilis, whose cell concentrations had been adjusted to 10(8)CFU/ml, was implanted and the opening was carefully closed with sutures tightly. These two species of bacteria had been selected because mixtures of gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria have been isolated in most cases from the occluded abscess of oral cavity infections. As a result of the above procedure, it was found that one week after production of the infected model animal, the abscess contained adequate volume of, pus for collection and demonstrated viability of the two transplanted species of bacteria. This animal model was considered an ideal model for use in the studies on treatment of infections in the oral cavity by administering antimicrobial agents to determine the extent of drug transfer into the pus and bones where purulent foci are present.
Abscess↗
[Bone and suppurative lesion distribution of antimicrobial agents (ampicillin and ofloxacin) in experimental infected rabbits].
Using Streptococcus milleri and Bacteroides fragilis in the mandibula of the domestic rabbit, a jaw-bone infected model was prepared; ampicillin (ABPC) a penicillin derivative and ofloxacin (OFLX) a pyridonecarboxylic acid derivative, were administered orally, injected intramuscularly, or infused intravenously; their concentration in the pus, mandibula, supramaxilla, humerus, femur, sternum, ilium and serum were measured. Pharmacokinetic studies compared the penetration. (1) By oral administration, the maximum ABPC concentration in the pus and bone tissues was 5.9 to 34.3% of the serum, by intramuscular injection 10.4 to 27.5% and by i.v. infusion 12.1 to 42.4%. (2) The maximum concentration of orally administered OFLX in the pus and bone tissues was 52.5 to 111.7% of the serum, by intramuscular injection 56.4 to 100.3% and by i.v. infusion 61.2 to 121.8%. (3) When administered orally, injected intramuscularly, or infused intravenously ABPC showed good penetration into the pus, mandibula and ilium, and OFLX into the pus, sternum and ilium. When infused intravenously, OFLX in the pus and bone tissues was higher than the MIC of both strains. (4) When ABPC was administered as under 3 routes, T1/2 was longer in the pus and most bone tissues than in the serum. T1/2 of OFLX was shorter in most bone tissues by all administration routes than in serum, T1/2 was longer for OFLX than for ABPC, except when orally administered. (5) AUC of ABPC was in the order of intravenous infusion, intramuscular injection and oral administration. About the same AUC of OFLX was shown after i.v. infusion and i.m. injection, both values being about double after oral administration. In all administration routes, AUC of pus surpassed AUC of serum and AUC of OFLX greatly surpassed that of ABPC.
Ampicillin↗
[The alterations of serum colloid osmotic pressure, serum protein and water balance during prolonged anesthesia].
The changes of serum colloid osmotic pressure (COPm), serum protein and water balance were examined in 9 patients during and for 2 weeks after operation which required prolonged anesthesia. The values of serum total protein (TP), serum albumin (Alb) and COPm decreased by about 17% three hours after the start of anesthesia and by 15%, 20% and 24%, respectively, after 18 hours. These values returned to each preoperative value about one week after the operation. The correlation coefficients (the values in parentheses were calculated using data obtained during anesthesia) comparing COPm to TP, Alb and calculated colloid osmotic pressure (Landis' equation) were 0.661 (0.710), 0.480 (0.649) and 0.666 (0.727). There was no correlation between COPm and water balance. When COPm was 17.5mmHg or lower, calculated colloid osmotic pressure value was higher than COPm as the Alb/TP ratio decreased. Decreases in the values of COPm and serum protein during operation were considered to have been caused mainly by increased capillary permeability.
Anesthesia↗
Alpha 1-antitrypsin and hepatic fibrosis.
The administration of alpha 1-antitrypsin, both sialo and asialo types, to rats with chronic liver injury accelerated hepatic fibrosis. More fibrosis was seen histologically and the amount of hydroxyproline in the liver increased. Moreover, the growth of HEL cells (human embryonal lung fibroblast) in culture was promoted by alpha 1-antitrypsin though the action of the asialo type was very weak by contrast with the sialo type.
