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Biomedical subjects

T Sano

Publications and source records attributed to T Sano.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma with histiocytic phenotypes.

A 38 year old man died suddenly of widespread lymphoid neoplasm after a short clinical course. Histologically the tumor was composed of pleomorphic large cells that often demonstrated phagocytic activity. Moreover, histochemical and immunohistochemical tests revealed that the tumor cells had the phenotypes of both anaplastic large cell lymphoma and histiocytic cells. Immunogenotyping failed to demonstrate any lymphoid nature. This case might be categorized as anaplastic large cell lymphoma with histiocytic phenotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Morphometric analysis of gastric adenoma and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma as a basis for microscopic discrimination.

Morphometric analyses were performed on 11 cases of well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma and six cases of gastric adenoma. The values for the mean nuclear area (AN), the index for roundness of the nucleus (FX), and the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (N/C) were larger in the carcinoma group than in the adenoma group (P < 0.01; t-test). The value of nuclear numerical density (NA) was larger in the adenoma group than in the carcinoma group (P < 0.01; t-test). There was an overlap between the N/C ratio in the carcinoma and adenoma groups. It was concluded that roundness and enlargement of the nucleus, and a low nuclear density are important prerequisites for distinguishing the common type of adenocarcinomas from adenomas. An additional morphometric analysis was performed on seven cases of mucosal carcinoma. A three-dimensional discriminant analysis using AN, FX and NA revealed that of these seven cases, three were consistent with the carcinoma group while one case was consistent with the adenoma group. The remaining three cases were judged as borderline.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Morphological alterations of glomerulus induced by infusion of cationized ferritin.

Morphological alterations of the glomerulus were induced by infusion of cationized ferritin. After a direct injection of highly cationized ferritin (CF) into the left kidney of rats, endothelial injuries were followed by activation of platelets and the coagulation system after 1-2 h, which occluded capillary loops. In most glomeruli, resolving processes occurred from 2 h onward, leaving a mild thickening of the mesangial region at 7 days. On the other hand, in severely involved glomeruli, capillary loops were still obstructed even at 24 h by hypertrophic and proliferated endothelial cells as well as mesangial cells, instead of platelets and fibrin strands. After this period, exfoliation of podocytes and endothelial cells occurred over a wide area, which resulted in glomerular obsolescence at 7 days. These progressive glomerular injuries were assumed to be closely related to the persistence of CF in glomeruli, which might be caused by disturbances of glomerular clearing systems. Mild proteinuria was only noticed in severely involved cases. It is concluded that an assault on glomerular endothelial cells by cationic macro-molecules can cause thrombotic complications leading to glomerular obsolescence.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical comparison between anaplastic seminoma and typical seminoma.

In order to study the possible biological differences between anaplastic and typical seminoma, the following factors were studied in 11 cases of anaplastic seminoma and 15 cases of typical seminoma: mitotic activity, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, immunohistochemical analyses for cytokeratin, vimentin, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and c-myc oncoprotein. Anaplastic seminoma was classified according to Mostofi's criteria, which is primarily based on the mitotic activity of the tumor. Mitotic activity was evaluated by both mitotic count and rate. Statistically significant correlations were observed between mitotic count and mitotic rate (R = 0.891), and between the mitotic count and PCNA labeling index (R = 0.792), in both typical and anaplastic seminomas. Immunostaining patterns for cytokeratin, vimentin, PLAP, beta-hCG, AFP and c-myc oncoprotein were not significantly different between typical and anaplastic seminoma. The present data indicated that no apparent clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical parameters discerning anaplastic seminoma from typical seminoma were present, when identifying anaplastic seminoma on the basis of high mitotic count. Anaplastic seminoma may therefore simply represent seminoma with high proliferative activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Early stage of development in testicular choriocarcinomas.

Choriocarcinoma is the most malignant among germ cell tumors in the testis. However little is known about the early stage of its development. To understand the development of testicular choriocarcinomas, twenty cases of testicular choriocarcinoma were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. It was found that in the early stage of development, choriocarcinomas imitate the morphologic or functional differentiation of normal trophoblasts. It was also found that some choriocarcinomas regress spontaneously in the early stage. The majority of choriocarcinomas seemed to develop by first going through the embryonal carcinoma phase. However, there were some choriocarcinomas that showed no relationship with embryonal carcinoma.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Long-term effect of acarbose on glycaemic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled double-blind study.

