Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Satoh.
A new follicular cyst was reported. The lower part of the cyst wall was composed of both basophilic and shadow cells as seen in pilomatricoma, whereas the upper part of the wall consisted of clear cells. Our case apparently derives from hair matrix and outer root sheath.
1. Experiments were conducted to examine the possibility that the taste-sensitive neurons with similar taste-selectivity are preferentially innervated by common driving neurons whose taste-selectivity is also similar. 2. Multiple microelectrodes, in most cases a pair of glued electrodes, were inserted into the unilateral solitary tract nucleus (NTS) of the rat, and simultaneous recordings were made in neuron pairs responding to the four basic taste stimuli. The spike response density (RD) of each neuron during tastant stimulation was determined. Correlation coefficients of spike occurrence were calculated for each neuron pair during application of tastants and distilled water and also during spontaneous background activity. The frequency of correlated discharge (FC) of a neuron pair was measured as the area of the peak appearing on the cross-correlogram (CC). The FC value was divided by the RD value to calculate the weight of the correlated discharges in the output of each neuron (WC value). 3. Eleven pairs showed peaks in the CC constructed during tastant stimulation, whereas in other 11 pairs no peaks were found. The cross-correlation-positive group with peaks was composed of 18 NaCl-best (responding most vigorously to NaCl) and 4 HCl-best neurons, whereas the negative group without peaks included 9 NaCl-best, 9 HCl-best, and 4 sucrose-best neurons. 4. In the cross-correlation-positive pairs the taste quality most effective for one of the component neurons was often (13 NaCl-best and 2 HCl-best, 15/22 = 0.681) identical to the taste quality giving the highest probability of correlated discharge, i.e., highest FC value, in the neuron pair. 5. There were five cross-correlation-positive pairs (5/11 = 0.455) in which both of the component neurons were NaCl-best and the FC value was highest during NaCl stimulation. 6. The CCs constructed during water application exhibited peaks for all the pairs which gave positive cross-correlation in response to stimulation with tastants, whereas all pairs with negative cross-correlation during tastant stimulation never gave a detectable peak during water application. 7. In three pairs of the cross-correlation-positive group, the CCs constructed during spontaneous background activity without application of any liquid showed a small peak. 8. During NaCl stimulation some neurons exhibited relatively high FC values, but the WC values were always low. In contrast, during sucrose stimulation, the FC value was always low, but the WC value was quite high in some neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in rat adrenal chromaffin and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy using monoclonal and polyclonal antisera against TH purified from rat adrenal medulla. Strong TH immunoreactivity was found uniformly in the granules of the adrenaline cells; the immunoreactivity was visible mainly within the periphery, but not in the clear space of the granules of the noradrenaline cells. In the PC12 cells, strong TH immunoreactivity was also observed uniformly in the granules. In addition, TH immunoreactivity was seen in the cytoplasm, the ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and the free ribosomes of both the rat adrenal chromaffin and PC12 cells. These results suggest that TH may be localized in the granules, cytoplasm and ribosomes of rat adrenal chromaffin and PC12 cells.
The sera from two patients with chronic neutropenia in infancy were examined for the presence of antineutrophil antibodies and their specificity against neutrophil antigen by using granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test and microleukocyte agglutination test. In the microleukocyte agglutination test, the patients' sera reacted with neutrophils from their parents and normal unrelated donors having the neutrophil antigen NA1, but not with neutrophils from NA1- donors. After the absorption of patients' sera with NA1+ neutrophils, the antibody activity was completely abolished, resulting in the confirmation of the anti-NA1 antibody. In contrast, the granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test showed positive reactions against both NA1+ and NA1- neutrophils, and the specificity for anti-NA1 was found in the results of the sera absorbed with NA1+ neutrophils. This suggested that the absorption experiment might be necessary to determine the specificity of the antibody for neutrophil antigen. Thus, we confirmed two cases with autoimmune neutropenia caused by anti-NA1 antibody. A combination of agglutination and immunofluorescence techniques would be recommended for investigation of neutrophil antibodies against the neutrophil-specific antigen.
