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Biomedical subjects

T Okuda

Publications and source records attributed to T Okuda.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of dietary protein levels on urea utilization in Papua New Guinea highlanders.

Ability to utilize urea nitrogen for body protein synthesis was examined with Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlanders and Japanese (JPN). Eight male PNG highlanders and 8 male JPN were fed on a low protein diet containing 0.55 g protein/kg or an adequate protein diet containing 1.34 g protein/kg for 1 or 2 weeks. The fate of 15N was measured after oral administration of 15N-labelled urea. There was no difference in 15N incorporation into serum protein between PNG highlanders and JPN receiving low protein diets. On the other hand, on the adequate protein diet, 15N incorporation in PNG highlanders was similar to that on the low protein diet, in contrast to that in JPN which was hardly detected in the adequate protein diet. When PNG highlanders take more protein than protein in their usual diet, they effectively incorporate ingested protein into their body protein and urea nitrogen is utilized for synthesis of body protein.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of rice fiber on fecal weight, apparent digestibility of energy, nitrogen and fat, and degradation of neutral detergent fiber in young men.

The effects of rice fiber on fecal weight, transit time, frequency of defecations, digestibility of nutrients and blood status were investigated in 5 healthy young men. Each of them consumed a brown rice diet and then a polished rice diet for 2 weeks respectively. Both diets contained 1.2 g protein per kg body weight. The brown rice diet contained 2 times as much dietary fiber as the polished rice diet. When they consumed the brown rice diet, it showed an increase of fecal weight and decrease of digestibility of energy, nitrogen and fat. Nitrogen balance was not significantly different and kept zero balance on both diets. Concentration of plasma cholesterol was not significantly different. The results suggest that rice fiber produced an increase in fecal weight, which is assumed to be effective in preventing colonic disease in advanced countries and does not affect plasma lipid level.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in end-stage renal failure patients on peritoneal dialysis].

Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone (CPZ) was examined in 5 patients with end-stage renal failure on maintenance intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Blood levels of CPZ given as a 1 g intravenous bolus injection were not different whether a patient was on or off peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal clearance of CPZ was 1.6-1.9 ml/min. Blood CPZ levels reached the therapeutic level within 30-120 minutes after an intraperitoneal administration of 1 g CPZ, and remained at the level at least for 3-5 hours. Side effects of CPZ were not observed in any patient. These data indicate that the peritoneal dialysis does not affect blood CPZ levels given intravenously and that effective blood levels of CPZ can be maintained for several hours after an intraperitoneal injection of the drug. Thus, CPZ is considered useful in renal failure patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Antihepatotoxic actions of tannins.

The antihepatotoxic effects of tannin analogues were examined utilizing carbon tetrachloride- and galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Most tannins showed significant antihepatotoxic effects in these two assay systems. Hydrolyzable tannins generally exhibited an intense enzyme inhibitory action on glutamic-pyruvic transaminase while condensed tannins exerted a much less inhibitory action, although variations were observed depending on structure. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1985

Indirect and direct suppressive actions of morphine on dorsal horn neurons in rabbits.

The analgesic mechanism of morphine on the spinal nociceptive transmission was compared in rabbits with the intact and cold-blocked states of the spinal cord. The degree of the suppressive effect of morphine (2 mg/kg) on the bradykinin-induced activity was significantly greater in the intact than in the cold-blocked states. Morphine (4 mg/kg) suppressed the nociceptive responses to similar levels in both states. These results suggest that in a small dose, the indirect suppressive action is more important than the direct action. In a larger dose, the suppressive action is probably exerted primarily by the direct spinal action.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Blood status and serum free amino acids in Papua New Guinea highlanders.

Hematological values and serum amino-acid concentrations were measured in 17 healthy male adult Papua New Guinea highlanders who live on a sweet-potato staple diet. Hematological values were within the normal range, except for a low serum urea concentration. The concentrations of serum threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine were significantly lower, and those of arginine, glutamate, glycine and alanine were significantly higher, than in Japanese controls. These amino acid patterns in the serum of Papua New Guinea highlanders are an indication of low protein nutrition and adequate energy supply. Some essential amino acid and urea concentrations in the serum of nine Papua New Guinea subjects fed on an adequate protein diet (1.3 g/kg body weight, about twice their habitual diet) for 13 days were significantly increased but were still significantly lower than those of Japanese subjects. Serum alanine decreased on an adequate protein diet. These results show that amino acid uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues may be accelerated on an adequate protein diet. Blood status and serum amino acid concentrations did not show any change except for urea and some amino acids, when five Papua New Guinea highlanders were fed on a low protein diet (0.6 g/kg) consecutively for 13 days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Utilization of urea nitrogen in Papua New Guinea highlanders.

The utilization of urea nitrogen was examined in 10 healthy adult men from a village near Lufa, in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. The staple diet of these men was sweet potatoes. [15N]urea was used as tracer for urea released into their intestinal tracts and the utilization of the urea-N was estimated from the trend of 15N. The men were orally given [15N]urea at the beginning of the study and then their daily protein intake, serum protein levels, 15N excretion in the feces and urine, 15N retention in the whole body and 15N incorporation into serum protein were examined. Their daily protein intake (32.2 +/- 8.6 g/day) was low, but their serum protein level (8.05 +/- 0.41 g/100 ml) was within the normal range. 15N retention in the whole body on day 3 was estimated to be 35.4 +/- 20.2% of the total amount administered, calculated from the recoveries in the feces (1.64 +/- 0.85%) and urine (63.0 +/- 20.5%) on days 1-3. The utilization of urea nitrogen in Papua New Guinea highlanders was confirmed from the finding of 15N incorporation into serum proteins on day 3 (0.008 +/- 0.005 atom% excess). This incorporation was negatively correlated with the urinary nitrogen excretion and serum protein level. This correlation suggests that Papua New Guinea highlanders with low urinary nitrogen excretion or a low level in serum protein, who are in a poor state of protein nutrition, tend to utilize more urea nitrogen for the synthesis of serum protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of SM-4300, a new intact gammaglobulin, with venoglobulin-I].

Evaluation of SM-4300, a new intact gammaglobulin for peritoneal use, about antimicrobial titers and prophylactic effects on bacterial infections in mice was performed. The results are as follows: The antimicrobial titers of SM-4300 against bacteria, protozoa, and virus were almost the same as those of venoglobulin-I, another intact gammaglobulin. The difference in antimicrobial titers among several lots of SM-4300 was unrecognizable. Prophylactic effects of SM-4300 on systemic infections in granulocytopenic mice were remarkable and were comparable to those of venoglobulin-I. About 9% of venoglobulin-I treated mice died within 24 hours after the injection. On the contrary, no mice died by SM-4300 treatment.

Agranulocytosis↗