The efficacy and safety of acarbose therapy (100 mg tds for 24 weeks) was investigated in a placebo-controlled double-blind study in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who could not achieve satisfactory glycaemic control by diet alone. In the acarbose group, the 2 h postprandial blood glucose and haemoglobin A1 levels decreased significantly from 14.0 mmol l-1 to 11.3 mmol l-1 and from 11.1% to 9.7%, respectively. In the placebo group, the 2 h postprandial blood glucose (14.4 mmol l-1 to 14.2 mmol l-1) and the hemoglobin A1 level (10.3% to 9.9%) showed no significant changes. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and after the study, the difference not being significant in either the acarbose group or the placebo group. The incidence of side-effects (mainly gastrointestinal symptoms such as flatulence and abdominal distension) was high at 78.9% in the acarbose group and 61.1% in the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference between the groups, and side-effects in the acarbose group tapered during the trial, suggesting that some at least were not related to the drug. From these findings, it was concluded that acarbose is an effective new treatment for diet treated non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1993

The effect of acarbose on blood glucose profiles of type 2 diabetic patients receiving insulin therapy.

Nine patients with Type 2 diabetes receiving insulin therapy were treated with acarbose 100 mg thrice daily for 1 week to investigate the effect of acarbose on blood glucose control. Daily blood glucose profiles contained fewer excursions during acarbose administration and low levels were maintained. The M-value, an indicator of blood glucose fluctuation, decreased significantly from a run-in period value of 37.6 +/- 8.7 (SEM) to 16.7 +/- 4.0 during the acarbose period (p < 0.05) and rose again to 28.9 +/- 6.7 (p > or = 0.05) in the follow-up period. The 24-h urinary glucose excretion similarly decreased during acarbose administration. As expected, no decrease in HbA1C was observed due to the short treatment period. The 24-h urinary C-peptide excretions and serum lipids were not influenced by acarbose therapy. Frequent episodes of clinical hypoglycaemia were experienced while on acarbose therapy, indicating a decrease in insulin requirements. Adverse events such as flatulence and abdominal distention were observed in six out of nine cases. Symptoms were generally mild and well tolerated, only one patient dropped out because of diarrhoea and abdominal pain. We conclude that acarbose could usefully be administered to Type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin to improve blood glucose control and reduce insulin requirement if the appropriate selection criteria were met.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1993

Melatonin and hormonal changes in disturbed sleep during late pregnancy.

Although sleep disturbance is commonly reported in pregnancy, there have been surprisingly few studies on the etiology of this condition. Since most hormones show circadian rhythmicity and maintain specific phase relationships with that of the sleep-wake cycle, it was of interest to establish whether sleep disturbances covaried with endocrine changes. This overnight study of pregnant women compared melatonin, cortisol, and prolactin secretion rhythms in six good sleepers and six poor sleepers. The groups were compared by ratios of the areas under the various hormonal curves. Significant differences in the cortisol/melatonin ratio were found between the poor sleeper group (lower values) and the good sleeper group (higher values). Nonsignificant trends, which might be expected to become significant with larger sample sizes, were found for decreased amplitude in the cortisol rhythm and increased amplitude in the melatonin rhythm in poor sleepers. The decreased amplitude of the cortisol rhythm in poor sleepers appeared to be due to a suppression of the early morning (0500-0800) rise. Prolactin levels were high and showed no rhythmicity in both groups. These differences may reflect changes in the circadian pacemaker system of poor sleepers, with increases in melatonin release being a response to counteract poor sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic assessment of portal venous flow patterns in patients after the Fontan operation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of the condition of the right heart after the Fontan operation on portal venous flow, and to determine whether the characteristics of portal venous flow were different when there was an atriopulmonary connection with atrial septal closure rather than an atriopulmonary or total cavopulmonary connection with intra-atrial routing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After the Fontan operation six patients with an atriopulmonary connection (group 1), three patients with an atriosubpulmonary connection (group 2), four patients with intra-atrial routing and an atriopulmonary connection (group 3), and five patients with a total cavopulmonary connection (group 4) were studied by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The flow signals were recorded for the pulmonary artery, hepatic vein, and intrahepatic portal vein in each patient. Postoperative cardiac catheterisation was performed in 16 of the 18 patients. The Doppler findings were compared with those of 14 controls. RESULTS: The portal flow was pulsatile in 13 patients and constant in five patients. Reversed flow was shown at or just after the QRS wave after hepatic venous regurgitation in two group 1 patients. The flow signal was interrupted in two group 1 patients and two group 2 patients. Decrease in velocity of flow was recorded in two group 1 patients, one group 2 patients, three group 3 patients, and one group 4 patient. Portal flow was constant in one group 3 patient and four group 4 patients. The pulsatility ratio ranged from -0.46 to 0.49 (mean (SD), 0.03 (0.32)) in the patients from group 1 and 2, from 0.41 to 0.76 (0.54 (0.15)) in group 3, and from 0.70 to 0.80 (0.75 (0.04)) in group 4. The ratio in the controls ranged from 0.29 to 0.83 (0.61 (0.13)). The ratio was significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (p < 0.01), group 4 (p < 0.01), or the controls (p < 0.005). There was no significant difference in the ratio between group 3 and group 4 and no correlation between the pulsatility ratio and the cardiac index (r = 0.26), mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.25), or pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.17). CONCLUSION: The larger hepatic venous regurgitation caused by atrial contraction in patients with an atriopulmonary connection correlated with the higher portal pulsatility and a total cavopulmonary connection reduced portal pulsatility.