Animals↗
The study on cell surface antigens in epithelial tumor of the upper urinary tract: ABH-isoantigen and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen.
ABH-isoantigen (ABH-Ag) and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-Ag) were investigated by the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (ABC) method on 47 patients with epithelial tumor of the upper urinary tract (all patients underwent nephroureterectomy including the cuff of the bladder; 30 patients were diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis and 17 ureteral organs). The correlations between ABC expression for ABH-Ag and T-Ag with histological grade, stage and prognosis (5 year survival rate) were studied. A correlation was observed between grade (p less than 0.05) and deletion of the antigenicity of ABH-Ag, but no correlation was evident with stage and prognosis. A high correlation was evident, however, between grade (p less than 0.01), stage (p less than 0.01) and prognosis (p less than 0.01) and deletion of the antigenicity of T-Ag. The analysis of ABC expression for ABH-Ag and T-Ag may therefore be valuable for predicting the malignant potential in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. T-Ag determination in particular may provide a useful prognostic probe should it find clinical application.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
[Long ureteral polyp: a case report].
A case of long ureteral polyp is presented. The patient was a 62-year-old woman complaining of asymptomatic macrohematuria. Radiological examinations revealed ureteral tumor. A tumor was found with cystoendoscopy, and by transurethral biopsy in bladder the tumor was not malignant. Polypectomy was performed. The tumor removed was fibrous polyp measuring about 8 cm in length.
Female↗
[A case of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis showing spontaneous recovery].
A 37-year-old woman was admitted with fever and cough. The chest roentgenogram revealed a solitary large round mass in the right lower lung field. Diagnosis was made by transbronchial lung biopsy. There was no evidence of abnormal cell-mediated immunity. The patient made an uneventful recovery and the chest X-ray showed progressive clearing without specific therapy. After 6 months, the mass lesion disappeared. This case suggests that specific therapy may not be necessary for all cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis.
Adult↗
[A case of retrocecal appendicitis occurrence during effective chemotherapy in lung cancer].
Reported is the case of 61-year-old male patient who developed an abscess, secondary to a ruptured retrocecal appendicitis, while undergoing effective chemotherapy for lung cancer. Patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy are especially susceptible to infectious complications because chemotherapy can cause myelosuppression. To our knowledge, has been no previous reported case of retrocecal appendicitis occurring during chemotherapy for the lung cancer. Retrocecal appendicitis is a dangerous form of complication occurring in patients being treated with chemotherapeutic drugs.
Abscess↗
Dog liver glutathione S-transferase and its strong immunoreactivity with rat transferase-P(7-7).
Dog liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were investigated to characterize their properties in comparison with rat liver transferases. Dog liver GSTs after the glutathione affinity column chromatography showed three subunit bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These three subunits, designated as Yd1 (mol.wt 26,000), Yd2 (mol.wt 27,000) and Yd3 (mol.wt 28,000), were distinctly different from rat liver GST subunits, i.e. Ya(1) (mol.wt 26,500), Yb1(3)/Yb2(4) (mol.wt 27,500) and Yc(2) (mol.wt 28,500). Western blot analysis revealed that Yd1, Yd2 and Yd3 were immunoreacted with anti-rat GST 7-7, 1-1 and 3-3 antibodies, respectively. Four transferase activity fractions, I (pH greater than 7.63), II (pH 6.92), III (pH 5.80) and IV (pH 5.65), were obtained from affinity purified GSTs by chromatofocusing. Each fraction exhibited a characteristic substrate specificity. GST-II, III and IV were all strongly immunoreacted with anti-rat GST 7-7 antibody by immunoblotting, thus suggesting the occurrence of the heterogeneity of transferases immunologically related to rat GST subunit 7 in dog liver. Immunohistochemical examination showed that transferases immunoreacted with anti-GST 7-7 antibody have diffusely distributed throughout the lobule, while enzymes related to subunit 3 have been localized in a narrow range of cells around the central vein. These data suggest that GSTs immunologically associated with rat transferase subunit 7 may be major forms in dog liver.
