Cystine animopeptidase (CAP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in choriocarcinoma cells grown in culture were assayed and characterized electrophoretically. The specific activity of CAP in choriocarcinoma was about 1.5-fold greater than the specific activity of term placenta. The extract of choriocarcinoma contained an enzyme which is similar to one of the pregnancy-specific serum aminopeptidases in electrophoretic mobility and in resistance to inhibition by 0.1M methionine. The CAP activity was not increased in either the cells or the medium by growing the cells in the presence of oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone, or prostaglandin F-2alpha. It was tentatively concluded that choriocarcinoma cells produce CAP and that it is not regulated by any of these hormones.

Aminopeptidases↗

PubMed1975

Enzymes of normal and malignant trophoblast: phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase.

In this study we compare the specific activities and isoenzyme patterns of five enzymes--phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase--in term placenta with the analogous enzymes in a clone of choriocarcinoma cells grown in culture. Phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, and lactate dehydrogenase specific activities of the choriocarcinoma did not differ by more than two or three times from the mean activities of the comparable enzymes in placenta; the specific activity of hexokinase in the choriocarcinoma amounted to 14 per cent of the mean value for placenta. In contrast, the mean specific activity of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in the choriocarcinoma amounted to only 1 per cent of the mean value for placenta. By growing the cells in 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 20 mug per milliliter, we were able to increase alkaline phosphatase activity to 68 per cent of the mean value for placenta. For both extracts, phosphoglucose isomerase zymograms were similar and phosphoglucomutase zymograms were similar. The hexokinase zymogram of term placenta showed two isoenzymes which stained more intensely with 0.5 mM. glucose than with 0.1M glucose. A hexokinase isoenzyme was observed in zymograms of both extracts which stained more intensely with 0.1M glucose than with 0.5 mM glucose. Lactate dehydrogenase exhibited an extra isoenzyme in the choriocarcinoma extract. When the cells were cultivated in medium containing 5 mug per milliliter of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the induced phosphatase in the cell line was electrophoretically similar to placental phosphatase. At higher concentrations of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, the most anodal isoenzyme was 0.5 cm. slower in mobility than the comparable placental isoenzyme.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1975

Statistical analyses of Drosophila and human protein polymorphisms.

By using the distribution function of allelic frequencies which was recently derived by Kimura and Ota for the model of stepwise production of neutral alleles, the observed protein polymorphisms of Drosophila and man are tested for fit to the theory of neutral protein variation. The observed and theoretical distributions of alleles agree quite well except for the excess of rare alleles in the actual distributions. In human polymorphisms, the alleles with frequencies less than 1% are more numerous than expected, whereas in Drosophila, those with frequencies less than 10% are more numerous. It is pointed out that these results support my thesis that mutational pressure rather than balancing selection is the main cause for the maintenance of protein polymorphisms.

Alleles↗

PubMed1975

High-speed liquid chromatograhic separation of glycerides, fatty acids and sterols.

The high-speed liquid chromatographic separation and detection of triglycerides, diglycerides, fatty acid and sterols was carried out to permit the analyses of total lipids from soybeans and soybean food. The study was conducted with a Varian Aerograph LC 1200 liquid chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector. Linear-gradient, solvent-flow programming was used. Separation of the total lipids by the gradient was achieved in 30 minutes and the column prepared for the next analysis by washing with solvents. The detector response curves for authentic compounds were linear and equivalent to within 2.3% error, based on the response to 1-monopalmitin. The minimum detectable amounts of the authentic substances were between 0.1 and 1.4mug. When a three-stranded wire was used instead of single filament wire, the sensitivity was increased by 37%.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1975

Sinus pericranii.

Five cases of sinus pericranii are presented, four congenital and one traumatic. All five cases were successfully treated with extirpation and reinforcement with Gelfoam and silk thread over the skull openings. The literature on this rare symptom-complex is reviewed and a new definition of sinus pericranii proposed.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

[Identification of victims of environmental pollution. 1. A study at Tokuro].

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Adult↗