Atrial Function, Right↗
PubMed1993

Production of interleukin-5 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor by T cells of patients with bronchial asthma in response to Dermatophagoides farinae and its relation to eosinophil colony-stimulating factor.

We investigated the effects of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and interleukin (IL)-2 on the release of eosinophil colony-stimulating factor (Eo-CSF) activity from mononuclear cells (MNC) and lymphocytes of patients with bronchial asthma (BA) who were sensitive to Df to clarify its relationship with IL-5 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). MNC and T cells of patients cultured with IL-2 and Df released Eo-CSF activity. These Eo-CSF activities were partially inhibited by anti-IL-5 and anti-GM-CSF antibodies. In 11 of 15 cases studied, MNC from patients produced GM-CSF in response to IL-2. In four of 15 cases studied, MNC from patients produced GM-CSF in response to Df. On culture with IL-2 or Df, the releases of IL-5 into the medium by MNC from individual patients varied. The results indicate that in BA responsiveness of lymphocytes to Df is increased, and suggest that IL-5 and GM-CSF produced by T cells play a role in the induction of eosinophilia and the pathogenesis of BA.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Molecular and genetic analyses of two patients with Pearson's marrow-pancreas syndrome.

Pearson's syndrome, a rare and fatal disorder characterized by refractory sideroblastic anemia and pancreatic insufficiency in infancy, is classified into mitochondrial cytopathies. To understand the molecular and genetic bases of this disorder, we have investigated the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in two Japanese patients with Pearson's syndrome. Immunoblot analysis from various tissues showed the different grades of defects in the subunits of respiratory enzyme complexes. The analyses of mtDNA showed that the deletion in patient 1 spanned 4977 bp from the ATPase 8 gene to the NADH dehydrogenase 5 gene between 13-bp direct repeats, whereas the deletion in patient 2 spanned 3151 bp from the transfer RNA(His) gene to the cytochrome b gene unrelated to any repeated sequences. The deleted mtDNA was heteroplasmic in all the analyzed tissues, but the proportions of deleted mtDNA were quite different. We observed a tendency for the tissue with low percentages of normal-sized mtDNA to show low contents of complex I subunits. Analysis of the entire sequence of both patient's mtDNA showed several nucleotide substitutions including alteration of the initiation codon of the NADH dehydrogenase 5 gene. Some of these nucleotide substitutions might contribute to the phenotypic expression of Pearson's syndrome synergistically with the deletion.

Anemia, Sideroblastic↗
PubMed1993

Endocrine and morphological study of a clinically silent somatotroph adenoma of the human pituitary.

Silent somatotroph adenomas are defined as tumors showing morphological features consistent with GH production, but no clinical evidence of GH excess. We report here the case of a 46-yr-old woman with a large pituitary macroadenoma, slightly elevated serum GH levels, high serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels, and abnormal GH dynamics, but no acromegaly. The endocrinological abnormalities receded after transphenoidal surgery despite tumor persistence, as shown by neuroimaging. The reverse hemolytic plaque assay, performed for the first time in a silent GH cell adenoma, demonstrated that the number of GH cells releasing GH and the amount of GH discharged from individual cells were less than those in clinically functioning somatotroph adenomas. Thus, it is conceivable that this tumor secreted only small quantities of GH and for only short periods, providing an explanation for the lack of acromegaly. It appears that silent somatotroph adenomas do not represent a distinct entity. It is more likely that there is a continuous spectrum from clinically functioning, sparsely granulated somatotroph adenomas with high serum GH levels to silent somatotroph adenomas with normal serum GH levels. The cause of the lack of GH oversecretion in silent GH cell adenomas has yet to be elucidated.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of the cerebral protective effects of etomidate, thiopental, and isoflurane in a model of forebrain ischemia in the rat.

