Biomedical subjects

T Onishi

Publications and source records attributed to T Onishi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Phenotype frequency of human leukocyte antigens in Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma who responded to interferon-alpha treatment.

BACKGROUND: Because of the high cost, low overall response rate (10% to 20%), and poor quality of life during interferon therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma, it is important to distinguish patients likely to respond to treatment. The expression of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) may serve as a clinical marker for response to interferon treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: We compared HLA phenotype frequency in 37 Japanese patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who showed a favorable response to interferon-alpha, in 93 similar patients, before treatment, who did not receive interferon-alpha, and in 939 healthy Japanese volunteers (historical control data). RESULTS: Six HLA antigens, B35, Bw48, Bw60, DRw6, DRw8, and DR9, were expressed at a significantly lower rate in the 93 pretreatment patients with renal cell carcinoma, compared with the control subjects. Three HLA antigens, excluding Bw60, DRw6, and DRw8, were expressed at a significantly higher rate in the patients who responded to interferon-alpha, compared with the pretreatment patients with renal cell carcinoma and control subjects. CONCLUSION: Three HLA antigens, B35, Bw48, and DR9, were expressed at a significantly higher rate in patients with renal cell carcinoma who showed a sensitivity to interferon-alpha, and could be important markers for clinical response to this antitumor therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of feline serum amyloid A protein by use of immunological cross-reactivity of polyclonal anti-canine serum amyloid A protein antibody.

Immunological cross-reactivity between feline and canine serum amyloid A protein (SAA) was studied to establish enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with heterologous antibody. Purified feline SAA formed a precipitin line in immunogel double diffusion with anti-canine SAA antibody. Immunological cross-reactivity was similarly observed in ELISA. In sandwich ELISA with anti-canine SAA antibody, a dose-response curve was obtained over the range of 2 micrograms/ml to 123 micrograms/ml of purified feline SAA. From the present findings, the sandwich ELISA is found to have high repeatability for quantitation of purified feline SAA and may be applicable to determine the serum concentration of feline SAA.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Seasonal occurrence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Okayama Prefecture, Japan and effect of temperature on development of the tick.

The seasonal occurrence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs was examined at a kennel in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The number of ticks suddenly decreased after treatment with an acaricide in late August. Small numbers of adults and nymphs were detected in September and October, then ticks were not seen on the dogs early in November, when the mean temperature was below 15 degrees C. Then 3 dogs were found to be infested by some adult ticks toward the end of March, when the mean temperature was about 11 degrees C. The effects of temperature on the oviposition and the development of the tick were examined under laboratory conditions. The larval and nymphal post parasitic period, the pre-oviposition period and the oviposition period were prolonged when the temperature was decreased from 37 to 23 degrees C. The oviposition period was extremely long at 14 degrees C, but the tick could not develop below 14 degrees C. No eggs hatched below 14 degrees C. The ability to attach an engorge of adult ticks was examined under cold conditions. Unengorged adult ticks could attach to rabbits on the ear which were kept in an outdoor kennel in October, November and March, however they could not engorge completely in November. They could not attach on rabbits from December to February. The longevity of the tick was also examined under low temperatures. Unengorged adults could attach and engorge on rabbits after kept at 12 degrees C with 50% relative humidity (RH) for 140 days or 12 degrees C with 50% RH for 40 days followed by 4 degrees C with 50% RH for 100 days. These findings suggest that R. sanguineus could be established in Okayama Prefecture under optimum condition.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[Effect of estriol and bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae in elderly and postmenopausal women].

To compare the efficacy of estriol (E3) in postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis, we administered orally 1 g/day calcium lactate either alone (control groups) or with 2 mg/day estriol (estrogen groups) for 10 months to 20 postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years and to 29 elderly women aged 70-84 years, and measured their bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Out of 41 subjects who completed 10 months of treatment, 8 postmenopausal women and 12 elderly women in the estrogen groups had significant (p < 0.05) increases in bone mineral density (5.59 +/- 4.79% of the respective basal values). Ten postmenopausal women and 11 elderly women in the control groups had decreases bone mineral density (-4.02 +/- 7.00% and -3.26 +/- 4.60% of the respective basal values) at the 10th month. Genital bleeding as a side effect of estriol was seen in 6 out 29 elderly subjects at this dose. Moreover, decreases in the levels of calcium, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum, and an increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were seen only in the elderly women receiving estriol. Although a lower dosage of estriol may be recommended for elderly subjects, these observations suggest that hormone replacement therapy with estriol is effective against degenerative osteoporosis, and that low-turnover bones in elderly women are also responsive to estriol.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[Clinicopathological study on patients with chromophobe cell renal carcinoma].