Animals↗
Regulation of metabolism and contraction by cytoplasmic calcium in the intestinal smooth muscle.
Reduced pyridine nucleotides (PNred) and oxidized flavoproteins (FPox) were measured fluorometrically in the intestinal smooth muscle strip of guinea pig taenia caeci simultaneously with contractile tension. Cytoplasmic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]cyt) were also measured by a fura-2-Ca2+ fluorescence technique. PNred, FPox, and [Ca2+]cyt increased during spontaneous contraction or upon the addition of high K+ or carbachol and decreased upon the removal of these stimulants. [Ca2+]cyt increased before the increase in muscle tension. PNred increased almost simultaneously with or immediately after the onset of contraction, while FPox increased before the initiation of contraction. Both PNred and FPox decreased a few seconds after the initiation of relaxation. In the K+-depolarized, Ca2+-depleted muscle, graded elevation of external Ca2+ increased PNred, FPox, and muscle tension. The sensitivity to Ca2+ was in the order of FPox greater than PNred greater than muscle tension. Changes in PNred were inhibited when glycolysis was inhibited by substitution of external glucose with oxaloacetate, pyruvate, or beta-hydroxybutylate, but not when oxidative phosphorylation was inhibited by N2 bubbling or by NaCN. In contrast to this, changes in the FPox were inhibited by N2 bubbling or NaCN, but not by the inhibition of glycolysis. These results suggest that an elevation of intracellular Ca2+ activates carbohydrate metabolism and contractile elements independently, resulting in the reduction of cytoplasmic pyridine nucleotides, oxidation of mitochondrial flavoproteins, and development of tension in the intestinal smooth muscle.
Anaerobiosis↗
Analysis of guanine nucleotide bound to ras protein in PC12 cells.
The ras gene product (p21) specifically binds GDP or GTP. In analogy with the reaction mechanism of other GTP-binding proteins, only the GTP-bound conformation is believed to be the biologically active one. Previously, we reported that not only oncogenic p21(Val-12) but also proto-oncogenic p21(Gly-12) could induce morphological differentiation in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells when microinjected in the complexed form with GTP gamma S [(1987) Mol. Cell. Biol. 7, 4553-4556]. In the present report we transformed PC12 cells with the oncogenic ras gene placed under the metallothionein I promoter. It was found that the transformed cells, when induced with Cd2+, differentiated in the absence of NGF. Then we analyzed the guanine nucleotide bound to p21 in the intact PC12 cells. It was found that conditionally induced p21(Val-12) was mostly present in the GTP-bound form, whereas the endogenous p21(Gly-12) was in the GDP-bound form. These results indicate again that p21.GTP induces the morphological differentiation of PC12 cells.
Animals↗
Differences in the induction of carboxylesterase isozymes in rat liver microsomes by xenobiotics.
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Animals↗
Activation of a brain-specific protein kinase C subspecies in the presence of phosphatidylethanol.
Protein kinase C (PKC) is normally activated by diacylglycerol in the presence of Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. At physiological concentrations of Ca2+, however, phosphatidylethanol, a product of the phospholipase D-catalyzed transphosphatidylation reaction between membrane phospholipids and ethanol, can replace phosphatidylserine, and activate PKC. This mode of activation is most effective for the gamma-subspecies, which is expressed only in central nervous tissue. Phosphatidylmethanol is also effective to some extent. Consideration of these results suggests the possibility that ethanol may exert some effect on signal transduction in this tissue via changes in protein phosphorylation.
Animals↗
Studies on ras proteins. Catalytic properties of normal and activated ras proteins purified in the absence of protein denaturants.
