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Biomedical subjects

T Sacks

Publications and source records attributed to T Sacks.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Bactericidal effect of combinations of antimicrobial drugs and antineoplastic antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus.

Six antineoplastic antibiotics were tested against ten strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Four showed bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal activity against each of the ten strains, and two were only bacteriostatic for seven and nine strains, respectively. Using the cellophane transfer technique, combinations of these antineoplastic antibiotics with 16 antibacterial drugs were screened for combined bactericidal activity. Synergism or antagonism was demonstrated in about one-third of the combinations. Checkerboard titrations and killing curves confirmed these findings and indicated that the effective concentrations of the antibacterial agents were similar to those attainable in the serum after therapeutic doses of these drugs. Although the pharmacokinetics of the six antineoplastic antibiotics in humans are not fully known, at least one of them has a peak serum level corresponding to those values at which a bactericidal effect was produced in vitro.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Bactericidal effect of combinations of antimicrobial drugs and antineoplastic antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli.

Six antineoplastic antibiotics showed little antibacterial activity against 28 strains of four species of gram-negative enteric bacteria. By using the cellophane transfer technique, combinations of these agents with 16 antibacterial drugs usually showed indifference. However, combinations of mitomycin C, especially with the aminoglycosides, were synergistic on strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bleomycin, on the other hand, often showed antagonism on strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae with the beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antibacterial agents. Checkerboard titrations and kinetic killing curves confirmed these findings.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Reduction of postoperative infection rate in hip surgery: collaborative effort between orthopedic surgeons and control-of-infection team.

The success of a collaborative program between the ward staff and the control-of-infection team in reducing postoperative infection in patients undergoing hip surgery in a university hospital is described. The program was used to detect infection, to introduce control measures and to evaluate their effectiveness. The infection rate dropped from 25.7 to less than 1.0%, and this low rate was maintained over the 2 1/2 years of follow-up surveillance. The reduction in infection rate was associated with a six-day reduction (22.4%) in the duration of postoperative hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Phenotypic variations in gentamicin-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

Eight clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showing high level resistance to seven aminoglycosides are described. The resistance did not appear to be due to enzyme inactivation. Possible mechanisms of this resistance are discussed. Resistant strains showed phenotypic variations in the form of different colonial morphology and biochemical activity.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1978

Oxygen radicals mediate endothelial cell damage by complement-stimulated granulocytes. An in vitro model of immune vascular damage.

During hemodialysis, alternative pathway complement activation leads to pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes, with loss of pulmonary vascular endothelial integrity and, at times, protein-rich pulmonary edema. An in vitro model of this phenomenon was constructed utilizing 51Cr-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures. In this system, granulocytes, when exposed to activated complement (C), induce endothelial damage; this injury is mediated primarily by oxygen radicals produced by the granulocytes. C5a appears to be the C component responsible for granulocyte-induced cytotoxicity; studies with cytochalasin B-treated granulocytes suggest that close approximation of the granulocytes and endothelial cells is necessary for maximal cell injury.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1978

Isolation of mycoplasmas from the genital tract of women with reproductive failure, sterility or vaginitis.

The presence of mycoplasma was investigated in 77 women with infertility, 34 women complaining of sterility, 92 women with vaginitis and 66 healthy control subjects. The group of infertile women was subdivided into those with one or two spontaneous abortions, those with three or more abortions and those with missed abortions. The isolation rate of mycoplasma from the vagina and cervix of the infertile women ranged from 18 to 36%. The endometrial isolation rate was 21% in women with missed abortions but lower in women of the other two subdivisions. Mycoplasmas were infrequently found in patients investigated for sterility. They were isolated at a higher rate in patients with vaginitis, especially in those with trichomonas-associated vaginitis. They were not found in healthy control subjects. In the endometria positive for mycoplasma no specific histological features for this infection were found.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1977

The bacterial flora of the vaginal vestibule, urethra and vagina in the normal premenopausal woman.

A study of 100 healthy, premenopausal women demonstrated that lactobacilli and staphylococci are the predominant normal bacterial flora in the vaginal vestibule, urethra and vagina, with diphtheroids, streptococci and micrococci occurring in decreasing order. Gram-negative enterobacteria are a rare occurrence in the normal bacterial flora of the vaginal vestibule (7 per cent), urethra (9 per cent) and vagina (6 per cent). A second study of 10 healthy premenopausal women in whom serial examinations were done confirmed the findings of the first study and revealed that when gram-negative enterobacteria do colonize the normal vaginal vestibule, urethra and vagina colonization is of a transitory nature since enterobacteria tend to disappear spontaneously.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Bactericidal synergistic effect due to chloramphenicol-induced inhibition of staphyloccal penicillinase.

A synergistic bactericidal effect of chloramphenicol and penicillin-G was observed with 17 out of 20 beta-lactamase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The synergism was due to chloramphenicol-induced inhibition of beta-lactamase production. With seven of the strains the synergistic effect was operative only with subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, while higher concentrations produced antagonism.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1977

Error in recovery rate of aminoglycosides from uraemic sera.

The recovery rate of gentamicin and tobramycin from uraemic sera was between 50 and 70% using a bioassay method which gave a 90% recovery rate from normal sera. This difference was not seen with streptomycin or kanamycin. The recovery rate from uraemic sera could be raised to clinically acceptable levels of above 80% either by using a different assay medium or by preparing standard solutions in pooled uraemic sera.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1977

Pattern of prophylactic use of antibiotics in six surgical departments of a teaching hospital in Jerusalem.

The prophylactic use of antibiotics for various surgical procedures was studied in six surgical departments of the Hadassah University Hospital over an 18-month period between January 1972 and June 1973. A total of 7,339 patients was discharged from the six departments during this period. Antibiotics had been used prophylactically in 17.7% of these patients and in 20.4% of the 6,313 patients in whom there was no evidence of infection on admission. The rate of prophylactic use varied from 12.8 to 47.8% in different departments. Different prophylactic regimes were used in the various departments, but there was a tendency for the same regime to be used within one department, irrespective of the nature of the surgical procedure. The antibiotics were usually started postoperatively. The duration of the prophylactic courses varied but there was a general tendency to continue for more than five days, often up to 10 or more days. The frequency of use seemed to be related to the presence of factors regarded as carrying a high risk of infection, such as advanced age, operation through a contaminated field and the presence of malignancy. The association between prophylactic use and subsequent wound infection was examined. The importance of continuous surveillance of the prophylactic use of antibiotics and the role of the infection-control unit in this surveillance is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid.

Sixty-one amniotic fluid samples from women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy were examined for antimicrobial activity. Seventy per cent of the fluids were found to be active. The factor or factors responsible for this activity were present in low concentrations. The presence of spermine in the fluids accounted for some of the antimicrobial activity.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

Use of clindamycin and gentamicin in pediatric colonic surgery.

The combination of clindamycin and gentamicin was used to treat 25 pediatric surgical patients. In 9 of the 11 patients with perforated appendicitis, B. fragilis was isolated from the peritoneal cavity. There was a rapid clinical response to treatment in all cases. No side effects were observed. Clindamycin and gentamicin seem to be the antibiotics of choice for such infections.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed1976

Mycobacterium marinum skin infections mimicking cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Ten cases of skin infection due to Mycobacterium marinum are reported from Israel. Most of the infections were contracted in natural bathing pools at Ein Feshka on the shores of the Dead Sea, south of Jericho. The lesions closely resembled those of cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalent in this region. The condition does not seem to have been detected previously in the Middle East.

Adult↗