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Biomedical subjects

T Okawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Okawa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Adrenal incidentaloma: report of eight cases].

Since 1983, eight cases of adrenal incidentaloma were experienced at the Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical College and affiliated hospitals. Six adrenal masses were incidentally detected by computed tomography, and two were first noted by either ultrasonography or intravenous pyelography. Surgical exploration was performed in all cases as the final diagnostic measure. Of them, three had adrenocortical adenomas, three had adrenal cysts, one had adrenal metastasis and one had pheochromocytoma. Preoperative evaluation revealed that all patients except one with pheochromocytoma had no endocrinological abnormality. The management of the adrenal incidentaloma, which will be discovered more frequently accompanied with the increasing use of computed tomography, was discussed with special references to its precise indication of surgical treatment.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

[Arterial perfusion study with 99mTc-MISA in monitoring intra-arterial chemotherapy of head and neck tumor].

RI-angiography with 99mTc microsphere albumin (MISA) was performed to evaluate the distribution during intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy from October 1985 to November 1987 at Tokyo Women's Medical College. Thirty studies were carried out in twenty-one patients with oropharyngeal (11), oral cavity (6), maxillary sinus (3) and laryngeal cancer (1). Six mCi of 99mTc-MISA was slowly injected through the intra-arterial catheter in 1-2 minutes. The evaluation of RI-distribution was classified into the following three categories: Excellent, all of the tumor are covered; Good, more than 50% of the tumor; Poor, less than 50% of the tumor. Good or excellent distribution was obtained in 18 of 21 cases (86%). Sequential perfusion studies were performed on 8 cases. Three cases had evidenced excellent or good distribution during the treatment. Five cases showed poor distribution in the first study. In three of these cases, distributions were improved after replacement of the catheter, RI-distribution at the internal carotid arterial area was seen in three patients, and in two of them, excellent or good distribution was obtained after replacement of the catheter. These data suggested that RI angiography with 99mTc-MISA was useful for evaluation of the drug distribution during intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy, especially for detection of abnormal distribution in the internal carotid arterial area.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of implantable drug delivery system (Port-A-Cath) in cancer chemotherapy].

Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy has become widely accepted in the multimodal treatment of many malignant tumors. We have used Port-A-Cath, which is an implantable drug delivery system, for regional infusion therapy in cancer chemotherapy since April 1984 and made a study protocol for evaluation of safety, usefulness and reliability. Twenty-two patients with pancreatic and intra-pelvic tumors have been treated with this method. Drugs of this series were adriamycin and mitomycin-C, using intermittently and 5-Fluorouracil continuously with or without radiotherapy. In localized unresectable adenocarcinoma of pancreas, the median implanted days of Port-A-Cath was 139 days and the median survival from implantation was 212 days. On the other hand, in advanced or recurrent intra-pelvic tumors, the median implanted day was 274 days and median survival time from implantation was 583 days. One case developed skin necrosis at the implanted area, and three had infections which were able to be managed. The findings suggest that Port-A-Cath assures safety and good quality of life in cancer patients because of the freedom of movement, normal physical appearance and barriers to infection due to subcutaneous placement.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Radiation therapy alone in the treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix: review of experience at Tokyo Women's Medical College (1969-1983).

Three hundred thirteen patients presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix at Tokyo Women's Medical College from 1969 to 1983. The results are presented here. All of the patients were treated by radiotherapy with curative intent with a combination of intracavitary cesium by low-dose rate, using T.A.O. afterloading applicators, which was made of flexible tubes to adapt to the physique of Japanese women by Tazaki, E., Arai, T. and Oryu, S. and external irradiation. One hundred and sixty patients (51.1%) presented with FIGO Stage III disease, 23 patients (7.3%) presented with Stage I disease, and 75 (24.0%) with Stage II. The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 81.7% for Stage I, 76.8% for Stage II, 53.3% for Stage III, 29.2% for Stage IVa, and 10.5% for Stage IVb, respectively. The overall 5-year survival rate was 55.8%. The local regional recurrence rate according to stage was 13.6% in Stage I, 22.4% in Stage II, 41.3% in Stage IIII, and 46.7% in Stage IVa. The incidence of locoregional recurrence rate was 35.6% and distant metastasis 37.8%. The incidence of complications involving bleeding and pain which required hospitalization, was 12.2% in all patients. Only four required surgery to manage serious complications.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1987

Effects of combined treatment with nimustine hydrochloride and radiation on solid FM3A tumor in mice.