BACKGROUND: Reports on the patients with chromophobe cell renal carcinoma were very few. Therefore, the clinical features of this disease are uncertain. Based upon this background, we have studied on the clinicopathological characteristics of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1957 to 1995, seven hundred and fifty-one patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated at the Jikei University Hospitals. Of these patients, 36 (4.8%) with chromophobe cell renal carcinoma were diagnosed by histopathological examination. Of these 36 patients, the objective patients were 34 who could be followed-up along with long interval. RESULTS: The age distribution was 28 to 83 years old (mean was 54.1 years). Regarding to the sex difference, there observed male in 22 patients and female in 12 patients (sex ratio was 1.8: 1). Furthermore, the affected side was even, but there observed the symptoms of urinary tract mainly of haematuria in 24 patients (76.5%). As to the laboratory examination, there observed the abnormality of the acute phase reactants in 20% of patients. The greater diameter of the tumour was distributed from 1.5 to 17 cm (mean: 6.9 cm), and no consistent tendency of tumour localization was observed. Regarding the preoperative angiography, there observed the hypovascular/ avascular pattern in 15 patients (44.1%). As to the stage and grade, there observed the low stage patients in 30 (88.2%) and low grade patients in 27 (79.4%). With respect to the prognosis, the 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years survival rates for chromophobe cell renal carcinoma were 97.1%, 81.6%, 81.6%, 70.2%, 61.9% and 46.7% respectively. After comparing the survival rate of the same stage and grade patients between the objected patients and the common types of RCC, there observed a favourable prognosis in the patients with chromophobe cell renal carcinoma. Especially in patients with eosinophilic variant, no cancer related death was observed. CONCLUSION: The clinicopathological characteristics of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma show the hypovascular/avascular in angiography, low rate of laboratory abnormality, low stage/ low grade and a favourable prognosis compared with the common types of RCC.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996

[Study on anti-tumour effects of interleukin 12 for spontaneously arose murine renal cell carcinoma].

BACKGROUND: We studied on the anti-tumour effects of recently cloned cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) for murine renal cell carcinoma (RC-2) with special reference to the difference of its activity based upon the different method of administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten days after RC-2 inoculation to subcutaneous of BALB/C mice, the recombinant murine IL-12 (rMu-IL-12 was administered (0.5 microgram/mouse, 1.0 microgram/mouse and 2.0 micrograms/mouse) 5 times per week for 3 weeks. Two administration methods were applied: intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) and subcutaneous administration near grown tumour (s.c.). We evaluated the efficacy of IL-12 for the RC-2 by means of the ratio of relative mean tumour weight (TRW/CRW), the degree of histological degeneration and the survival time of tumour-bearing mice. Furthermore, the serial body weight of mice excluding the tumour weight was monitored in order to evaluate the side effect of IL-12. RESULTS: 1) The ratio of TRW/CRW: As to the experiment of IL-12 injected at 0.5 microgram/mouse, the anti-growth effect was more potent in the i.p. group than in the s.c. group. On the other hand, as to the higher dose groups including 1.0 microgram/mouse and 2.0 micrograms/ mouse groups, the s.c. groups showed more potent anti-tumour growth effects than the i.p. groups. 2) The histological effect: All examined groups showed the degree of grade II degeneration which meant the existence of viable tumour cells after the treatment had been finished. Furthermore, we found out the different pattern of degeneration between the two administration groups (i.p. and s.c.). Namely, there observed sporadicaly degeneration in the i.p. groups, and also observed uniform degeneration close to the injected area in the s.c. groups. 3) Survival time: All treated groups showed a significant prolongation of survival compared with the control, but no significant difference was observed between these two different injected groups. 4) Side effects: Through monitoring serial changes of body weight of treated mice, no significant decrease of body weight due to the administration of IL-12 was observed in all experiments. CONCLUSION: The anti-tumour effects of IL-12 for murine renal cell carcinoma with special reference to the difference of anti-tumour effect based upon the different method of administration shows that more potent anti-tumor growth effects are observed in the i.p. group dosed at 0.5 microgram/mouse than in the s.c. group. On the other hand, as to the escalating doses, more potent anti-tumour effects are observed in the s.c. groups than in the i.p. groups. Through all treatment groups, no complete regression of the tumour is observed. Therefore, further precise study to clarify the immunological reaction between tumour and its host derived from the administration of IL-12 must be needed in order to establish more effective treatment with IL-12 in the future.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[Clinicopathological characteristics of small size renal cell carcinoma].

