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Biomedical subjects

T Omae

Publications and source records attributed to T Omae.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Analysis of the mechanism of allograft rejection and cell-mediated immunity. II. Divergent effect of CY pretreatment on the generation of cytotoxic activity in the draining lymph nodes and spleen.

CY pretreatment augmented the generation of cytotoxicity in the draining lymph node cells in mice after subcutaneous immunization with allogeneic spleen cells, or in the non-adherent peritoneal exudate cells after intraperitoneal immunization with these cells. Marginal cytotoxicity in the spleen cells after this immunization was suppressed by CY pretreatment. Similar divergent effect of CY pretreatment on the generation of cytotoxic activity in the draining lymph nodes and the spleen was also observed after immunization with allogeneic tumour cells which can induce high degrees of cytotoxicity without CY pretreatment. These results indicate that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation at the site of direct graft rejection appears to have a nature different from that related to CTL generation in the spleen. A discussion is made as to the role of CTL in the peripheral site and the spleen in cases of in vivo allograft rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of hypo- or hyperglycemia on brain metabolism in experimental cerebral ischemia].

Glucose, lactate, pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in the supratentorial brain tissue frozen in situ were measured one hour after bilateral carotid occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats, of which blood glucose levels were varied by intraperitoneally injected insulin (hypoglycemia), saline (normoglycemia) and 50% glucose (hyperglycemia). Cerebral glucose concentrations as well as blood glucose levels were significantly increased in hyperglycemic animals, and decreased in hypoglycemic ones. Cerebral lactate, and lactate/pyruvate ratio at one-hour ischemia tended to increase in hyperglycemic animals comparing with those in normoglycemic ones, although cerebral ATP levels were slightly higher in the former. In hypoglycemic animals with one-hour ischemia, cerebral lactate was less increased but ATP was significantly reduced. It has been reported that hyperglycemia has vulnerable effects on brain metabolism of complete cerebral ischemia, presumably due to hyperglycemia-induced lactic acidosis of the brain. In incomplete cerebral ischemia as demonstrated in the present study, however, ATP concentrations remained at slightly higher level, despite tendency to more increase in lactate in hyperglycemic animals, indicating that high blood glucose level might be beneficial, rather than vulnerable, to incomplete cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, hypoglycemia causes more severe impairment of the brain energy metabolism because of an insufficient supply of substrates to the brain.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1982

[The adverse effects of thioureylene antithyroid drugs (author's transl)].

The aims of the present study were to investigate the incidence of adverse effects of thioureylene antithyroid drugs and to see if there were any factors related to the development of the adverse effects. Methimazole or propylthiouracil was administered to 151 patients with Graves disease; 76 untreated cases and 75 treated cases. The overall incidence was 22.4% among the 76 untreated cases. The incidences were 26.7% (13/45 cases) for methimazole and 16.1% (5/31 cases) for propylthiouracil, respectively, which were significantly higher than those previously reported. Fourteen out of 17 cases with the adverse effects were given the other thioureylene. The successive incidence of the adverse effects was 28.6% (4 cases), which was not significantly different from that under the drug of first choice. The result suggests that methimazole and propylthiouracil may not have cross-reaction each other. On the other hand, antinuclear antibody and anti-DNA antibody became positive in 2 out of the 4 cases. It would be a significant phenomenon, since antinuclear antibody was positive in only 3% of cases before the drug treatment. Thus, an immunological mechanism seemed to be involved in the problems, although there was no correlation between antithyroid autoantibodies and the development of the adverse effects. The adverse effects were observed within 2 months of administration of less than 250 tablets in total in most of the cases. The results imply that allergic mechanism rather than accumulating or toxic effect may concern the development of adverse effects of the thioureylenes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats as an experimental model of malignant hypertension. A pathological study.

A light-microscopic study of various organs of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats was performed. The rats characteristically developed fibrinoid necrosis of the wall and marked cellular thickening of the intima and media of the arterioles and small arteries of the kidney, testicle, mesentery, adrenal gland, brain, etc. Parenchymal damage of the organs, secondary to the vascular alterations took place. There were no accumulations of lipids in the vascular lesions. Though stroke has been stressed as a characteristic clinical feature of the SHRSP rats, the cerebral lesions are different from those seen in ordinary cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, many organs are involved. The overall vascular changes in the brain and other organs are consistent with those seen in malignant hypertension; the SHRSP rat is an excellent model of this disease.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1982

Effects of total parenteral nutrition on colonic lesions in Crohn's disease: radiographic and endoscopic study.