The PRL-inhibiting and ovulation-inducing effects of hydergine were studied in 18 patients with hyperprolactinemic ovulatory disturbances. The women were divided into 2 groups of 9 each. Those in group A had basal serum PRL levels higher than 100 micrograms/L, and those in group B had basal serum PRL levels lower than 100 micrograms/L. Serum PRL levels in both groups were determined before and hourly for 8 h after a single oral dose of either 2 mg hydergine or placebo. Hydergine induced a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the serum PRL level, compared with placebo, in both groups. The fall in mean serum PRL in group A was significant (P less than 0.05) 300 min after hydergine administration, and the concentration remained low at 480 min, at 45.5% of the mean baseline value. However, the serum PRL concentration did not reach the normal PRL range in any group A patient. Chronic treatment with this drug (2 mg, 3 times daily, for 4-12 weeks) in 5 patients from group A normalized the serum PRL concentration in only 1 patient and did not induce ovulation in any patient. In group B, also, hydergine administration significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the mean serum PRL concentration within 240 min, and it declined further to within the normal range. The mean maximal reduction was to 56.4% of the baseline value at 360 min. All of the group B women received chronic treatment (2 mg, 3 times daily, for 4-104 weeks); repeated ovulation was induced in 7 (78%). Seven pregnancies ensued in 6 of the women in whom ovulation had been induced, and 4 normal infants were delivered. There were no side-effects, such as nausea and vomiting, during these trials. These data indicate that hydergine has PRL inhibitory activity and is useful in the treatment of hyperprolactinemic anovulatory patients whose basal serum PRL concentrations are below 100 micrograms/L.
A new endothelial cell growth factor (f-ECGF) was partially purified from the cultured medium of human fibroblast cells of embryonic lungs. The partially purified f-ECGF induced neovascularization in rabbit cornea. It showed a selective growth stimulatory activity on the endothelial cells in vitro, whereas acidic- and basic-fibroblast growth factors (a- and b-FGFs) showed a broad spectrum of growth stimulation among tissues or cells. f-ECGF did not compete with the binding of a-FGF to the cell surface receptor in HEP-G2 hepatoblastoma cell lines. These results indicated that f-ECGF is a new endothelial cell growth factor distinct from a- and b-FGFs which are known to be potent endothelial cell growth factors.
Four metabolites of menaquinone-4 [MQ-4] were isolated from rat urine, bile and liver. From rat urine following intravenous or oral administration of [14C]MQ-4, two major metabolites were isolated and their aglycones were identified as 2-methyl-3-(5'-carboxy-3'-methyl-2'-pentyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone [K acid 1] and 3-(3'-carboxybutyl)-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone [K acid 2]. The aglycone of a third minor metabolite isolated from bile was tentatively identified as 2-methyl-3-(15'-carboxy-3',7',11'-trimethyl-2',6',10', 14'-hexadecatetranyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone [MQ-4-COOH]. The structures of the three aglycones, which were excreted into the urine or bile mainly as glucuronide conjugates, indicated that oxidative degradation of the alkyl side chain of MQ-4 had occurred by omega- and beta-oxidation. In addition, 2,3-epoxy-MQ-4 was identified in the liver of rats which were pretreated with warfarin and then dosed with [14C]MQ-4.
In the dark phase, the effects of the psychotropic drugs on the contents of melatonin, serotonin (5-HT) and N-acetylserotonin (NAS) in rat pineal gland were examined. The pineal gland was removed at a certain period of time after subcutaneous injection of the drugs. 5-HT, NAS and melatonin contents in the pineal gland were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. A dose-dependent decrease was observed for melatonin content in the administration of diazepam (DZP), hydroxyzine (HYZ), chlorpromazine (CPZ) or haloperidol (HPD). When imipramine (IPM) or amitriptyline (APL) was given to rats, pineal 5-HT content was significantly decreased. On the other hand, the administration of IPM or APL caused increases in pineal NAS and melatonin. Furthermore, the administration of phenytoin (PYT) revealed no changes in the content of pineal indoleamines. These results suggest that the psychotropic drugs widely used in clinical applications could cause significant changes in pineal indoleamine content.
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are one of the important enzymes in terms of not only drug metabolism but also physiological functions. The marked sex difference in GST activity has been found in rat and mouse liver cytosol, and such differences in rat liver are suggested to be primarily due to the differences in the subunit composition of GSTs in both sexes. In addition, GST activities of rat liver cytosol are known to be largely influenced by treatment with inducers such as phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene and various hormones. GSTs are widely distributed in mammalian species, and multiplicity of GST has been demonstrated so far. The present review also describes multiple forms of GST from the viewpoint of enzymology and immunology.
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Exposure evaluation is an essential facet in the assessment of the risks of exposure to toxic materials in the workplace. Presently, samples from the breathing atmosphere are measured in order to determine the level of individual exposure to toxic substances. This method, however, does not take into account the level of physical exertion during exposure. Physical activity is known to increase pulmonary ventilation by up to 10 times that of the level at rest. Thus, measurement of pulmonary ventilation, as well as the concentration of a toxic material in the air would provide valuable data in evaluating exposure. We have developed a device that measures and records the concentration of a toxic material in the air and pulmonary ventilation as predicted by heart rate both simultaneously and continuously. In this system, real time pulmonary ventilation is predicted from heart rate by using a regression equation that was obtained from the results of our study. The percentage error of predicted pulmonary ventilation at each heart rate is within 30%. The present study assessed the feasibility of the use of heart rate as the predictor of pulmonary ventilation. Our new exposure monitoring system is the first practical device that monitors the level of exposure dependent upon pulmonary ventilation and will be useful in the reevaluation of threshold limit values (TLV's) and in working management.