Female C3H/HeN mice bearing solid FM3A tumors were treated with a combination of ACNU (or Nimustine hydrochloride) and radiation in order to investigate the antitumor effects and also to determine the optimal treatment schedule of ACNU in such combined therapy. ACNU was intravenously injected either twice with an interval of 2 weeks and a dose of 30 mg/kg (intermittent large-dose treatment), or as 4 weekly doses of 15 mg/kg (fractionated small-dose treatment). Local irradiation (5 Gy) at the tumor site was performed twice with an interval of 2 weeks between the doses. Synergistic effects were obtained by the combination of ACNU and radiotherapy in terms of tumor growth inhibition and prolongation of survival. Histology also revealed much greater reduction of viable tumor cells in the case of combination treatment. With either treatment with ACNU alone or in combination with irradiation, the intermittent large-dose injections resulted in better inhibition of tumor growth than did the fractionated small-dose injections, but the survival times with the intermittent treatments were not as prolonged as would be expected from the direct effects. Loss of body weight and depression of WBC number were also much more severe in the intermittent treatment group. Thus, it may be concluded that when ACNU is combined with radiotherapy, the intermittent large-dose regimen is not necessarily superior to the fractionated small-dose one.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Protective effect of nimustine hydrochloride against radiation-induced pulmonary injury in mice.

Female C3H/HeN mice were irradiated in the thorax at a dose ranging from 10 to 25 Gy with or without ACNU (nimustine hydrochloride) treatment in order to determine whether the chemotherapeutic agent would lead to an enhancement of radiation-induced lung damage. ACNU given intravenously at 15 mg/kg immediately prior to irradiation reduced the mortality of mice irradiated with a low dose; mortality with either radiation alone or radiation plus ACNU was 4/10 (40%) or 0/10 (0%) at 13.1 Gy, and 9/10 (90%) or 6/10 (60%) at 15 Gy, respectively. The presence of ACNU during thoracic irradiation also prolonged the survival time of mice approximately 2-fold over that of animals given radiation alone. Histological examination of mice sacrificed 80 days after treatments revealed that the combination of drug and irradiation produced no radiation pneumonitis, which was predominant in mice given radiation alone. It is unexpectedly concluded that ACNU may have a protective effect against radiation-induced lung injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Radiotherapy combined with BRM (biological response modifiers) in the treatment of cancer].

The latest treatment of biological response modifiers (BRM) with or without another cancer treatment modalities has been increased. In this paper, radiotherapy combined with some BRM, which were used in systemic administration and intra-arterial infusion, was demonstrated. 1) In experimental study, radiation and IL-2 indicated the synergic effects on the tumor growth inhibition. 2) Radiotherapy and IFN-beta for advanced head and neck and pelvic tumor were successful in tumor effects and tolerable in side effects. 3) The clinical trial showed that pathological effects and clinical tumor response (CR rate) of radiation and LC9018 for cervical cancer stage IIb, III were significantly better than those of radiotherapy alone. These data suggested that the treatment of radiation and BRM was useful and should be considered in multimodal therapy for cancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical experience of a subcutaneously implantable drug delivery catheter (PORT-A-CATH)].

A drug delivery catheter system with subcutaneously implantable port, PORT-A-CATH, was applied for intra-arterial, intravenous and intraperitoneal chemotherapy and hyperalimentation in treating 99 cancer patients. The average implantation period was 135.1 days and this system was applied for more than one year in 5 cases. Any troubles due to port or catheter materials were not observed during the study. Catheter occlusion occurred in 11 cases infection in 7 (catheter-related infection 4, pocket infection 3), and skin necrosis in 4. This system was proved useful to reduce the risk of infection and enabled easy and safe long-term repeated administration, compared to the catheters with external end. Intra-arterial chemotherapy became possible to the outpatients with the use of this system, which seemed to contribute for the improvement of quality of life of the patients.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Therapeutic ratio in radiotherapy--clinical analysis and strategy].