Changes in the colonic lesions were studied by means of radiographic and colonofiberscopic examination in 7 cases with Crohn's disease treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for an average of 28.6 days. During the treatment, radiographic examination showed that narrowing, irregular contour, and various ulcers of the colon were reversed, at least in part, in all cases, although there was no improvement in the strictured lesions of 2 cases, who finally underwent surgical intervention. The colonic changes were further improved in 4 of the 5 cases who received radiographic examinations of the colon from 18 to 58 months (average 32.2 months) after TPN was discontinued. The present study suggests that treatment with TPN for Crohn's disease is not only beneficial for clinical symptoms but also improves radiographic and endoscopic changes of the colonic lesions except for stricture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Elevated plasma catecholamines without alteration in cardiovascular responsiveness in young men with borderline hypertension.

Plasma catecholamines and cardiovascular responses to upright posture, exogenous noradrenaline (NA), and isoproterenol (IP) were examined in 20 young men with borderline hypertension and in 10 age-matched normotensive volunteers. Resting plasma NA and adrenaline (Ad) levels were higher in the borderline hypertensive patients. Significant correlations were found among plasma NA and mean blood pressure (MBP) or heart rate (HR), and between plasma Ad and HR in all individuals in the supine position. The increases in plasma NA were similar between groups for orthostatic positions. Pressor response to exogenous NA and chronotropic response to exogenous IP were not augmented in borderline hypertensives. A negative correlation was found between plasma NA before infusion and the increases of MBP produced by NA or the increases of HR produced by IP in all the individuals. Our observations suggest that there is hyperactivity of the sympathoadrenal system without enhancement in cardiovascular reactivity to catecholamines in young men with borderline hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The relationship of serum uric acid to hypertension and ischemic heart disease in Hisayama population, Japan.

The association of serum uric acid (SUA) with hypertension, ischemic ECG change, diabetes mellitus, and drinking and smoking habits was studied by multivariate analysis among 1871 residents aged 40 and over in Hisayama, Japan. Blood pressure level and history of hypertension did not correlate with an increased level of SUA when other factors such as serum creatinine, obesity, beta-lipoprotein and leucineaminopeptidase were taken into account. Antihypertensive medication was a significant factor influencing SUA. The association of SUA with Minnesota code 4.1-3 (S-T depression) was insignificant in men and significant in women when other factors influencing SUA were taken into account. Glycosuria was negatively correlated with SUA, while alcohol ingestion has positive correlation. There was no correlation between the amount of tobacco smoked and the level of SUA.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1982

The use of labetalol in Japan: results of multicentre clinical trials.

1 The anti-hypertensive effects and safety of labetalol have been evaluated in multicentre clinical trials in Japan based on unified study protocols. The results of three studies are reported. 2 A total of 178 patients with essential hypertension were treated with labetalol for 12 weeks, 127 of them with labetalol alone (monotherapy) and the other 51 with labetalol plus diuretics (combined therapy). 3 Satisfactory antihypertensive effects were achieved in 76 of the 119 assessable patients in the monotherapy group and 25 of the 49 in the combined therapy group. The mean daily doses of labetalol were 329 mg in the monotherapy group and 374 mg in the combined therapy group. Seven patients (six in the monotherapy group; one in the combined therapy group) were withdrawn from the trials due to side-effects. 4 Sixty-one patients with hypertension were treated with labetalol alone or combined with diuretics for 6 months or longer. In most of these patients, good blood pressure control was achieved. No patients had to discontinue the treatment due to side-effects. The mean daily doses of labetalol were stabilised in and after week 8 of the treatment at an average of 260 mg in the monotherapy and 450 mg in the combined therapy. Tolerance to the anti-hypertensive effect did not develop. 5 Thirty patients with phaeochromocytoma were treated with labetalol and good blood pressure control was achieved in 21 of them. The effects of labetalol were better in patients with predominantly adrenaline-secreting tumours, and better in patients with sustained hypertensive type than in those with paroxysmal hypertensive type.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Massive pulmonary embolism occurring with corticosteroid and diuretics therapy in a minimal-change nephrotic patient.