1. The metabolic fate of loxistatin, ethyl-(+)-(2S,3S)-3-[(S)-3-methyl-1-(3-methyl- butylcarbamoyl)butylcarbamoyl]-2-oxiranecarboxylate, was studied in rats. 2. Following oral administration of 14C-loxistatin the major part of radioactivity was eliminated via the bile into the faeces. 3. The major metabolites in bile were isolated and identified as glutathione and cysteine conjugates of loxistatin acid, by chromatography, proton n.m.r. spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and comparison with those of the authentic reference compounds. 4. Formation of the glutathuone conjugate was also demonstrated in vitro by incubation of 14C-loxistatin acid with rat liver cytosol and glutathione.
In order to evaluate the factors affecting patient survival, 32 patients with a solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) smaller than 5 cm have been studied. Most patients were diagnosed as having a HCC during the periodic follow-up examinations for their underlying liver disease. For HCCs smaller than 2 cm, ultrasonography demonstrated the highest detection rate compared with CT and angiography. In patients with tumors larger than 2 cm, a portal vein thrombus and/or satellite tumors were frequently recognized, resulting in a lower patient survival rate when compared to those with a smaller HCC. Results have indicated that early detection of such tumors without a portal vein thrombus and/or a satellite tumor, and an adequate hepatic resection, such as segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy, are most important factors HCC patient survival.
It is well established that a large dose of atracurium (more than twice ED95) produces significant release of histamine in the blood accompanying hypotension but recovery to control level within a few minutes after the administration of atracurium. We speculated that laudanosine, a metabolite of atracurium may play an important role in preventing this cardiovascular disaster due to histamine release. From this concept, we investigated the effect of laudanosine on the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine in dogs, anesthetized with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. Two different doses of laudanosine (1 microgram.kg-1 and 10 micrograms.kg-1) were selected and serum catecholamine levels were measured with HPLC in six dogs. Intravenous injection of 1.0 microgram.kg-1 laudanosine increased NE level from 0.11 +/- 0.03ng.ml-1 to 0.13 +/- 0.04ng.ml-1 at 3 minutes after the injection. Blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure and central venous pressure did not change significantly. The intravenous injection of 10 micrograms.kg-1 laudanosine increased NE level from 0.09 +/- 0.02ng.ml-1 to 0.14 +/- 0.02ng.ml-1 at 1 minutes after the injection, but there was no remarkable cardiovascular effect. From this study we conclude that the intravenous injection of laudanosine increased serum NE level, but there was no significant hemodynamic change in the dogs.
Since first reported by Montgomery in 1927, ossifying fibroma, a benign neoplasm of bone or bone tissue, has been the subject of numerous studies. In the present paper, a case of ossifying fibroma in a woman is presented. The woman was 49 years old. She visited our clinic with a complaint of swelling in the right maxillary region. Thorough examinations were conducted. From X-ray, CT, scintigraphy and biopsy findings, the case was diagnosed as ossifying fibroma. Under a general anesthetic, the tumor was extirpated. It measured 40 x 40 x 60mm. It's weight, including that of teeth, was 60.5 g. Histopathological examination revealed fibroblasts and hard, bone-like masses of varying shapes in the connective tissue. Nearly one year has elapsed since the surgical operation. The patient is doing well. Since 1957, a total of 107 cases of ossifying fibroma have been reported in Japan. The ages of the patients were mostly between 10 and 49. By sex, 42 were male and 65 female. By region, in 28 case, fibroma occurred in the maxillary part, 68 in the mandibular part, and 11 in the region extending from maxillary to mandibular area. More 70% of the cases were fibroma originating in the molar area.
One monoclonal antibody (BIF6) directed against Bacteroides intermedius Group I was developed by hybridoma technology. In the present study, we used culture medium from BIF6 antibody-producing cells to characterize the antibody. Its reactivity against B. intermedius (Group I, II), B. gingivalis, B. corporis, B. melaninogenicus, B. loescheii, and B. asaccharolyticus was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BIF6 monoclonal antibody specifically reacted with B. intermedius Group I, but not with B. intermedius Group II. Also, the BIF6 did not react with other black-pigmented Bacteroides. Since BIF6 antibody reacted with some clinical isolates from subgingival plaques of adult periodontal patients, we suggest that this antibody may be useful as a tool in the clinic to identify B. intermedius Group I. Specific antigen of B. intermedius Group I recognized by BIF6 antibody was located on the outer membrane of the organism. And the specific antigen was inactivated by treatment for 20 min at 80 degrees C and at pH2 and 12. Also the antigen was sensitive to trypsin treatment.