The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical analysis and radiation strategy for cancer in the therapeutic ratio (T.R.) which were decided on relationship between tumor lethal dose and tissue tolerance. T.R. was first described at 1936, 40 years after discovering X-ray, by Holthusen. It is the basic principle of Radiotherapy for Radiation Oncologist. Radiotherapy must be planned on basing T.R. which is decided after estimating tumor factor, normal tissue tolerance, and host condition. In recent years, not only early skin reaction but late deep organs effects should be considered on T.R. because radiation energy has become higher from KeV era to MeV. The Optimum radiation methods has been investigated according to consider T.R.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1987

[Effectiveness of the field-within-a-field technic in radiation treatment].

Field within a field technique in radiation therapy is one of the methods in order to improve the dosimetric factor, which makes inner small field in the outer large field. This method makes it possible to increase the dosage of radiation to the inner small field without increasing the overall time, because both of the fields are irradiated simultaneously. In other words, it is intended to relieve symptoms rapidly and improve the local control rate. As it is usefull and safety, it should be considered in radiotherapy of cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Second primary malignant neoplasm following radiation therapy of head and neck cancers].

This retrospective analysis reports the results of radiotherapy in 8272 patients with cancer who were treated at Tokyo Women's Medical College between 1966 and 1984. One thousand one hundred and four cases were irradiated for head and neck tumor during this period. Twenty-nine of the total number of patients (0.35%) were found to have second primary malignant neoplasms following radiotherapy according to the criteria of radiation-induced or related cancers. Twenty of these were head and neck tumors with an incidence of 1.81% among all head and neck cancer patients. If recurrence of highly suspected cases was excluded, the incidence of radiation-induced or -related cancer was 0.18% among all malignancies and 0.63% among all head and neck tumors. Cases of multiple primary malignant neoplasm have been increasing in number and second cancer following radiotherapy has gradually become a big problem. However, the mechanisms of cancer etiology on which radiation and many other factors have an influence are not clear at this time, as there are many risks to human life. It is important not to underestimate the value of radiotherapy in cancer treatment today.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Attributes of microorganisms that contribute to recurrence and intractability of vaginal mycosis.

Recurrence or intractability of vaginal mycosis may be ascribable to various factors. Attributes of microorganisms that contribute to recurrence and intractability of vaginal mycosis have not fully been elucidated. We studied this problem by means of a modern fungal identification method, strict measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration and close clinical analysis. As for the detection rate for Candida albicans (C. alb.) and Torulopsis glabrata (T. glab.) as pathogens of vaginal mycosis, we found a relative increase was observed in T. glab. that so far has shown strong adaptability, even under unfavorable environments, to general fungi. The MIC values for clotrimazole (CTZ) against T. glab. were about 4 times as high as those against C. alb. No acquired resistance to CTZ was observed in these 2 groups. Conventional identification methods have been unable to provide conclusive evidence of the self-infection of vaginal mycosis from the anus to the vagina via the vulva. In some of the cases examined in this study, the modern fungal identification method succeeded in demonstrating that the fungal species detected in these three regions were of the same origin. Some of the C. alb. and T. glab. strains which reappeared after treatment were found to be different from those detected before treatment, a finding indicating that reinfection, apart from recurrence, occurred. Besides, treatment occasionally resulted in replacement of C. alb. with T. glab.

Candida↗
PubMed1986

[Renal oxalate excretion following oral oxalate load in patients with urinary calculus disease and healthy controls].

Oral oxalate loading using sodium oxalate or a vegetable juice was done to evaluate the intestinal absorption of exogenous oxalate in 30 patients with renal stones and 13 healthy controls. Fifteen calcium oxalate stone formers, 7 non-oxalate stone formers and 10 healthy volunteers were given an oral loading of sodium oxalate (500 mg). Urinary oxalate increased promptly, reaching a peak value within 4 to 8 hours after administration of a synthetic oxalate orally in a fasting state. In calcium oxalate stone formers, the mean increment of urinary oxalate and the bioavailability following oral sodium oxalate load were significantly higher than in the healthy controls and non-oxalate stone formers. Furthermore, intestinal hyperabsorption of oxalate in our criterion was defined in six patients with calcium oxalate stones (40%). On the other hand, eight calcium oxalate stone formers and three healthy controls were given vegetable juice. Urinary oxalate was increased only slightly after the ingestion, and there was no difference between calcium oxalate stone formers and normal controls. These results suggest that a certain hyperoxaluria might be induced by intestinal absorption of exogenous oxalate, and that the hyperabsorption might indicate a possible risk factor for calcium oxalate stone formation.

Administration, Oral↗