Normal (Gly12) and activated (Val12) Ha-ras proteins were produced in Escherichia coli, and purified to an apparent homogeneity without using any protein denaturants. The purified proteins contained an equimolar amount of GDP. They were stable in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ and 25% (v/v) glycerol when incubated at 60 degrees C for 5 min. The binding of GDP to the protein was greatly stabilized by Mg2+. In the presence of 10 mM Mg2+, the bound GDP hardly exchanged with external guanine nucleotides, even at 30 degrees C. The exchange reaction was markedly enhanced in the presence of 10 mM EDTA or 120 mM ammonium sulfate. The rate-limiting step of the exchange reaction was the dissociation of the bound GDP from the ras protein, and this step was facilitated 40- to 100-fold by the addition of EDTA or ammonium sulfate. The dissociation rate of the normal (Gly12) ras protein was 2- to 3-fold faster than that of the activated (Val12) protein. The dissociation constants (Kd) for GDP of the normal and activated ras proteins were 1.2 X 10(-8) and 3.1 X 10(-9) M, respectively. The overall turnover rate of GTPase activity of the normal ras protein (10.8 mmol.mol-1.min-1) was about 10-fold higher than that of the activated protein (1.1 mmol.mol-1.min-1) in the absence of Mg2+ (less than 10(-8) M).
Base Sequence↗
Potassium-ion activity in the trigeminal central nervous complex during tooth pulp-evoked slow mass potentials.
Following electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp, extracellular K+ activity was enhanced by up to 0.1 mM only in the trigeminal motor nucleus which gave a positive slow mass potential (SMP) of low amplitude. No nuclear region giving a positive or negative SMP of high amplitude showed any detectable change. There are possible generation mechanisms of the negative and positive SMP.
Animals↗
Arteriosclerotic change in the human abdominal aorta in vivo in relation to coronary heart disease and risk factors.
In 137 living subjects, arteriosclerotic change in the human abdominal aorta was examined in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) using a new ultrasonic method. The pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) was calculated as an index of elastic properties from which arteriosclerotic change in the aorta was estimated. Thirty-one patients with CHD and 36 subjects with hypertension showed progression of the arteriosclerotic change in the abdominal aorta compared with 70 normal controls with the same age distribution (40-60 yrs). The Ep values were 1.03 +/- 0.27 X 10(6) dyne/cm2 in the normal group, and were elevated significantly (P less than 0.001) to 1.81 +/- 0.55 X 10(6) dyne/cm2 in the CHD group, and 1.95 +/- 1.31 X 10(6) dyne/cm2 in the hypertensive group. A significant correlation (r = 0.49, P less than 0.01) between the Ep values of the abdominal aorta and serum total cholesterol was observed in the CHD group. It was shown in living human subjects that the progression of arteriosclerotic change in the abdominal aorta was associated with coronary heart disease, and that some coronary risk factors, such as hypertension and serum total cholesterol, also affected arteriosclerotic change in the abdominal aorta.
Aorta, Abdominal↗
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous and intracoronary administration of atrial natriuretic peptide in halothane anesthetized dogs.
Cardiovascular actions of synthetic 1-28 human natriuretic peptides (hANP) were examined in dogs anesthetized with halothane. In seven closed-chest dogs a Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted for measurement of cardiac output. Intravenous infusion of increasing doses of hANP (0.1, 0.3, 0.9 microgram/kg/min) lowered mean aortic pressure without affecting heart rate significantly. Cardiac output and pulmonary wedge pressure were markedly decreased while total peripheral resistance was increased significantly. All these parameters returned to control levels after 1 hr of recovery with an 100-150ml of saline infusion to increase pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to the preinfusion value. Intracoronary infusion of hANP (0.05 and 0.1 microgram/kg/min) did not cause any significant changes in coronary flow and regional contraction. These results indicate that the hypotensive action of hANP is due to a decrease in cardiac output mediated by reduced preload but not by negative inotropic action.
Anesthesia↗