BACKGROUND: We tried to identify which size or less means small size in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with prognosis including Robson's stage 1. METHODS: We classified RCC based upon the tumour size into cases with 2.5 cm or less (NO, VO, MO: group I: n = 27, cause-specific cases = 26) and cases with 2.6 to 3.0 cm (NO, VO, MO: group II: n = 31, cause-specific cases = 27). Based upon this classification, we studied on the clinical features of small size RCC. RESULTS: (1) Regarding the clinical features including mean age, sex ratio, affected side, opportunity of diagnosis, diagnostic approach and preoperative laboratory findings, no specific difference was observed between groups I and II except for the localization of tumour in the kidney (a significantly high rate was observed in the mid portion of the tumour in group I compared with that in group II). 2) The mean size of group I was 1.98 cm (0.7 to 2.5 cm), and that of group II was 2.84 cm (2.6 to 3.0 cm). On the other hand, the mean size of Robson's stage 1 was 5.5 cm (0.7 to 18.0 cm). Therefore, the tumour size of Robson's stage 1 was significantly larger than that of groups I and II (p < 0.001). 3) The survival rate of group I showed worse trend than that of group II after 12 years postoperatively, but no significant difference was observed between these 2 groups. Furthermore, the survival rate of Robson's stage 1 showed better trend than that of the tumour size with 3.0 cm or less, but no significant difference was observed between these 2 groups. 4) As to the grade in each group, no significant difference of survival was observed. 5) As to the recurrent rate in each group, it was 19.2% in group I, 7.4% in group II and 18.5% in Robson's stage 1. Therefore, no significant difference of recurrent rate was observed in these groups. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to identify which size or less means small size RCC associated with prognosis. This is because no specific clinical feature was observed in these small size cases compared with Robson's stage 1 which consisted with larger size tumour.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Effectiveness of Ge-132 to relieve pain and smooth home care administration for the terminal cancer patient].

Measures to alleviate pain are the most important issue in care of the cancer patient. In the present study, we investigated whether the use of narcotics could be reduced in the use of Ge-132 (Repargermanium) when used alone or together with a narcotic as a means to facilitate pain management in home care. The patients have died at home over the past 2 years with various types of cancer under our hospital supervision. Five were cases of bone metastasis, 6 of ascites. All cases had been given Ge-132, 750 approximately 2,500 mg/day (mean 1,000 mg) either orally or by IV. For pain control the first choice was MS Contin, and when the need arose the route used was intravenous or by suppository. We investigated the rate of narcotic usage and the dosage of same. Narcotics were used in 7 of the 16 patients (44%) who died at home, and the daily dose was 20 approximately 240 mg (mean 60 mg). By using Ge-132 as a pain killer the rate of narcotics use and the dosage were decreased, resulting in less side effects from the narcotics. Thus, Ge-132 proved effective in relieving the pain of the terminal cancer patient receiving home care, and since it has no side effects it assures smooth home treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Alterations of bone mineral density of the femurs in hemiplegia.

We evaluated the bone mineral density (BMD) of the bilateral femurs in 112 patients with hemiplegia using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in order to elucidate the effect of disuse and immobilization. BMD of the paretic side was significantly reduced compared with that of the non-paretic side in hemiplegic patients (femoral neck 0.582 +/- 0.014 g/cm2 versus 0.623 +/- 0.014 g/cm2 and total femur 0.645 +/- 0.02 g/cm2 versus 0.702 +/- 0.017 g/cm2; mean +/- SEM, P < 0.01, respectively). Femoral BMD in both the paretic and nonparetic limb had significantly (P < 0.01) lower values than in age- and sex-matched controls, but the paretic side had a more significant reduction of BMD; femoral neck -20% versus -14% and total femur -24% versus -18%. In addition, patients with impaired activities of daily living (ADL), evaluated by a mobility score, had significantly decreased BMD ratios of paretic/nonparetic side than patients with improved ADL (femoral neck 91% versus 97%, P < 0.01 and total femur 89% versus 94%, P < 0.05). Our results indicated that BMD of both femurs of patients with hemiplegia was reduced, although the paretic side showed a greater BMD decrease. This decrease might be prevented or reduced by improvement of ADL.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1995

Incidence of brown dog ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, at a kennel in Okayama Prefecture.

Twenty two adult dogs suffered from tick infestation at a kennel in Okayama Prefecture in the summer of 1994. Four of them had been introduced from U.S.A. Some dogs showed pyoderma, anemia, neutrophilia or eosinophilia. Neither Babesia gibsoni nor Hepatozoon canis was detected on the smear samples of peripheral blood. The ticks detected were morphologically identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This case was a rare incidence of the tick in the other areas of Japan than Okinawa.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Lungworm, Filaroides osleri, infection in a dog in Japan.

