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Biomedical subjects

T Okuda

Publications and source records attributed to T Okuda.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

An evaluation of fecal occult blood screening in automated multiphasic health testing and services.

In the present paper, the efficacy of fecal occult blood screening in automated multiphasic health testing and services (AMHTS) is evaluated, and some problems with it are also discussed. A total of 54,735 subjects were screened for occult blood by the Shionogi slide 1-day method. According to a follow-up survey of the 715 subjects judged (+ +), 42 cases of colorectal polyp and 13 of colorectal cancer were confirmed. Eight of the 12 cases of primary colorectal cancer, excluding a case of metastatic transverse colon cancer, were located in the colon's right-side. The result may have arisen from the fact that most subjects in AMHTS are relatively young and free of symptoms. This suggests that fecal occult blood testing in AMHTS may be useful for detecting colon cancers of the right side as well as of the left. Of the nine cases of primary colorectal cancer previously screened, five had been judged (+) in previous testing. This fact indicates an especially rigorous examination of subjects judge (+) to be necessary in AMHTS. Meanwhile, of the 45 cases of gastric cancer detected by enhanced X-ray testing, only eight (17.8%) subjects were judged (+) or (+ +). It is suggested that fecal occult blood testing may not, therefore, be too effective in screening for gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of oral amphotericin B with serial measurement of the serum concentration in patients with leukemia and related disorders].

A total of 10 episodes in 7 patients with leukemia or related disorders was treated with oral amphotericin B (AMPH). In 8 episodes AMPH were used prophylactically for severe neutropenia, and in the remaining 2 it was given when the patients were feverish. A daily dose of 2,400 mg of AMPH was given orally once a day and serum concentrations of AMPH were determined serially with bioassay. Two hours after administration, the mean serum concentration of AMPH rose to 0.15 microgram/ml, and reached 0.27 microgram/ml after 24 hours. The concentration was maintained between 0.23 microgram/ml and 0.39 microgram/ml through the following 7 days. These concentrations exceed the minimal inhibitory concentrations of most strains of Candida albicans. In 8 occasions of prophylactic use, no fungal infection was encountered. In a patient with pneumonia, chest X-ray and physical findings improved with administration of oral AMPH. Side effect of AMPH was seen in 1 patient, which was mild proteinuria and was eased rapidly after the withdrawal of AMPH. Clinical laboratory tests showed 1 case of proteinuria and disorder of kidney but did not clear under influence of AMPH. These results suggest that oral administration of AMPH is clinically and therapeutically effective and relatively safe for the prophylaxis or the treatment of fungal infection in patients with leukemia or related disorders.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[The value of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with brain tumors].

gamma gamma-Enolase is considered a specific protein of neuron, which is called neuron specific enolase (NSE). Recent reports clarified that NSE exists not only in neurons but also in neuroendocrine cells, thrombocytes and lymphocytes. Besides normal neuronal tissues, high serum levels of NSE were noticed in the patients with neuroblastomas, small cell carcinomas of the lung, and malignant gliomas, etc. In order to clarify the usefulness of NSE as a marker for intracranial neoplasms or an indicator for prognosis of the patients with intra-cranial tumors, we studied serum, CSF and intratumoral fluid levels of NSE in 62 patients with intra-cranial tumors by radioimmunoassay. Serum level of NSE in healthy adults ranged from 4.1 to 8.9 ng/ml (5.6 +/- 1.38 ng/ml, n = 15) and that of CSF ranged from 4.9 to 7.3 ng/ml (means 6.1 ng/ml, n = 3). Serum samples from patients with malignant gliomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors contained abnormally high level of NSE, of which mean value were 22.3 ng/ml and 16.1 ng/ml, respectively. However, serum samples from patients with low grade gliomas and other intracranial tumors arising from non-neuroectodermal tissues were within normal range. In 9 patients, not only serum levels but CSF levels and/or intratumoral cyst levels of NSE were examined at the same time. Except one meningioma case, CSF levels of NSE were higher (4.9-55.3 ng/ml, mean: 19.3 ng/ml) than that of serum levels (2.3-17.3 ng/ml, mean: 12.7 ng/ml). Mean NSE concentrations of intratumoral fluids in both malignant and benign tumors were 181.7 ng/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical examination of lung cancers using monoclonal antibodies reacting with sialosylated Lewisx and sialosylated Lewisa.

In order to explore the relationship between the expression of cancer-associated glycolipids such as sialylated Lex (SLEX) and sialylated Lea (SLEA) and the histological subtypes of lung cancers, 30 cases of small cell carcinoma (SCC) and 47 cases of non-small cell carcinoma (non-SCC) were examined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies reacting with SLEX and SLEA. The forty-seven cases of non-SCC included 20 cases of adenocarcinoma, 20 of squamous cell carcinoma and 7 of large cell carcinoma. Tumour cells of most non-SCCs expressed SLEX and SLEA. In adenocarcinomas, the number of tumour cells having SLEX and SLEA was more than that of squamous cell carcinomas, large cell carcinomas and SCC. In SCC, 14 of the 30 cases were found to be positive for both antigens. Although the cancer cells of 11 cases of 17 intermediate cell type SCC had both antigens, the cells of only 3 of 13 oat cell tumours expressed SLEX and SLEA. The present study shows that SLEX and SLEA are useful markers for lung adenocarcinomas, that most cases of intermediate cell type of SCCs have characteristics similar to non-SCC but that many oat cell tumours lack them.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

An antiallergic activity of disodium cromoglycate unrelated to mast cell activation.