We evaluated the effect of etomidate, thiopental, and isoflurane on ischemic neuronal injury in rats. Control group animals received 1.2% isoflurane. The animals in the etomidate and thiopental groups received an infusion of either etomidate or thiopental until electroencephalographic (EEG) burst-suppression was attained. In the fourth group, the isoflurane concentration was increased to 3% (sufficient to produce EEG burst-suppression). Forebrain ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion with simultaneous hypotension for 10 min. Three days after ischemia, two blinded observers evaluated neuronal injury in coronal brain sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Injury to the ventral CA1 of the hippocampus was less in the etomidate group than in the control group. Injury to the entorhinal cortex was less in the thiopental group than in the control group. Histopathologic outcome in animals anesthetized with 1.2% isoflurane and 3% isoflurane was not different. Although these data indicate that etomidate and thiopental might reduce ischemic injury in some structures, the magnitude of the protective effects observed was small.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas: correlations between clinical characteristics and morphology.

In this study, we compared the clinical and endocrinological characteristics, neuroimaging findings, surgical outcome, and conventional histological findings (including immunohistochemistry) with the electron microscopic appearance of 31 growth hormone (GH)-producing adenomas. By electron microscopy, these 31 tumors were divided into 23 densely granulated somatotroph adenomas (DG adenomas) and 8 sparsely granulated somatotroph adenomas (SG adenomas). SG adenomas more frequently affected younger women, but no significant correlation was found between the adenoma type and the characteristic signs and symptoms of acromegaly, the incidence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, or the basal serum GH and insulin-like growth factor I levels. A distinct response of GH to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, bromocriptine, or GH-releasing hormone was significantly more common in patients with DG adenomas than in those with SG adenomas, whereas the incidence of a response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone or oral glucose was not significantly different between the two groups. An analysis of neuroimaging findings and surgical results indicated that SG adenomas were more likely to be macroadenomas with suprasellar extension or invasive tumors and had a lower surgical cure rate. However, postoperative radiotherapy seemed to be similarly effective in both types of adenoma to prevent a tumor recurrence and to reduce postoperative GH basal level in serum. Light microscopy showed that DG adenomas were mainly acidophilic and were immunopositive not only for GH but also for prolactin (43%), the beta subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone (26%), and the alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormone (87%), whereas SG adenomas were almost all chromophobic and only revealed immunopositivity for GH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

1,4:3,6-Dianhydrohexitol nitrate derivatives. I. Synthesis and antianginal activity of alkylpiperazine derivatives.

A series of 5-deoxy-5-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-1,4: 3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol 2-nitrates was prepared and evaluated for oral anti-ischemic activities. Inhibition of lysine-vasopressin-induced T-wave elevation in the electrocardiogram (ECG) of rats (angina pectoris model) served as a primary assay. Optimum activity was observed for the compounds with the aryl-heteroatom (O,S, or N)-propyl group. Among them, the phenylthiopropyl-substituted compound 13 exhibited the most potent activity. Furthermore, intraduodenal administration (i.d.) of 13 tended to decrease left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in a propranolol-induced heart failure model (dogs) and showed a potent protective effect against reperfusion arrhythmia in rats. Thus, 13 (KF 14124) is under further study as an orally active nitrate.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Demonstration of biological activity of a growth hormone-releasing hormone-like substance produced by a pheochromocytoma.

The biological characteristics of a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-like substance produced by a pheochromocytoma were studied. Analysis by gel filtration chromatography combined with the use of two distinct GHRH antisera that recognize the N- and C-termini of authentic GHRH(1-44)NH2 indicated molecular heterogeneity of the immunoreactive GHRH in the tumor extract, but a component corresponding to GHRH(1-44)NH2 was the predominant form. The biological activity of this immunoreactive component was assessed in vitro by measuring its ability to induce growth hormone release from dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. At concentrations of 0.125-2.0 nmol/l, the test materials induced a dose-related increase in growth hormone release from the cells into the incubation medium (range 992 +/- 68-1872 +/- 32 ng.1.7 x 10(5) cells-1 x 3 h-1), similar to that observed with synthetic GHRH(1-44)NH2. (control value 640 +/- 30 ng.1.7 x 10(5) cells-1 x 3 h-1). This suggests that immunoreactive GHRH in the tumor has almost the same biological activity as the synthetic product and that a combination of pheochromocytoma and acromegaly is not always fortuitous because both diseases may be caused by a single neoplasm.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