A 7-month-old male Pomeranian had severe dyspnea for 2 weeks. The lateral bronchogram showed a stenosis of the trachea. Inspite of supportive therapy including supplemental oxygen, the dog died 5 days later. Six pedunculated nodules were recognized in the mucosal surface of the trachea at necropsy. The tracheal nodules were histopathologically granuloma characterized by many coiled parasites containing a little collagen fibers, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Female parasites had a lot of embryonated eggs in the uterus. Immature worms were observed in the dilated lymph vessels of bronchial and bronchiolar wall in the lungs. The worms were identified as Filaroides osleri based on the parasitological examinations.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Development of peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to mitogens in Japanese black newborn calves.

Development of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) in 5 Japanese Black newborn calves was examined by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay until the day 28 after birth. The PHA responses of PBMC from calves aged from 0 to 7 days were less than those of PBMC from control adult cattle. While the difference of the Con A response of PBMC between newborn calves and adults was not significant statistically. These results suggest that the response of T cell to PHA may be insufficient at early stage after birth in Japanese Black.

Aging↗

PubMed1995

[Surgical treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma].

BACKGROUND: We studied the indication and the limitation of surgical treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based upon the survival rate for 48 patients (recurrent in 37, stage 4B in 11) who received the surgical therapy for the metastatic lesions. METHODS: We examined many factors including performance status (P.S.), laboratory findings, initial stages, surgical curability, operated organs, combined treatments with operation and grade of primary lesion in subjected patients. RESULTS: Regarding the performance status (P.S.) of the patients, those with P.S. 0 showed a favourable survival compared with those with P.S. 1 and 2, and significant differences were observed. Furthermore, the patients with P.S. 1 showed a favourable survival compared with those with P.S. 2, and a significant difference was observed between these two groups. The patients who manifested 2 or more abnormalities of the acute phase reactants showed unfavourable survival compared with those who manifested 1 or less abnormalities of the acute phase reactants, and a significant difference was observed between these two groups. As to the stage of the patients with stages 1 and 2 at their initial presentation, the patients who received the surgical treatment showed a favourable survival compared with those who did not, and significant differences were observed. As to the patients with stage 4B, although their clinical background was quite different, the patients who received the surgical treatment also showed a favourable survival compared with those who did not, and a significant difference was observed. In an analysis of the curability obtained by surgical procedures, the patients who were thought to have the curable surgery showed a favourable survival compared with those who were thought to have non-curable surgery, but no significant difference was observed between these two groups. In an analysis of the organs excised as a treatment for metastasis, the patients who underwent the operation for the affected adrenal gland and lung showed a relatively favourable survival. On the other hand, the patients who underwent the operation for the contralateral adrenal gland and pancreas showed an unfavourable survival. Regarding the combination treatment with operation, the patients who received the interferon and interleukin-2 treatment showed a favourable survival. No significant difference was observed among any combination treatments if operation was omitted from the combination. Regarding the grade of primary lesion, no consistent trend was observed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the surgical treatment should be indicated based upon the P.S. of the patients, the findings of acute phase reactants and the stage at the initial presentation of patients. Furthermore, the metastatic organs and the application of cytokine must be considered in the treatment of advanced RCC.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical characteristics of 7 renal cell carcinoma patients developing a solitary pancreatic metastasis after nephrectomy].

BACKGROUND: A solitary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is rarely occurred evidence. Therefore, we intended to study on the clinical characteristics of those patients who developed a solitary pancreatic metastasis after nephrectomy. METHODS: Of seven hundred and fifty-two patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who had been treated during the past 38 years, 7 patients developed a solitary pancreatic metastasis after nephrectomy. We studied on the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and prognosis of these 7 patients. RESULTS: Regarding the age distribution at the time of nephrectomy, the median age was 48 years old. Therefore, the median age of patients developing a pancreatic metastasis was 10 years younger than that of the whole group of RCC. Regarding the sex ratio of these 7 patients, there was no difference between the male and female group (male in 4, female in 3). Therefore, relatively higher rate of pancreatic metastasis in female patients was observed compared with the male counterpart. Furthermore, no difference in the affected side of the primary tumour was observed in these 7 patients (left in 4, right in 3). Regarding the stages at the time of nephrectomy, a majority of patients (85.7%) showed low stages (stages 1 and 2). As to the grade of primary lesion, a majority of these tumours (85.7%) showed low grades (grades I and II). In an analysis of the interval from the time of nephrectomy to the pancreatic metastasis, the median interval was 140 months. Therefore, the percentage of the late recurrent patients was 71.4%. As to the site of metastasis in the pancreas, various sites in the pancreas was affected, with dominant site being its body. The median size of metastatic lesion was 4.25 cm. Regarding the treatment of pancreatic metastasis, resection of the metastasis was performed in 5 patients, and the remaining 2 patients received chemotherapy in combination with administration of interferon. As to the clinical courses of these 7 patients, other organs became involved with metastases in 6 patients, and 5 of them died with the median survival of 18 months. Furthermore, of the remaining 2 patients, one survived for 73 months with persistent cancer, and the other survived for 4 months without cancer. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, renal cell carcinoma accompanied by later development of pancreatic metastasis tend to occur in younger patients and have higher incidence in females than in males when compared with otherwise similar renal cell carcinomas. Furthermore, they tend to be of low stage and grade, have longer intervals to the occurrence of metastasis and carry a poor prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[A study on the relationship between the production of cytokines and the biological features of cachexia using renal cell carcinoma heterotransplanted to nude mice].