A 32-year-old female with a relapsing minimal-change nephrotic syndrome developed a massive pulmonary embolism during the treatment of prednisolone and diuretics. The use of diuretics in addition to a hypercoagulable state associated with nephrotic syndrome per se and corticosteroid was considered to be a direct causative factor for the event. The careful use of diuretics and a consideration of additional anticoagulant therapy are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Augmented sympathetic nervous function in young subjects with borderline hypertension.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of blood pressure elevation in the patients with borderline hypertension, the sympathetic nervous activity was investigated and the following results were obtained: 1) Plasma catecholamine (CA) levels were elevated in young men but not in middle-aged men with borderline hypertension in comparison with age-matched normal men. 2) Cardiovascular responsiveness to exogenous CA was not augmented in young men with borderline hypertension. 3) Cerebrospinal fluid noradrenaline levels were elevated in young men with borderline hypertension. They correlated positively with plasma NA or blood pressure. 4) In young men with borderline hypertension, plasma and urinary CAs were not altered by hypertonic saline loading. These results suggest that increased activity of the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system is an important mechanism of blood pressure elevation in young subjects with borderline hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Renin response to furosemide differs with the routes of administration in health men.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) was serially determined 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min following administration of furosemide in a dose of 40 mg intravenously (i.v.) and 80 mg orally (p.o.) at a one week interval in 10 healthy men. Following i.v. furosemide administration, PRA increased rapidly and reached a plateau level of 6.1 +/- 1.0 ng/ml/h (222 +/- 44% of the control), at 15 min and remained at about the same level throughout the remaining period of the study. In contrast, PRA increased progressively to a maximum level of 5.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml/h (285 +/- 53% of the control), 120 min after p.o. furosemide. In case of p.o. furosemide, the increase in PRA was dependent on the doses used per body weight, and was significantly correlated with the cumulative sodium excretion by itself, or the cumulative sodium excretion adjusted by either the leanness index or the body surface area. Such relationships were not apparent after i.v. furosemide. These findings suggest that the response of renin release to furosemide in healthy men differs with the routes of administration and renin release with p.o. furosemide may be largely due to a net sodium loss, while mechanism(s) other than sodium loss may be involved in the early hypersecretion of renin with i.v. administration of furosemide.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Average urinary excretion of sodium in 24 hours can be estimated from a spot-urine specimen.

We assessed to what extent sodium intake can be estimated from the sodium content of a spot-urine specimen (spot-UNa) collected within 4 hours after the first voiding upon awakening but before breakfast. Subjects were asked to collect spot-urine and 24-hour urine specimens other than the spot-urine for a 3-day period, either successively or intermittently. The coefficient of correlation between spot-UNa and urinary excretion of sodium in 24 hours (24-h UNa) collected on the first day was 0.47. When the coefficient of the variation of creatinine excretion in the spot-urine was above 20%, the sample was discarded as the "outlier', and in this case the coefficient of correlation was 0.725. A marked fluctuation of creatinine excretion in spot-urine was considered to represent technical errors at the time of the spot-urine collection. The coefficient of variation of intra-individual 24-h UNa exceeded 20%, suggesting that a single determination of 24-h UNa does not represent the individual average of daily urinary excretion of sodium. It is concluded that the determination of a substantial number of spot-urine specimens to estimate daily salt ingestion of a given subject may be more reliable than a single determination of 24-h UNa, if the "outlier' of creatinine excretion in spot-urine specimen is excluded from the determination of spot-UNa. The average urinary excretion of sodium in 24 hours by the Japanese subjects investigated here was 218 +/- 67 mEq.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of plasma renin activity by blood pressure level (pressure-renin index) in patients with essential hypertension.

Under various conditions of sodium balance, 1-sarcosine-8-isoleucine angiotensin II was infused into 15 normotensive controls and 82 patients with benign essential hypertension. Changes in mean blood pressure induced by the analogue were correlated with the logarithm of plasma renin activity (r = -0.763, p less than 0.001 for the controls; r = -0.776, p less than 0.001 for the patients). Although the coefficients of determination were much the same, 0.95 confidence limits of the regression line did not overlap at renin levels over 7 ng/ml/h. At those levels, a decrease in the mean blood pressure induced by the analogue was greater in the hypertensive patients. A pressure-renin index was defined as a product of the logarithm of plasma renin activity and the mean blood pressure measured before the analogue infusion. The correlation between the analogue effect and the pressure-renin index was highly significant (r = -0.763, p less than 0.001 for the controls; r = -0.777, p less than 0.001 for the hypertensive patients). The regression line (0.95 confidence limit) for the hypertensives coincided with that for the normotensives. Thus, the blood pressure level should be taken into account when attempting to evaluate plasma renin activity.

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II↗