The pharmacological effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) were studied in rats during the development of reactions to various allergens or carrageenin. DSCG (10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, i.v.) showed pronounced inhibitory effects on type I and type III (passive Arthus) allergic reactions. An immunological degranulation of mast cells and a significant decrease in tissue histamine content were observed in type I allergic reactions but not in type III allergic reactions characterized by an apparent infiltration of neutrophils. An antihistaminic agent, promethazine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was effective only against type I allergic reactions and totally ineffective against type III allergic reactions. Thus, the results obtained above strongly suggest that DSCG exhibits at least two mechanisms of antiallergic action; one is related to mediator release from mast cells and the other is unrelated to mast cell activation.

Allergens↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of direct and indirect depressant actions of ketamine on dorsal horn cells in rabbits.

The neurophysiological mechanism for the depressant action of ketamine on nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord was examined in rabbits with an intact spinal cord and those with a transected or cold-blocked spinal cord. Ketamine depressed the nociceptive responses in both intact and transected spinal cord groups dose-dependently. The depressant effects of ketamine were significantly greater and longer in the intact group than in the transected group, particularly with 2 and 5 mg/kg of ketamine. The depressant effects produced by ketamine on activity induced by bradykinin were partially reversed by 1 mg/kg of naloxone. Compared to the reversible cold block of the upper part of the spinal cord, the depressant effects produced by both 2 and 5 mg/kg of ketamine on activity induced by bradykinin in the intact spinal cord were significantly greater, and 10 mg/kg of ketamine depressed the nociceptive responses to similar levels in both states. These results suggest that in small to moderate doses, the indirect depressant action of ketamine from the brain stem is more important than the direct action. On the other hand, at a large dose, the direct depressant action becomes predominant.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1986

Studies of nitrogen balance in male highlanders in Papua New Guinea.

Nitrogen metabolism in Papua New Guinea highlanders was studied by examining their nitrogen balance when they ate their usual diet (experiment 1) or an experimental diet (experiment 2). Studies were made on 39 male highlanders between October and December in 1980 and 1982. In experiment 1, the average protein and energy intakes (mean +/- SD) for three consecutive days of usual diets were 116.2 +/- 31.2 mg N/kg body weight and 46.9 +/- 8.9 kcal/kg body weight in 1980 and 143.5 +/- 54.8 mg N/kg body weight and 47.3 +/- 10.5 kcal/kg body weight in 1982, and thus the nitrogen balances were 27.7 +/- 28.3 and 18.4 +/- 24.2 mg N/kg body weight, respectively. Most dietary protein and energy was derived from sweet potatoes and other vegetable foods, but between 1980 and 1982 the diet changed slightly with increased consumption of imported foods such as rice and canned fish. In the second experiment, when 10 highlanders were given adequate protein diet (about 200 mg N/kg body weight and about 44 kcal total energy/kg body weight for 13 d, much of the dietary nitrogen was retained in their bodies (45.1 +/- 19.3 mg N/kg body weight). When another group of men were fed a sweet-potato diet (81.1 mg N/kg body weight for 8 d followed by a low protein sweet-potato diet containing only 42 mg N/kg body weight with 50 kcal/kg body weight for 14 d, nitrogen true digestibility and net protein utilization increased and their nitrogen balance showed no significant change (-11.0 +/- 5.6 mg N/kg body weight).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Activity of SM-4470, a new imidazole derivative, against experimental fungal infections.

The antifungal activity of orally active SM-4470, (R)-3-(n-butylthio)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(imidazole-1-yl)-2-propanol hydrochloride, was compared with that of ketoconazole. SM-4470 showed twofold-higher activity than ketoconazole in the oral treatment of systemic infection with Candida albicans in mice. In addition, SM-4470 was effective against aspergillosis in mice, but ketoconazole was ineffective. The efficacy of SM-4470 was similar to that of ketoconazole in curing experimental candidal vaginitis in rats and trichophytosis in guinea pigs, although its serum concentrations in these animals were lower than those of ketoconazole. These data suggest that SM-4470 may be of value in the treatment of both systemic and superficial fungal infections in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Angiotensin II and vasopressin stimulate calcium-activated chloride conductance in rat mesangial cells.

In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms by which angiotensin II (AII) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulate mesangial cell function, we examined the membrane potential change of mesangial cells and found that cells contracted and membrane potential depolarized in response to AII and AVP. The depolarization was associated with decreased input resistance. Ca ionophore A23187 caused similar mesangial cell contraction and depolarization. The reversal potential (Vr) of the depolarization response to AII and AVP was -29 +/- 3 and -25 +/- 7 mV (mean +/- SD), respectively. Not only the Vr of the AII-induced depolarization but also Vr of the Ca ionophore-induced response was dependent upon the extracellular Cl- concentration. Further, AII and AVP caused cell contraction and membrane depolarization in Ca++-free medium containing 0.5 mM EGTA. These data suggest the presence of Ca++ -activated Cl- channels in the mesangial cells and that AII and AVP increase Cl- permeability via an elevation of [Ca++]i released from the intracellular organellae.

Angiotensin II↗