We studied the biological features of cacheixa using renal cell carcinoma heterotransplanted to nude mice (JRC 11) where cachexia was caused after the inoculation of tumour. The results of our study were as follows; 1) The JRC 11 tumour expressed mRNA of interleukin-6 by the analysis using the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR). 2) The human IL-6 was detected in the sera of nude mice according to the growth of JRC 11. On the other hand, human IL-1-beta, human tumour necrosis factor (hTNF)-alpha and human interferon (hIFN)-gamma were not detected. 3) The serial body weight of nude mice excluding tumour weight decreased at the 3rd week after the inoculation of tumour compared with tumour non-inoculated mice (control). Furthermore, the experimental group performed the resection of JRC 11 at the 3rd week after the inoculation of tumour showed a re-increase in the body weight, and reached the same weight as that of the control group at the 6th week after the inoculation of tumour. At the same time, serum hIL-6 was not detected in this group. 4) The serial weight of visceral organs including the liver, kidney and spleen began to decrease at the 3rd week after the inoculation of tumour compared with the control group. We conclude that serum IL-6 is defined as a promoter of cachexia in renal cell carcinoma relating to paraneoplastic syndrome.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Immunohistochemical study of PCNA, EGFR, c-erbB-2 and p53 in carcinomas of large intestine].

Immunohistochemical stainings for EGFR, c-erbB-2, p53 and PCNA were performed on 36 and 30 cases of intramucosal and advanced carcinomas of large intestine. Positive rate was 58.3%, 41.6%, 58.3% and 60.6% for EGFR, c-erbB-2, p53 and PCNA in the intramucosal cases, and 66.7%, 50%, 66.7% and 72.6% in the advanced ones, respectively. Relationship between EGFR and c-drbB-2 was more significant in the advanced carcinomas than that in the intramucosal ones. It seemed likely that relationship between p53 and c-erbB-2 was more significant than that between p53 and EGFR. Positive rate of PCNA was of intimate relationship among that of EGFR, c-erbB-2 and p53, and the positive rate increased in the advanced carcinomas.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1995

[Ultrastructural study of lens fiber cells by quick-freezing and deep-etching].

The ultrastructure of lens fiber cytoskeleton was studied by quick-freezing and deep-etching. Lenses of 5 Wistar male rats were divided into lens cortex and lens nucleus. Filamentous structures were clearly observed in the cortical fiber cells, which had diameters in 10 approximately 15 nm or about 5 nm. They showed a meshwork structure. On the other hand, the filamentous structures showed a linear, dense, and laminar pattern in the nuclear fiber cells. These ultrastructural changes of cytoskeletons may be related to the elongation and differentiation of lens fiber cells and may be important for maintaining transparency of the lens.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Study on the pathological grade in the primary and distant metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma].

We studied the pathological features of renal cell carcinoma focusing on the changes of grade in the primary and metastatic lesions. The subjects consisted of 46 patients who received both nephrectomy and excision of distant metastatic lesions. As to the grade of metastatic lesions assessed according to the grade of primary lesion, over 40% of metastatic lesions did not coincide with the primary lesion except for grade I. In the study on the grade in each metastatic organ, as to lung metastasis, the rate of low grade malignancy (grades I and II) was 84.6%, and the same tendency was observed in the spleen (85.7%), adrenal gland of the affected side (71.4%), liver (100%) and brain (66.7%). On the other hand, as to the osseous metastasis, the rate of high grade malignancy (grades III and IV) was 87.5%, and the same tendency was observed in the contralateral adrenal gland (100%) and bladder (100%). We conclude that a lower grade clones as well as higher grade clones in the primary lesion must be analyzed to elucidate the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